1.什么是linux，什么是服务器？
linux与windows、mac同属于操作系统。
应用场景
supercomputer（服务器），优点在于支持多用户同时使用，且互不干扰。
权限控制
多用户的权限控制
命令行模式
linux的操作靠命令行来实现
目录结构
文件系统呈树状，宿主目录放在home目录下
2.为什么学生信要用linux？
生物软件基于linux，系统开源、免费，不需要图形界面，有效节约资源.
3.怎样召唤linux--阿里云服务器
1 单纯linux 2 Windows10上的linux 3 Windows7 上的linux 4 Mac上的linux 5 本地服务器上的linux 6 云服务器上的linux
相较于windows，mac在此方面有天然优势。
4.怎样登录服务器--xshell和terminal
恰好手头有台macbookmacbook，terminal启动！
5.linux有哪些最基本的操作？
pwd: print working directory，也就是显示当前路径
mkdir ：make directory-- 创建你的空目录
ls 显示列表，不管是目录还是文件，都能显示
1 删除文件--rm
2 删除空目录--rmdir
3 删除非空目录--rm -r
cd接一个目录名，表示进入该目录
vi 新建脚本或者文本文档
cat接文本文件的名字，查看并直接将文本文件的内容输出到屏幕
head/tail 输出内容
例如：head -n 3 hello_world.txt
cp file1 file2 复制
mv 将文件移入文件夹，或者重命名
代码语言：shell复制bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ pwd
/home/bio09
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ mkdir lidahuang #李大黄的文件夹
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ ls
lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ mkdir test #测试文件夹
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ ls
lidahuang test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ rm test
rm: cannot remove 'test': Is a directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ rmdir test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ ls
lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ rm-rf
rm-rf: command not found
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ rm-rf/
-bash: rm-rf/: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ cd lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ mkdir test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ vi test2.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cd tset
-bash: cd: tset: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cd test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd-
Command 'cd-' not found, did you mean:
command 'cdw' from deb cdw
command 'cdo' from deb cdo
command 'cdi' from deb cdo
command 'cdp' from deb irpas
command 'cd5' from deb cd5
command 'cdb' from deb tinycdb
command 'cdv' from deb codeville
command 'cde' from deb cde
Try: apt install <deb name>
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd -
/home/bio09/lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cd
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ rm test2
rm: cannot remove 'test2': No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ rm test2.txt
rm: cannot remove 'test2.txt': No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ cd test
-bash: cd: test: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ cd lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cd test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ rm test2
rm: cannot remove 'test2': No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd test2
-bash: cd: test2: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ rm test2.txt
rm: cannot remove 'test2.txt': No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cat test2
cat: test2: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ vi test2.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ ls
test2.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ cd test
-bash: cd: test: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ cd lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cd test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ ls
test2.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ rm test2.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ ls
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd lidahuang
-bash: cd: lidahuang: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd-
Command 'cd-' not found, did you mean:
command 'cdb' from deb tinycdb
command 'cd5' from deb cd5
command 'cdo' from deb cdo
command 'cdi' from deb cdo
command 'cdp' from deb irpas
command 'cdv' from deb codeville
command 'cdw' from deb cdw
command 'cde' from deb cde
Try: apt install <deb name>
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd -
/home/bio09/lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ rm test
rm: cannot remove 'test': Is a directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ rmdir test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ vi test.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cat test.txt
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ q
Command 'q' not found, but can be installed with:
snap install q # version 1.6.3-1, or
apt install python-q-text-as-data
apt install python3-q-text-as-data
See 'snap info q' for additional versions.
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cat test.txt
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ head test.txt
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ tail test.txt
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ head -n 3 test.txt
1
1
0
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ tail -n 3 test txt
tail: cannot open 'test' for reading: No such file or directory
tail: cannot open 'txt' for reading: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ tail -n 3 test.txt
1
0
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ mkdir tset
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ ls
test2.txt test.txt tset
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cp tset test
cp: -r not specified; omitting directory 'tset'
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cp tset testt
cp: -r not specified; omitting directory 'tset'
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cp test tset
cp: cannot stat 'test': No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cp test testing
cp: cannot stat 'test': No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cp test.txt testing.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ ls
test2.txt testing.txt test.txt tset
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cpdir test testinging
Command 'cpdir' not found, did you mean:
command 'cdir' from deb cdtool
command 'cpdic' from deb canna-utils
Try: apt install <deb name>
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ mv tset test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ ls
test test2.txt testing.txt test.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ mv test2.txt bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test
mv: cannot move 'test2.txt' to 'bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test': No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ mv test2.txt lidahuang/test
mv: cannot move 'test2.txt' to 'lidahuang/test': No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ pwd
/home/bio09/lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cd test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd-
Command 'cd-' not found, did you mean:
command 'cdo' from deb cdo
command 'cdb' from deb tinycdb
command 'cdv' from deb codeville
command 'cdw' from deb cdw
command 'cd5' from deb cd5
command 'cdi' from deb cdo
command 'cdp' from deb irpas
command 'cde' from deb cde
Try: apt install <deb name>
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd -
/home/bio09/lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cd test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ ls
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ pwd
/home/bio09/lidahuang/test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd -
/home/bio09/lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ ls
test test2.txt testing.txt test.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ mv test2.txt /home/bio09/lidahuang/test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ ls
test testing.txt test.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ cd test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ ls
test2.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ r
ranlib reset rsh
rarp resize2fs rsync
raw resizecons rsyslogd
rbash resizepart rtacct
rcp resize-part-image rtcwake
rdma return rtmon
read rev rtstat
readarray rgrep runcon
readelf rlogin runlevel
readlink rm run-mailcap
readonly rmdir run-one
readprofile rmmod run-one-constantly
realpath rmt run-one-until-failure
reboot rmt-tar run-one-until-success
red rnano run-parts
regdbdump route run-this-one
remove-shell routef runuser
rename.ul routel rview
renice rpcgen rvim
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ ls
ls lsb_release lsinitramfs lslogins lsns lspgpot
lsattr lscpu lsipc lsmem lsof lsusb
lsblk lshw lslocks lsmod lspci
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ ls
lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ cdlidahuang/test
-bash: cdlidahuang/test: No such file or directory
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ cd lidahuang/test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ ls
test2.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang/test$ cd -
/home/bio09
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ ld
ld: no input files
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ ls
lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~$ cd lidahuang
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ la
test testing.txt test.txt
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ lsatter
Command 'lsatter' not found, did you mean:
command 'lsattr' from deb e2fsprogs
Try: apt install <deb name>
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ lsattr
--------------e--- ./test.txt
--------------e--- ./testing.txt
--------------e--- ./test
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 378K 0 rom
vda 252:0 0 40G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1M 0 part
└─vda2 252:2 0 40G 0 part /
bio09@ecm-cefa:~/lidahuang$ （就是思维导图实在用不顺手，还是goodnotes手记比较习惯
