一个比较简单的爬虫，适合练手学习使用，主要是爬取和采集网站的作品信息，包括标题、内容及图片，其中图片采用了多线程爬取，算是比较简单的参考和学习案例，协议头的获取也做了随机处理，如果你正在找练手网站，不妨尝试爬取下载数据。
考虑到外网爬取，存在访问超时以及出错的情况发生，所以采用了三次访问超时重试的机制，同时对于详情页的爬取采用了报错机制跳过处理，以此来顺利爬取网站，适合新人学习爬取使用。
代码语言：javascript复制 for href in hrefs:
try:
get_detail(href)
except Exception as e:
print(f">> 爬取{href}错误，n错误代码：{e}")
time.sleep(3)如感兴趣可以自行尝试爬取下载，注意爬取限制一下时间及频率。
附上完整源码仅供参考学习使用。
代码语言：javascript复制# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
# beccoid @公众号：eryeji
# https://www.eccoid.com/works
import requests
from lxml import etree
import time
import random
import re
import threading
import os
def get_ua():
ua_list = [
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/14.0.835.163 Safari/535.1',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.103 Safari/537.36Chrome 17.0',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:6.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/6.0Firefox 4.0.1',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50',
'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50',
'Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11',
]
ua=random.choice(ua_list)
return ua
def get_hrefs():
url='https://www.eccoid.com/works'
headers={
"User-Agent":get_ua()
}
response=requests.get(url=url,headers=headers,timeout=6)
print(response.status_code)
html=response.content.decode('utf-8')
#print(html)
tree=etree.HTML(html)
hrefs=tree.xpath('//p[@class="gallery-caption-content"]/a/@href')
print(len(hrefs))
print(hrefs)
for href in hrefs:
try:
get_detail(href)
except Exception as e:
print(f">> 爬取{href}错误，n错误代码：{e}")
time.sleep(3)
def get_detail(href):
print(f">> 正在爬取：{href}")
response = get_resp(url=href)
print(response.status_code)
html = response.content.decode('utf-8')
#print(html)
tree = etree.HTML(html)
h1=tree.xpath('//h1/strong/text()')[0]
pattern = r"[/\:*?"<>|]"
h1=re.sub(pattern, "_", h1) # 替换为下划线
print(h1)
path = f'{h1}/'
os.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True)
print(f">> 生成保存目录 {h1} 文件夹成功！")
ptexts=tree.xpath('//div[@class="sqs-block-content"]//text()')
ptext='n'.join(ptexts)
print(ptext)
with open(f'{path}{h1}.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(f'{h1}n{ptext}')
print(f">> 保存 {h1}.txt 文件成功！")
img=tree.xpath('//div[@class="section-background-content"]/img/@data-src')[0]
imgs=tree.xpath('//div[@class="content"]//img/@data-src')
imgs.insert(0,img)
print(len(imgs))
print(imgs)
down_imgs(path, imgs)
# 3次重试
def get_resp(url):
i = 0
while i < 4:
try:
headers = {
"User-Agent":get_ua()
}
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=10)
print(response.status_code)
return response
except requests.exceptions.RequestException:
i = 1
print(f">> 获取网页出错，6S后将重试获取第：{i} 次")
time.sleep(i * 2)
def down_imgs(path,imgs):
threadings = []
for img in imgs:
t = threading.Thread(target=get_img, args=(path,img))
threadings.append(t)
t.start()
for x in threadings:
x.join()
print(f"恭喜，多线程下载图片完成!")
#下载图片
def get_img(path,img_url):
img_name = img_url.split('/')[-1]
r = get_resp(img_url)
time.sleep(1)
with open(f'{path}{img_name}', 'wb')as f:
f.write(r.content)
print(f">> {img_name}下载图片成功")
def main():
get_hrefs()
if __name__=='__main__':
main()
