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OpenCV基本绘图

2017-08-30 10:30:21 更新

目标

在本教程中,您将学习如何:

OpenCV理论

对于本教程,我们将大量使用两个结构:cv :: Pointcv :: Scalar

Point

它表示由其图像坐标和指定的2D点。我们可以将其定义为:xy

Point pt;
pt.x = 10;
pt.y = 8;

or

Point pt = Point(10,8);

Scalar

  • 代表一个4元素的向量。Scalar类型广泛用于OpenCV中,用于传递像素值。
  • 在本教程中,我们将广泛使用它来表示BGR颜色值(3个参数)。如果不使用最后一个参数,则无需定义最后一个参数。
  • 让我们看一个例子,如果我们被要求一个颜色参数,我们给出:
Scalar( a, b, c )

我们将定义一个BGR颜色,如:Blue = a,Green = b和Red = c

Code


#include <opencv2/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui.hpp>
#define w 400
using namespace cv;
void MyEllipse( Mat img, double angle );
void MyFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center );
void MyPolygon( Mat img );
void MyLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end );
int main( void ){
  char atom_window[] = "Drawing 1: Atom";
  char rook_window[] = "Drawing 2: Rook";
  Mat atom_image = Mat::zeros( w, w, CV_8UC3 );
  Mat rook_image = Mat::zeros( w, w, CV_8UC3 );
  MyEllipse( atom_image, 90 );
  MyEllipse( atom_image, 0 );
  MyEllipse( atom_image, 45 );
  MyEllipse( atom_image, -45 );
  MyFilledCircle( atom_image, Point( w/2, w/2) );
  MyPolygon( rook_image );
  rectangle( rook_image,
         Point( 0, 7*w/8 ),
         Point( w, w),
         Scalar( 0, 255, 255 ),
         FILLED,
         LINE_8 );
  MyLine( rook_image, Point( 0, 15*w/16 ), Point( w, 15*w/16 ) );
  MyLine( rook_image, Point( w/4, 7*w/8 ), Point( w/4, w ) );
  MyLine( rook_image, Point( w/2, 7*w/8 ), Point( w/2, w ) );
  MyLine( rook_image, Point( 3*w/4, 7*w/8 ), Point( 3*w/4, w ) );
  imshow( atom_window, atom_image );
  moveWindow( atom_window, 0, 200 );
  imshow( rook_window, rook_image );
  moveWindow( rook_window, w, 200 );
  waitKey( 0 );
  return(0);
}
void MyEllipse( Mat img, double angle )
{
  int thickness = 2;
  int lineType = 8;
  ellipse( img,
       Point( w/2, w/2 ),
       Size( w/4, w/16 ),
       angle,
       0,
       360,
       Scalar( 255, 0, 0 ),
       thickness,
       lineType );
}
void MyFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center )
{
  circle( img,
      center,
      w/32,
      Scalar( 0, 0, 255 ),
      FILLED,
      LINE_8 );
}
void MyPolygon( Mat img )
{
  int lineType = LINE_8;
  Point rook_points[1][20];
  rook_points[0][0]  = Point(    w/4,   7*w/8 );
  rook_points[0][1]  = Point(  3*w/4,   7*w/8 );
  rook_points[0][2]  = Point(  3*w/4,  13*w/16 );
  rook_points[0][3]  = Point( 11*w/16, 13*w/16 );
  rook_points[0][4]  = Point( 19*w/32,  3*w/8 );
  rook_points[0][5]  = Point(  3*w/4,   3*w/8 );
  rook_points[0][6]  = Point(  3*w/4,     w/8 );
  rook_points[0][7]  = Point( 26*w/40,    w/8 );
  rook_points[0][8]  = Point( 26*w/40,    w/4 );
  rook_points[0][9]  = Point( 22*w/40,    w/4 );
  rook_points[0][10] = Point( 22*w/40,    w/8 );
  rook_points[0][11] = Point( 18*w/40,    w/8 );
  rook_points[0][12] = Point( 18*w/40,    w/4 );
  rook_points[0][13] = Point( 14*w/40,    w/4 );
  rook_points[0][14] = Point( 14*w/40,    w/8 );
  rook_points[0][15] = Point(    w/4,     w/8 );
  rook_points[0][16] = Point(    w/4,   3*w/8 );
  rook_points[0][17] = Point( 13*w/32,  3*w/8 );
  rook_points[0][18] = Point(  5*w/16, 13*w/16 );
  rook_points[0][19] = Point(    w/4,  13*w/16 );
  const Point* ppt[1] = { rook_points[0] };
  int npt[] = { 20 };
  fillPoly( img,
        ppt,
        npt,
        1,
        Scalar( 255, 255, 255 ),
        lineType );
}
void MyLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end )
{
  int thickness = 2;
  int lineType = LINE_8;
  line( img,
    start,
    end,
    Scalar( 0, 0, 0 ),
    thickness,
    lineType );
}

