Ubuntu: 软件安装包及依赖包下载 (.deb文件）

2024-08-31 12:56:10 浏览数 (1)

在一些没有互联网连接的网络场景中，如果我们需要安装一些必要的工具包，比如 iperf3，net-tools ，openss-server 等，可以提前先准备好离线安装包，拷贝到这些离线安装场景的设备上进行安装

Step1. 查看软件依赖包列表

使用以下命令查看安装 openssh-server 所需的依赖包有哪些

sudo apt-cache depends iperf3

代码语言：bash复制
lijun@lijun-ubuntu:~/Downloads/iperf$ sudo apt-cache depends iperf3
iperf3
  Depends: libc6
  Depends: libiperf0

Step2. 软件安装包下载

使用以下命令可以仅下载软件安装包，下载结果为.deb 文件

sudo apt-get download <package_name>

代码语言：bash复制
lijun@lijun-ubuntu:~/Downloads/iperf$ sudo apt-get download iperf3
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 iperf3 amd64 3.9-1build1 [14.6 kB]
Fetched 14.6 kB in 1s (16.8 kB/s)

Step3. 软件依赖包递归下载

以下命令将下载 iperf3 所有必需的依赖项，并将它们保存在当前工作目录中。此命令还将在errors.txt文件中记录下载过程中所出现的错误。

代码语言：bash复制
for i in $(apt-cache depends iperf3 | grep -E 'Depends|Recommends|Suggests' | cut -d ':' -f 2,3 | sed -e s/'<'/''/ -e s/'>'/''/); do sudo apt-get download $i 2>>errors.txt; done
代码语言：bash复制
lijun@lijun-ubuntu:~/Downloads/test$ for i in $(apt-cache depends iperf3 | grep -E 'Depends|Recommends|Suggests' | cut -d ':' -f 2,3 | sed -e s/'<'/''/ -e s/'>'/''/); do sudo apt-get download $i 2>>errors.txt; done
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 libc6 amd64 2.35-0ubuntu3.1 [3,235 kB]
Fetched 3,235 kB in 3s (1,101 kB/s)
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/universe amd64 libiperf0 amd64 3.9-1build1 [81.5 kB]
Fetched 81.5 kB in 2s (50.9 kB/s)    

lijun@lijun-ubuntu:~/Downloads/test$ ls -lath
total 3.2M
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lijun lijun  386  6月 26 11:28 errors.txt
drwxrwxr-x 2 lijun lijun 4.0K  6月 26 11:28 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 lijun lijun 4.0K  6月 26 11:28 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root  3.1M  7月 12  2022 libc6_2.35-0ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb
-rw-r--r-- 1 root  root   80K 11月 23  2021 libiperf0_3.9-1build1_amd64.deb
lijun@lijun-ubuntu:~/Downloads/test$

Step4. 软件包的打包压缩 和 解压缩 （tar.gz）

打包压缩： tar -zcvf tar-name.tar.gz file-names :

代码语言：bash复制
lijun@lijun-ubuntu:~/Downloads/test$ tar -zcvf iperf3.tar.gz *.deb
iperf3_3.9-1build1_amd64.deb
libc6_2.35-0ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb
libiperf0_3.9-1build1_amd64.deb
libsctp1_1.0.19 dfsg-1build1_amd64.deb
lksctp-tools_1.0.19 dfsg-1build1_amd64.deb

lijun@lijun-ubuntu:~/Downloads/test$ ls | grep *.tar.gz
iperf3.tar.gz

解压缩： tar -zxvf tar-name.tar.gz :

代码语言：bash复制
lijun@lijun-ubuntu:~/Downloads/test$ tar -zxvf iperf3.tar.gz
iperf3_3.9-1build1_amd64.deb
libc6_2.35-0ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb
libiperf0_3.9-1build1_amd64.deb
libsctp1_1.0.19 dfsg-1build1_amd64.deb
lksctp-tools_1.0.19 dfsg-1build1_amd64.deb
lijun@lijun-ubuntu:~/Downloads/test$

