blkid
查看块设备的文件系统类型、LABEL、UUID等信息
补充说明
在Linux下可以使用 blkid
命令对查询设备上所采用文件系统类型进行查询。blkid
主要用来对系统的块设备(包括交换分区)所使用的文件系统类型、LABEL、UUID等信息进行查询。要使用这个命令必须安装 e2fsprogs
软件包。
语法
代码语言:javascript复制blkid -L | -U
blkid [-c <file>] [-ghlLv] [-o <format>] [-s <tag>] [-t <token>] -w <file> [dev...]
blkid -p [-s <tag>] [-O <type>] [-S <size>] [-o <format>]...
blkid -i [-s <tag>] [-o <format>]...
选项
代码语言:javascript复制-c <file> # 指定 cache 文件 (默认: /etc/blkid.tab, /dev/null = none)
-d # don't encode non-printing characters
-h # 显示帮助信息
-g # garbage collect the blkid cache
-o <format> # 指定输出格式
-k # list all known filesystems/RAIDs and exit
-s <tag> # 显示指定信息,默认显示所有信息
-t <token> # find device with a specific token (NAME=value pair)
-l # look up only first device with token specified by -t
-L <label> # convert LABEL to device name
-U <uuid> # convert UUID to device name
-v # 显示版本信息
-w <file> # write cache to different file (/dev/null = no write)
<dev> # specify device(s) to probe (default: all devices)
实例
- 列出当前系统中所有已挂载文件系统的类型:
sudo blkid
- 显示指定设备 UUID:
sudo blkid -s UUID /dev/sda5
- 显示所有设备 UUID:
sudo blkid -s UUID
- 显示指定设备 LABEL:
sudo blkid -s LABEL /dev/sda5
- 显示所有设备 LABEL:
sudo blkid -s LABEL
- 显示所有设备文件系统:
sudo blkid -s TYPE
- 显示所有设备:
sudo blkid -o device
- 以列表方式查看详细信息:
sudo blkid -o list
dmidecode
在Linux系统下获取有关硬件方面的信息
补充说明
dmidecode
命令可以让你在Linux系统下获取有关硬件方面的信息。dmidecode
的作用是将DMI数据库中的信息解码,以可读的文本方式显示。由于DMI信息可以人为修改,因此里面的信息不一定是系统准确的信息。dmidecode
遵循SMBIOS/DMI标准,其输出的信息包括BIOS、系统、主板、处理器、内存、缓存等等。
DMI(Desktop Management Interface,DMI)就是帮助收集电脑系统信息的管理系统,DMI信息的收集必须在严格遵照SMBIOS规范的前提下进行。SMBIOS(System Management BIOS)是主板或系统制造者以标准格式显示产品管理信息所需遵循的统一规范。SMBIOS和DMI是由行业指导机构Desktop Management Task Force(DMTF)起草的开放性的技术标准,其中DMI设计适用于任何的平台和操作系统。
DMI充当了管理工具和系统层之间接口的角色。它建立了标准的可管理系统更加方便了电脑厂商和用户对系统的了解。DMI的主要组成部分是Management Information Format(MIF)数据库。这个数据库包括了所有有关电脑系统和配件的信息。通过DMI,用户可以获取序列号、电脑厂商、串口信息以及其它系统配件信息。
语法
代码语言:javascript复制dmidecode [options]
选项
代码语言:javascript复制-d:(default:/dev/mem)从设备文件读取信息,输出内容与不加参数标准输出相同。
-h:显示帮助信息。
-s:只显示指定DMI字符串的信息。(string)
-t:只显示指定条目的信息。(type)
-u:显示未解码的原始条目内容。
--dump-bin file:将DMI数据转储到一个二进制文件中。
--from-dump FILE:从一个二进制文件读取DMI数据。
-V:显示版本信息。
dmidecode参数string及type列表:
(1)Valid string keywords are:
bios-vendor bios-version bios-release-date system-manufacturer system-product-name system-version system-serial-number system-uuid baseboard-manufacturer baseboard-product-name baseboard-version baseboard-serial-number baseboard-asset-tag chassis-manufacturer chassis-type chassis-version chassis-serial-number chassis-asset-tag processor-family processor-manufacturer processor-version processor-frequency
(2)Valid type keywords are:
bios system baseboard chassis processor memory Cache connector slot
(3)type 全部编码列表:
BIOS System Base Board Chassis Processor Memory Controller Memory Module Cache Port Connector System Slots On Board Devices OEM Strings System Configuration Options BIOS Language Group Associations System Event Log Physical Memory Array Memory Device 32-bit Memory Error Memory Array Mapped Address Memory Device Mapped Address Built-in Pointing Device Portable Battery System Reset Hardware Security System Power Controls Voltage Probe Cooling Device Temperature Probe Electrical Current Probe Out-of-band Remote Access Boot Integrity Services System Boot 64-bit Memory Error Management Device Management Device Component Management Device Threshold Data Memory Channel IPMI Device Power Supply Additional Information Onboard Device