说明

  • 由于我们计划绘制两个例子(an atom and a rook),我们必须创建两个图像和两个窗口来显示它们。
  char atom_window[] = "Drawing 1: Atom";
  char rook_window[] = "Drawing 2: Rook";
  Mat atom_image = Mat::zeros( w, w, CV_8UC3 );
  Mat rook_image = Mat::zeros( w, w, CV_8UC3 );
  • 我们创建了绘制不同几何形状的功能。例如,为了绘制原子,我们使用MyEllipseMyFilledCircle
  MyEllipse( atom_image, 90 );
  MyEllipse( atom_image, 0 );
  MyEllipse( atom_image, 45 );
  MyEllipse( atom_image, -45 );
  MyFilledCircle( atom_image, Point( w/2, w/2) );
  • 并提请我们所使用的车MYLINE矩形MyPolygon
  MyPolygon( rook_image );
  rectangle( rook_image,
         Point( 0, 7*w/8 ),
         Point( w, w),
         Scalar( 0, 255, 255 ),
         FILLED,
         LINE_8 );
  MyLine( rook_image, Point( 0, 15*w/16 ), Point( w, 15*w/16 ) );
  MyLine( rook_image, Point( w/4, 7*w/8 ), Point( w/4, w ) );
  MyLine( rook_image, Point( w/2, 7*w/8 ), Point( w/2, w ) );
  MyLine( rook_image, Point( 3*w/4, 7*w/8 ), Point( 3*w/4, w ) );
  • 我们来检查一下这些功能的内容:

MYLINE


void MyLine( Mat img, Point start, Point end )
{
  int thickness = 2;
  int lineType = LINE_8;
  line( img,
    start,
    end,
    Scalar( 0, 0, 0 ),
    thickness,
    lineType );
}

我们可以看到,MyLine只是调用函数cv :: line,它执行以下操作:

  1. 从点开始到点结束绘制一条线
  2. 该行显示在图像img中
  3. 线颜色由Scalar(0,0,0)定义,它是与Black相对应的RGB值
  4. 线厚度设定为厚度(在这种情况下为2)
  5. 线是8连接线(lineType = 8)

MyEllipse


void MyEllipse( Mat img, double angle )
{
  int thickness = 2;
  int lineType = 8;
  ellipse( img,
       Point( w/2, w/2 ),
       Size( w/4, w/16 ),
       angle,
       0,
       360,
       Scalar( 255, 0, 0 ),
       thickness,
       lineType );
}

从上面的代码,我们可以看到函数cv :: ellipse绘制一个椭圆,使得:

  1. 椭圆显示在图像img中
  2. 椭圆中心位于**(w / 2,w / 2)**的点,并且被包围在大小为**(w / 4,w / 16)**
  3. 椭圆旋转角度
  4. 椭圆延伸0到360度之间的圆弧
  5. 图中的颜色将为标量(255,0,0),表示BGR值为蓝色。
  6. 椭圆的厚度为2。

MyFilledCircle


void MyFilledCircle( Mat img, Point center )
{
  circle( img,
      center,
      w/32,
      Scalar( 0, 0, 255 ),
      FILLED,
      LINE_8 );
}

类似于椭圆函数,我们可以观察到接 作为参数:

  1. 将显示圆圈的图像(img)
  2. 圆的中心表示为点中心
  3. 圆的半径:w / 32
  4. 圆的颜色:标量(0,0,255),表示BGR中的红色
  5. 由于厚度 = -1,圆将被绘制填充。

MyPolygon


void MyPolygon( Mat img )
{
  int lineType = LINE_8;
  Point rook_points[1][20];
  rook_points[0][0]  = Point(    w/4,   7*w/8 );
  rook_points[0][1]  = Point(  3*w/4,   7*w/8 );
  rook_points[0][2]  = Point(  3*w/4,  13*w/16 );
  rook_points[0][3]  = Point( 11*w/16, 13*w/16 );
  rook_points[0][4]  = Point( 19*w/32,  3*w/8 );
  rook_points[0][5]  = Point(  3*w/4,   3*w/8 );
  rook_points[0][6]  = Point(  3*w/4,     w/8 );
  rook_points[0][7]  = Point( 26*w/40,    w/8 );
  rook_points[0][8]  = Point( 26*w/40,    w/4 );
  rook_points[0][9]  = Point( 22*w/40,    w/4 );
  rook_points[0][10] = Point( 22*w/40,    w/8 );
  rook_points[0][11] = Point( 18*w/40,    w/8 );
  rook_points[0][12] = Point( 18*w/40,    w/4 );
  rook_points[0][13] = Point( 14*w/40,    w/4 );
  rook_points[0][14] = Point( 14*w/40,    w/8 );
  rook_points[0][15] = Point(    w/4,     w/8 );
  rook_points[0][16] = Point(    w/4,   3*w/8 );
  rook_points[0][17] = Point( 13*w/32,  3*w/8 );
  rook_points[0][18] = Point(  5*w/16, 13*w/16 );
  rook_points[0][19] = Point(    w/4,  13*w/16 );
  const Point* ppt[1] = { rook_points[0] };
  int npt[] = { 20 };
  fillPoly( img,
        ppt,
        npt,
        1,
        Scalar( 255, 255, 255 ),
        lineType );
}

要绘制一个填充的多边形,我们使用函数cv :: fillPoly。我们注意到:

  1. 多边形将在img上绘制
  2. 多边形的顶点是ppt中的一组点
  3. 要绘制的顶点总数为npt
  4. 要绘制的多边形的数量只有1
  5. 多边形的颜色由Scalar(255,255,255)定义,它是白色的BGR值

rectangle

  rectangle( rook_image,
         Point( 0, 7*w/8 ),
         Point( w, w),
         Scalar( 0, 255, 255 ),
         FILLED,
         LINE_8 );

最后我们有cv :: rectangle函数(我们没有为这个人创建一个特殊的函数)。我们注意到:

  1. 矩形将在rook_image上绘制
  2. 矩形的两个相对顶点由**点(0,7 * w / 8)**和点(w,w)**定义
  3. 矩形的颜色由Scalar(0,255,255)给出,它是黄色的BGR值
  4. 由于厚度值由FILLED(-1)给出,矩形将被填充。

结果

编译和运行你的程序应该给你一个这样的结果:

OpenCV基本绘图