Step5. 安装软件包

使用以下命令来一次性安装所有的.deb安装包，如果软件的依赖包很多，一次性安装出错的话，这里可以考虑按照Step1 中的依赖包顺序来安装试下，同时需要按照报错信息尝试递归的安装依赖包本身所需的依赖包，比如

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

代码语言：bash复制
lijun@lijun-ubuntu:~/Downloads/test$ sudo dpkg -i *.deb
(Reading database ... 234250 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack libc6_2.35-0ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libc6:amd64 (2.35-0ubuntu3.1) over (2.35-0ubuntu3.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libiperf0:amd64.
Preparing to unpack libiperf0_3.9-1build1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libiperf0:amd64 (3.9-1build1) ...
Setting up libc6:amd64 (2.35-0ubuntu3.1) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libiperf0:amd64:
 libiperf0:amd64 depends on libsctp1 (>= 1.0.10 dfsg); however:
  Package libsctp1 is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package libiperf0:amd64 (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.1) ...
/sbin/ldconfig.real: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1 is not a symbolic link

Errors were encountered while processing:
 libiperf0:amd64

安装libiperf0依赖包出错，因为缺少其所需的依赖包libsctp1，我们需要先下载安装libsctp1及其所需的依赖包(如果缺少的话)

代码语言：bash复制
lijun@lijun-ubuntu:~/Downloads/test$ sudo apt-get download libsctp1

lijun@lijun-ubuntu:~/Downloads/test$ sudo dpkg -i libsctp1_1.0.19 dfsg-1build1_amd64.deb
(Reading database ... 234285 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack libsctp1_1.0.19 dfsg-1build1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libsctp1:amd64 (1.0.19 dfsg-1build1) over (1.0.19 dfsg-1build1) ...
Setting up libsctp1:amd64 (1.0.19 dfsg-1build1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.1) ...
/sbin/ldconfig.real: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1 is not a symbolic link

然后就可以成功安装依赖包libiperf0了

代码语言：bash复制
lijun@lijun-ubuntu:~/Downloads/test$ sudo dpkg -i libiperf0_3.9-1build1_amd64.deb 
(Reading database ... 234279 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack libiperf0_3.9-1build1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libiperf0:amd64 (3.9-1build1) over (3.9-1build1) ...
Setting up libiperf0:amd64 (3.9-1build1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.1) ...
/sbin/ldconfig.real: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxcb.so.1 is not a symbolic link

最后安装软件安装包：

代码语言：bash复制
lijun@lijun-ubuntu:~/Downloads/test$ sudo dpkg -i iperf3_3.9-1build1_amd64.deb
Selecting previously unselected package iperf3.
(Reading database ... 234279 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack iperf3_3.9-1build1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking iperf3 (3.9-1build1) ...
Setting up iperf3 (3.9-1build1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
lijun@lijun-ubuntu:~/Downloads/test$ iperf3 -s
-----------------------------------------------------------
Server listening on 5201
-----------------------------------------------------------

补充

为特定架构在本地下载具有依赖项的包

上面的命令已经下载了 64 位软件包。这是因为我们是从 64 位 Ubuntu 系统下载的。

如果要下载 32 位系统的软件包，首先，使用以下命令在 Ubuntu 系统中启用您想要的架构：

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

如果不添加架构，则在尝试下载包时将出现以下错误消息：

E: No packages found

启用选择的架构后，运行以下命令下载特定的架构相关包

代码语言：bash复制
for i in $(apt-cache depends python:i386 | grep -E 'Depends|Recommends|Suggests' | cut -d ':' -f 2,3 | sed -e s/'<'/''/ -e s/'>'/''/); do sudo apt-get download $i 2>>errors.txt; done

参考自：

https://blog.csdn.net/zgp210317/article/details/120586189

ubuntu

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