XML实例
TinyXML是一个非常小巧简单的XML解析库，采用DOM方式来解析XML文件。不足的是它本身不支持DTD和XSL，但普通简单的XML使用需求还是可以满足了。
TinyXML由2个头文件四个CPP文件构成。继承结构如下：
- TiXmlBase
- TiXmlAttribute
- TiXmlNode
- TiXmlComment
- TiXmlDeclaration
- TiXmlDocument
- TiXmlElement
- TiXmlText
- TiXmlUnknown
- TiXmlHandle
- TiXmlVisitor
- TiXmlPrinter
要操作XML首先需要加载XML，很简单：
代码语言：javascript复制TiXmlDocument doc( "demo.xml" );
doc.LoadFile(); 一个更加真实的用例如下所示，加载一个XML文件然后显示内容到标准输出上。
代码语言：javascript复制// load the named file and dump its structure to STDOUT
void dump_to_stdout(const char* pFilename)
{
TiXmlDocument doc(pFilename);
bool loadOkay = doc.LoadFile();
if (loadOkay)
{
printf("n%s:n", pFilename);
dump_to_stdout( &doc ); // defined later
}
else
{
printf("Failed to load file "%s"n", pFilename);
}
写个简单的Main函数
int main(void)
{
dump_to_stdout("example1.xml");
return 0;
}
读下面的文件
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<Hello>World</Hello>
输出如下
DECLARATION
ELEMENT Hello
TEXT[World] dump_to_stdout递归遍历输出所有的XML内容，详细实现在本文的末尾。
TinyXML同样可以简单的编程生成一个上面的XML：
代码语言：javascript复制void build_simple_doc( )
{
// Make xml: <?xml ..><Hello>World</Hello>
TiXmlDocument doc;
TiXmlDeclaration * decl = new TiXmlDeclaration( "1.0", "", "" );
TiXmlElement * element = new TiXmlElement( "Hello" );
TiXmlText * text = new TiXmlText( "World" );
element->LinkEndChild( text );
doc.LinkEndChild( decl );
doc.LinkEndChild( element );
doc.SaveFile( "madeByHand.xml" );
} 与其等价的写法：
代码语言：javascript复制void write_simple_doc2( )
{
// same as write_simple_doc1 but add each node
// as early as possible into the tree.
TiXmlDocument doc;
TiXmlDeclaration * decl = new TiXmlDeclaration( "1.0", "", "" );
doc.LinkEndChild( decl );
TiXmlElement * element = new TiXmlElement( "Hello" );
doc.LinkEndChild( element );
TiXmlText * text = new TiXmlText( "World" );
element->LinkEndChild( text );
doc.SaveFile( "madeByHand2.xml" );
} 给定一个节点，设置它的属性也很简单：
代码语言：javascript复制window = new TiXmlElement( "Demo" );
window->SetAttribute("name", "Circle");
window->SetAttribute("x", 5);
window->SetAttribute("y", 15);
window->SetDoubleAttribute("radius", 3.14159); 可以用下面的函数获得元素的所有属性：
代码语言：javascript复制// print all attributes of pElement.