实例
代码语言:javascript复制dmidecode -t 1 # 查看服务器信息
dmidecode | grep 'Product Name' # 查看服务器型号
dmidecode |grep 'Serial Number' # 查看主板的序列号
dmidecode -t 2 # 查看主板信息
dmidecode -s system-serial-number # 查看系统序列号
dmidecode -t memory # 查看内存信息
dmidecode -t 11 # 查看OEM信息
dmidecode -t 17 # 查看内存条数
dmidecode -t 16 # 查询内存信息
dmidecode -t 4 # 查看CPU信息
cat /proc/scsi/scsi # 查看服务器硬盘信息
不带选项执行 dmidecode
命令通常会输出所有的硬件信息。dmidecode
命令有个很有用的选项 -t
,可以按指定类型输出相关信息,假如要获得处理器方面的信息,则可以执行:
[root@localhost ~]# dmidecode -t processor
# dmidecode 2.11
SMBIOS 2.5 present.
Handle 0x0001, DMI type 4, 40 bytes
Processor Information
Socket Designation: Node 1 Socket 1
Type: Central Processor
Family: Xeon MP
Manufacturer: Intel(R) Corporation
id: C2 06 02 00 FF FB EB BF
Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 44, Stepping 2
Flags:
FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip)
VME (Virtual mode extension)
DE (Debugging extension)
PSE (Page size extension)
TSC (time stamp counter)
MSR (Model specific registers)
PAE (Physical address extension)
MCE (Machine check exception)
CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported)
APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported)
SEP (Fast system call)
MTRR (Memory type range registers)
PGE (Page global enable)
MCA (Machine check architecture)
CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported)
PAT (Page attribute table)
PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported)
DS (Debug store)
ACPI (ACPI supported)
MMX (MMX technology supported)
FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported)
SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions)
SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2)
ss (Self-snoop)
HTT (Multi-threading)
TM (Thermal monitor supported)
PBE (Pending break enabled)
Version: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
Voltage: 1.2 V
External Clock: 5866 MHz
Max Speed: 4400 MHz
Current Speed: 2400 MHz
Status: Populated, Enabled
Upgrade: ZIF Socket
L1 Cache Handle: 0x0002
L2 Cache Handle: 0x0003
L3 Cache Handle: 0x0004
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: Not Specified
Core Count: 4
Core Enabled: 4
Thread Count: 8
Characteristics:
64-bit capable
Handle 0x0055, DMI type 4, 40 bytes
Processor Information
Socket Designation: Node 1 Socket 2
Type: Central Processor
Family: Xeon MP
Manufacturer: Not Specified
ID: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Signature: Type 0, Family 0, Model 0, Stepping 0
Flags: None
Version: Not Specified
Voltage: 1.2 V
External Clock: 5866 MHz
Max Speed: 4400 MHz
Current Speed: Unknown
Status: Unpopulated
Upgrade: ZIF Socket
L1 Cache Handle: Not Provided
L2 Cache Handle: Not Provided
L3 Cache Handle: Not Provided
Serial Number: Not Specified
Asset Tag: Not Specified
Part Number: Not Specified
Characteristics: None
查看内存的插槽数,已经使用多少插槽。每条内存多大,已使用内存多大
代码语言:javascript复制dmidecode|grep -P -A5 "Memorys Device"|grep Size|grep -v Range
# Size: 2048 MB
# Size: 2048 MB
# Size: 4096 MB
# Size: No Module Installed
查看内存支持的最大内存容量
代码语言:javascript复制dmidecode|grep -P 'Maximums Capacity'
# Maximum Capacity: 16 GB
查看内存的频率
代码语言:javascript复制dmidecode|grep -A16 "Memory Device"|grep 'Speed'
# Speed: 1333 MHz
# Speed: 1333 MHz
# Speed: 1333 MHz
# Speed: Unknown