公众号:尤而小屋 作者:Peter 编辑:Peter
大家好,我是Peter~
LaTeX是一种标记语言,主要用于创建高质量的学术文档,特别是数学、物理和计算机科学领域的文档。它基于TeX排版系统,由美国数学家Donald E. Knuth开发。在LaTeX中,你可以轻松地编写复杂的数学公式,并控制文档的布局和样式。
本文整理了丰富的数学公式编写过程中涉及到的的各种符号,建议收藏直接使用~
两种方式
在LaTeX中编辑数学公式的两种表现形式:
- 行内:使用一对公式部分 即可,比如勾股定理的公式:a^2 b^2=c^2
- 行外:使用两对$公式部分$ ,勾股定理$a^2 b^2=c^2$ 会单独占据一行
常用希腊字母 Greek alphabet
希腊字母是希腊语所使用的字母,也广泛用于数学、物理、生物、化学、天文等学科。它是世界上最早拥有表示元音音位的字母的书写系统
序号 | 小写 | LaTeX | 读音 | 序号 | 大写 | LaTeX | 读音 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | α | alpha | /ˈælfə/ | 22 | σ | sigma | /ˈsɪɡmə/ |
2 | β | beta | /ˈbiːtə/, US: /ˈbeɪtə/ | 23 | ς | varsigma | /ˈsɪɡmə/ |
3 | γ | gamma | /ˈɡæmə/ | 24 | τ | tau | /taʊ, tɔː/ |
4 | δ | delta | /ˈdɛltə/ | 25 | υ | upsilon | /ˈʌpsɪlɒn/ |
5 | ϵ | epsilon | /ˈɛpsɪlɒn/ | 26 | ϕ | phi | /faɪ/ |
6 | ε | varepsilon | /ˈɛpsɪlɒn/ | 27 | φ | varphi | /faɪ/ |
7 | ζ | zeta | /ˈzeɪtə/ | 28 | χ | chi | /kaɪ/ |
8 | η | eta | /ˈeɪtə/ | 29 | ψ | psi | /psaɪ/ |
9 | θ | theta | /ˈθiːtə/ | 30 | ω | omega | /oʊˈmeɪɡə/ |
10 | ϑ | vartheta | /ˈθiːtə/ | 31 | Γ | Gamma | /ˈɡæmə/ |
11 | ι | iota | /aɪˈoʊtə/ | 32 | Δ | Delta | /ˈdɛltə/ |
12 | κ | kappa | /ˈkæpə/ | 33 | Θ | Theta | /ˈθiːtə/ |
13 | λ | lambda | /ˈlæmdə/ | 34 | Λ | Lambda | /ˈlæmdə/ |
14 | μ | mu | /mjuː/ | 35 | Ξ | Xi | /zaɪ, ksaɪ/ |
15 | ν | nu | /njuː/ | 36 | Π | Pi | /paɪ/ |
16 | ξ | xi | /zaɪ, ksaɪ/ | 37 | Σ | Sigma | /ˈsɪɡmə/ |
17 | o | o | /ˈɒmɪkrɒn/ | 38 | Υ | Upsilon | /ˈʌpsɪlɒn/ |
18 | π | pi | /paɪ/ | 39 | Φ | Phi | /faɪ/ |
19 | ϖ | varpi | /paɪ/ | 40 | Ψ | Psi | /psaɪ/ |
20 | ρ | rho | /roʊ/ | 41 | Ω | Omega | /oʊˈmeɪɡə/ |
21 | ϱ | varrho | /roʊ/ | ||||
常用希伯来字母Hebrew alphabet
序号 | 图标 | LaTeX | 英文 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | ℵ | aleph | aleph |
2 | ℶ | beth | beth |
3 | ℷ | gimel | gimel |
4 | ℸ | daleth | daleth |
在Typora中使用markdown编写LaTex符号的效果:
$pi、zeta、pi、varrho、aleph$
源码为:
代码语言:python代码运行次数:0复制$pi、zeta、pi、varrho、aleph$ # 一对$$
二元运算符 Binary operations
常用的二元运算符
序号 | 图标 | LaTeX | 序号 | 图标 | LaTeX |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 20 | ∙ | bullet | ||
2 | − | 21 | ⊕ | oplus | |
3 | × | times | 22 | ⊖ | ominus |
4 | $div$ | div (在physics扩展开启状态下为) | 23 | ⊙ | odot |
5 | ± | pm | 24 | ⊘ | oslash |
6 | ∓ | mp | 25 | ⊗ | otimes |
7 | ◃ | triangleleft | 26 | ◯ | bigcirc |
8 | ▹ | triangleright | 27 | ⋄ | diamond |