// returns the number of attributes printed
int dump_attribs_to_stdout(TiXmlElement* pElement, unsigned int indent)
{
if ( !pElement ) return 0;
TiXmlAttribute* pAttrib=pElement->FirstAttribute();
int i=0;
int ival;
double dval;
const char* pIndent=getIndent(indent);
printf("n");
while (pAttrib)
{
printf( "%s%s: value=[%s]", pIndent, pAttrib->Name(), pAttrib->Value());
if (pAttrib->QueryIntValue(&ival)==TIXML_SUCCESS) printf( " int=%d", ival);
if (pAttrib->QueryDoubleValue(&dval)==TIXML_SUCCESS) printf( " d=%1.1f", dval);
printf( "n" );
i ;
pAttrib=pAttrib->Next();
}
return i;
} 我们经常通过配置文件来保存程序的一些配置信息。下面给一个实例来用XML加载和保存C 对象。
代码语言：javascript复制#include <string>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
typedef std::map<std::string,std::string> MessageMap;
// a basic window abstraction - demo purposes only
class WindowSettings
{
public:
int x,y,w,h;
string name;
WindowSettings()
: x(0), y(0), w(100), h(100), name("Untitled")
{
}
WindowSettings(int x, int y, int w, int h, const string& name)
{
this->x=x;
this->y=y;
this->w=w;
this->h=h;
this->name=name;
}
};
class ConnectionSettings
{
public:
string ip;
double timeout;
};
class AppSettings
{
public:
string m_name;
MessageMap m_messages;
list<WindowSettings> m_windows;
ConnectionSettings m_connection;
AppSettings() {}
void save(const char* pFilename);
void load(const char* pFilename);
// just to show how to do it
void setDemoValues()
{
m_name="MyApp";
m_messages.clear();
m_messages["Welcome"]="Welcome to " m_name;
m_messages["Farewell"]="Thank you for using " m_name;
m_windows.clear();
m_windows.push_back(WindowSettings(15,15,400,250,"Main"));
m_connection.ip="Unknown";
m_connection.timeout=123.456;
}
}; 类AppSettings提供了保存和加载配置信息的函数save和load。如下代码表示利用缺省的配置保存和加载：
代码语言：javascript复制int main(void)
{
AppSettings settings;
settings.save("appsettings2.xml");
settings.load("appsettings2.xml");
return 0;
} 同样的我们可以运行时修改配置：
代码语言：javascript复制int main(void)
{
// block: customise and save settings
{
AppSettings settings;
settings.m_name="HitchHikerApp";
settings.m_messages["Welcome"]="Don't Panic";
settings.m_messages["Farewell"]="Thanks for all the fish";
settings.m_windows.push_back(WindowSettings(15,25,300,250,"BookFrame"));
settings.m_connection.ip="192.168.0.77";
settings.m_connection.timeout=42.0;
settings.save("appsettings2.xml");
}
// block: load settings
{
AppSettings settings;
settings.load("appsettings2.xml");
printf("%s: %sn", settings.m_name.c_str(),
settings.m_messages["Welcome"].c_str());
WindowSettings & w=settings.m_windows.front();
printf("%s: Show window '%s' at %d,%d (%d x %d)n",
settings.m_name.c_str(), w.name.c_str(), w.x, w.y, w.w, w.h);
printf("%s: %sn", settings.m_name.c_str(), settings.m_messages["Farewell"].c_str());
}
return 0;
} 有很多方法可以保存对象的属性信息，也就是对象的状态信息。下面的实例展示如何将对象的状态编码进XML文件。
代码语言：javascript复制void AppSettings::save(const char* pFilename)
{
TiXmlDocument doc;
TiXmlElement* msg;
TiXmlComment * comment;
string s;
TiXmlDeclaration* decl = new TiXmlDeclaration( "1.0", "", "" );
doc.LinkEndChild( decl );
TiXmlElement * root = new TiXmlElement(m_name.c_str());
doc.LinkEndChild( root );
comment = new TiXmlComment();
s=" Settings for " m_name " ";
comment->SetValue(s.c_str());
root->LinkEndChild( comment );
// block: messages
{
MessageMap::iterator iter;
TiXmlElement * msgs = new TiXmlElement( "Messages" );
root->LinkEndChild( msgs );
for (iter=m_messages.begin(); iter != m_messages.end(); iter )
{
const string & key=(*iter).first;
const string & value=(*iter).second;
msg = new TiXmlElement(key.c_str());
msg->LinkEndChild( new TiXmlText(value.c_str()));
msgs->LinkEndChild( msg );
}
}