9 | ⋅ | cdot | 28 | ⊎ | uplus |
10 | ∖ | setminus | 29 | △ | bigtriangleup |
11 | ⋆ | star | 30 | ▽ | bigtriangledown |
12 | ∗ | ast | 31 | ⊲ | lhd |
13 | ∪ | cup | 32 | ⊳ | rhd |
14 | ∩ | cap | 33 | ⊴ | unlhd |
15 | ⊔ | sqcup | 34 | ⊵ | unrhd |
16 | ⊓ | sqcap | 35 | ⨿ | amalg |
17 | ∨ | vee | 36 | ≀ | wr |
18 | ∧ | wedge | 37 | † | dagger |
19 | ∘ | circ | 38 | ‡ | ddagger |
二元关系符 Binary relations
常见的二元关系符:
序号 | 图标 | LaTeX | 序号 | 图标 | LaTeX |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | = | = | 49 | ⪈ | gneq |
2 | ≠ | ne | 50 | ≧ | geqq |
3 | ≠ | neq | 51 | ≱ | ngeq |
4 | ≡ | equiv | 52 | ≱ | ngeqq |
5 | ≢ | notequiv | 53 | ≩ | gneqq |
6 | ≐ | doteq | 54 | ≩ | gvertneqq |
7 | ≑ | doteqdot | 55 | ≶ | lessgtr |
8 | $stackrel{mathrm{dff}}{=}$ | stackrel{mathrm{dff}}{=} | 56 | ⋚ | lesseqgtr |
9 | := | := | 57 | ⪋ | lesseqqgtr |
10 | ∼ | sim | 58 | ≷ | gtrless |
11 | ≁ | nsim | 59 | ⋛ | gtreqless |
12 | ∽ | backsim | 60 | ⪌ | gtreqqless |
13 | ∼ | thicksim | 61 | ⩽ | leqslant |
14 | ≃ | simeq | 62 | ⪇ | nleqslant |
15 | ⋍ | backsimeq | 63 | ⪕ | eqslantless |
16 | ≂ | eqsim | 64 | ⩾ | geqslant |
17 | ≅ | cong | 65 | ⪈ | ngeqslant |
18 | ≇ | ncong | 66 | ⪖ | eqslantgtr |
19 | ≈ | approx | 67 | ≲ | lesssim |
20 | ≈ | thickapprox | 68 | ⋦ | lnsim |
21 | ≊ | approxeq | 69 | ⪅ | lessapprox |
22 | ≍ | asymp | 70 | ⪉ | lnapprox |
23 | ∝ | propto | 71 | ≳ | gtrsim |
24 | ∝ | varpropto | 72 | ⋧ | gnsim |
25 | << /td> | < | 73 | ⪆ | gtrapprox |
26 | ≮ | nless | 74 | ⪊ | gnapprox |
27 | ≪ | ll | 75 | ≺ | prec |
28 | ≪̸ | notll | 76 | ⊀ | nprec |
29 | ⋘ | lll | 77 | ⪯ | preceq |
30 | ⋘̸ | notlll | 78 | ⋠ | npreceq |
31 | ⋖ | lessdot | 79 | ⪵ | precneqq |
32 | 80 | ≻ | succ | ||
33 | ≯ | ngtr | 81 | ⊁ | nsucc |
34 | ≫ | gg | 82 | ⪰ | succeq |
35 | ≫̸ | notgg | 83 | ⋡ | nsucceq |
36 | ⋙ | ggg | 84 | ⪶ | succneqq |
37 | ⋙̸ | notggg | 85 | ≼ | preccurlyeq |
38 | ⋗ | gtrdot | 86 | ⋞ | curlyeqprec |
39 | ≤ | le | 87 | ≽ | succcurlyeq |
40 | ≤ | leq | 88 | ⋟ | curlyeqsucc |
41 | ⪇ | lneq | 89 | ≾ | precsim |
42 | ≦ | leqq | 90 | ⋨ | precnsim |
43 | ≰ | nleq | 91 | ⪷ | precapprox |
44 | ≰ | nleqq | 92 | ⪹ | precnapprox |
45 | ≨ | lneqq | 93 | ≿ | succsim |
46 | ≨ | lvertneqq | 94 | ⋩ | succnsim |
47 | ≥ | ge | 95 | ⪸ | succapprox |
48 | ≥ | geq | 96 | ⪺ | succnapprox |
几何关系符号Geometric symbols
常见的几何关系符号:
序号 | 图标 | LaTeX | 序号 | 图标 | LaTeX |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ∥ | parallel | 14 | ◊ | lozenge |
2 | ∦ | nparallel | 15 | ⧫ | blacklozenge |
3 | ∥ | shortparallel | 16 | ★ | bigstar |
4 | ∦ | nshortparallel | 17 | ◯ | bigcirc |
5 | ⊥ | perp | 18 | △ | triangle |
6 | ∠ | angle | 19 | △ | bigtriangleup |
7 | ∢ | sphericalangle | 20 | ▽ | bigtriangledown |
8 | ∡ | measuredangle | 21 | △ | vartriangle |
9 | 45∘ | 45^circ | 22 | ▽ | triangledown |
10 | ◻ | Box | 23 | ▴ | blacktriangle |
11 | ◼ | blacksquare | 24 | ▾ | blacktriangledown |
12 | ⋄ | diamond | 25 | ◂ | blacktriangleleft |
13 | ◊ | Diamond lozenge | 26 | ▸ | blacktriangleright |
逻辑符号 Logic symbols
常用的逻辑关系运算符:
序号 | 图标 | LaTeX | 序号 | 图标 | LaTeX |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ∀ | forall | 20 | ¬ | neg |
2 | ∃ | exists | 21 | R̸ | notoperatorname{R} |
3 | ∄ | nexists | 22 | ⊥ | bot |
4 | ∴ | therefore | 23 | ⊤ | top |
5 | ∵ | because | 24 | ⊢ | vdash |
6 | & | And | 25 | ⊣ | dashv |
7 | ∨ | lor | 26 | ⊨ | vDash |
8 | ∨ | vee | 27 | ⊩ | Vdash |
9 | ⋎ | curlyvee | 28 | ⊨ | models |
10 | ⋁ | bigvee | 29 | ⊪ | Vvdash |
11 | ∧ | land | 30 | ⊬ | nvdash |
12 | ∧ | wedge | 31 | ⊮ | nVdash |
13 | ⋏ | curlywedge | 32 | ⊭ | nvDash |
14 | ⋀ | bigwedge | 33 | ⊯ | nVDash |
15 | q¯ | bar{q} | 34 | ⌜ | ulcorner |
16 | abc¯ | bar{abc} | 35 | ⌝ | urcorner |
17 | q― | overline{q} | 36 | ⌞ | llcorner |
18 | abc― | overline{abc} | 37 | ⌟ | lrcorner |
19 | ¬ | lnot |
集合Sets
集合相关的符号:空集、并集、子集、包含与被包含、存在于等各种符号
序号 | 图标 | LaTeX | 序号 | 图标 | LaTeX |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | {} | {} | 23 | ⊏ | sqsubset |
2 | ∅ | emptyset | 24 | ⊃ | supset |
3 | ∅ | varnothing | 25 | ⋑ | Supset |
4 | ∈ | in | 26 | ⊐ | sqsupset |
5 | ∉ | notin | 27 | ⊆ | subseteq |
6 | ∋ | ni | 28 | ⊈ | nsubseteq |
7 | ∩ | cap | 29 | ⊊ | subsetneq |
8 | ⋒ | Cap | 30 | ⊊ | varsubsetneq |
9 | ⊓ | sqcap | 31 | ⊑ | sqsubseteq |
10 | ⋂ | bigcap | 32 | ⊇ | supseteq |
11 | ∪ | cup | 33 | ⊉ | nsupseteq |
12 | ⋓ | Cup | 34 | ⊋ | supsetneq |
13 | ⊔ | sqcup | 35 | ⊋ | varsupsetneq |
14 | ⋃ | bigcup | 36 | ⊒ | sqsupseteq |
15 | ⨆ | bigsqcup | 37 | ⫅ | subseteqq |
16 | ⊎ | uplus | 38 | ⊈ | nsubseteqq |
17 | ⨄ | biguplus | 39 | ⫋ | subsetneqq |
18 | ∖ | setminus | 40 | ⫋ | varsubsetneqq |
19 | ∖ | smallsetminus | 41 | ⫆ | supseteqq |
20 | × | times | 42 | ⊉ | nsupseteqq |
21 | ⊂ | subset | 43 | ⫌ | supsetneqq |
22 | ⋐ | Subset | 44 | ⫌ | varsupsetneqq |
箭头Arrows
和箭头相关的各种符号:
序号 | 图标 | LaTeX | 序号 | 图标 | LaTeX |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ⇛ | Rrightarrow | 36 | ⟼ | longmapsto |
2 | ⇚ | Lleftarrow | 37 | ⇀ | rightharpoonup |
3 | ⇒ | Rightarrow | 38 | ⇁ | rightharpoondown |
4 | ⇏ | nRightarrow | 39 | ↼ | leftharpoonup |
5 | ⟹ | Longrightarrow | 40 | ↽ | leftharpoondown |
6 | ⟹ | implies | 41 | ↿ | upharpoonleft |
7 | ⇐ | Leftarrow | 42 | ↾ | upharpoonright |
8 | ⇍ | nLeftarrow | 43 | ⇃ | downharpoonleft |
9 | ⟸ | Longleftarrow | 44 | ⇂ | downharpoonright |
10 | ⇔ | Leftrightarrow | 45 | ⇌ | rightleftharpoons |
11 | ⇎ | nLeftrightarrow | 46 | ⇋ | leftrightharpoons |
12 | ⟺ | Longleftrightarrow | 47 | ↶ | curvearrowleft |
13 | ⟺ | iff | 48 | ↺ | circlearrowleft |
14 | ⇑ | Uparrow | 49 | ↰ | Lsh |
15 | ⇓ | Downarrow | 50 | ⇈ | upuparrows |
16 | ⇕ | Updownarrow | 51 | ⇉ | rightrightarrows |
17 | → | rightarrow | 52 | ⇄ | rightleftarrows |
18 | → | to | 53 | ↣ | rightarrowtail |
19 | ↛ | nrightarrow | 54 | ↬ | looparrowright |
20 | ⟶ | longrightarrow | 55 | ↷ | curvearrowright |
21 | ← | leftarrow | 56 | ↻ | circlearrowright |
22 | ← | gets | 57 | ↱ | Rsh |
23 | ↚ | nleftarrow | 58 | ⇊ | downdownarrows |
24 | ⟵ | longleftarrow | 59 | ⇇ | leftleftarrows |
25 | ↔ | leftrightarrow | 60 | ⇆ | leftrightarrows |
26 | ↮ | nleftrightarrow | 61 | ↢ | leftarrowtail |
27 | ⟷ | longleftrightarrow | 62 | ↫ | looparrowleft |
28 | ↑ | uparrow | 63 | ↪ | hookrightarrow |
29 | ↓ | downarrow | 64 | ↩ | hookleftarrow |
30 | ↕ | updownarrow | 65 | ⊸ | multimap |
31 | ↗ | nearrow | 66 | ↭ | leftrightsquigarrow |
32 | ↙ | swarrow | 67 | ⇝ | rightsquigarrow |
33 | ↖ | nwarrow | 68 | ↠ | twoheadrightarrow |
34 | ↘ | searrow | 69 | ↞ | twoheadleftarrow |
35 | ↦ | mapsto |
特殊关系符号
其他少见的特殊符号:
序号 | 图标 | LaTeX | 序号 | 图标 | LaTeX |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ∞ | infty | 33 | ♭ | flat |
2 | ℵ | aleph | 34 | ♮ | natural |
3 | ∁ | complement | 35 | ♯ | sharp |
4 | ∍ | backepsilon | 36 | ╱ | diagup |
5 | ð | eth | 37 | ╲ | diagdown |
6 | Ⅎ | Finv | 38 | ⋅ | centerdot |
7 | ℏ | hbar | 39 | ⋉ | ltimes |
8 | Im | Im | 40 | ⋊ | rtimes |
9 | ı | imath | 41 | ⋋ | leftthreetimes |
10 | ȷ | jmath | 42 | ⋌ | rightthreetimes |
11 |
|