// block: windows
{
TiXmlElement * windowsNode = new TiXmlElement( "Windows" );
root->LinkEndChild( windowsNode );
list<WindowSettings>::iterator iter;
for (iter=m_windows.begin(); iter != m_windows.end(); iter )
{
const WindowSettings& w=*iter;
TiXmlElement * window;
window = new TiXmlElement( "Window" );
windowsNode->LinkEndChild( window );
window->SetAttribute("name", w.name.c_str());
window->SetAttribute("x", w.x);
window->SetAttribute("y", w.y);
window->SetAttribute("w", w.w);
window->SetAttribute("h", w.h);
}
}
// block: connection
{
TiXmlElement * cxn = new TiXmlElement( "Connection" );
root->LinkEndChild( cxn );
cxn->SetAttribute("ip", m_connection.ip.c_str());
cxn->SetDoubleAttribute("timeout", m_connection.timeout);
}
doc.SaveFile(pFilename);
} 下面的示例展示如何从XML文件中获得对象的状态信息
代码语言：javascript复制void AppSettings::load(const char* pFilename)
{
TiXmlDocument doc(pFilename);
if (!doc.LoadFile()) return;
TiXmlHandle hDoc(&doc);
TiXmlElement* pElem;
TiXmlHandle hRoot(0);
// block: name
{
pElem=hDoc.FirstChildElement().Element();
// should always have a valid root but handle gracefully if it does
if (!pElem) return;
m_name=pElem->Value();
// save this for later
hRoot=TiXmlHandle(pElem);
}
// block: string table
{
m_messages.clear(); // trash existing table
pElem=hRoot.FirstChild( "Messages" ).FirstChild().Element();
for( pElem; pElem; pElem=pElem->NextSiblingElement())
{
const char *pKey=pElem->Value();
const char *pText=pElem->GetText();
if (pKey && pText)
{
m_messages[pKey]=pText;
}
}
}
// block: windows
{
m_windows.clear(); // trash existing list
TiXmlElement* pWindowNode=hRoot.FirstChild( "Windows" ).FirstChild().Element();
for( pWindowNode; pWindowNode; pWindowNode=pWindowNode->NextSiblingElement())
{
WindowSettings w;
const char *pName=pWindowNode->Attribute("name");
if (pName) w.name=pName;
pWindowNode->QueryIntAttribute("x", &w.x); // If this fails, original value is left as-is
pWindowNode->QueryIntAttribute("y", &w.y);
pWindowNode->QueryIntAttribute("w", &w.w);
pWindowNode->QueryIntAttribute("hh", &w.h);
m_windows.push_back(w);
}
}
// block: connection
{
pElem=hRoot.FirstChild("Connection").Element();
if (pElem)
{
m_connection.ip=pElem->Attribute("ip");
pElem->QueryDoubleAttribute("timeout",&m_connection.timeout);
}
}
}
函数dump_to_stdout如下：#include "stdafx.h"
#include "tinyxml.h"
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// STDOUT dump and indenting utility functions
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
const unsigned int NUM_INDENTS_PER_SPACE=2;
const char * getIndent( unsigned int numIndents )
{
static const char * pINDENT=" ";
static const unsigned int LENGTH=strlen( pINDENT );
unsigned int n=numIndents*NUM_INDENTS_PER_SPACE;
if ( n > LENGTH ) n = LENGTH;
return &pINDENT[ LENGTH-n ];
}
// same as getIndent but no " " at the end
const char * getIndentAlt( unsigned int numIndents )
{
static const char * pINDENT=" ";
static const unsigned int LENGTH=strlen( pINDENT );
unsigned int n=numIndents*NUM_INDENTS_PER_SPACE;
if ( n > LENGTH ) n = LENGTH;
return &pINDENT[ LENGTH-n ];
}
int dump_attribs_to_stdout(TiXmlElement* pElement, unsigned int indent)
{
if ( !pElement ) return 0;
TiXmlAttribute* pAttrib=pElement->FirstAttribute();
int i=0;
int ival;
double dval;
const char* pIndent=getIndent(indent);
printf("n");
while (pAttrib)
{
printf( "%s%s: value=[%s]", pIndent, pAttrib->Name(), pAttrib->Value());
if (pAttrib->QueryIntValue(&ival)==TIXML_SUCCESS) printf( " int=%d", ival);
if (pAttrib->QueryDoubleValue(&dval)==TIXML_SUCCESS) printf( " d=%1.1f", dval);
printf( "n" );
i ;
pAttrib=pAttrib->Next();
}
return i;
}
void dump_to_stdout( TiXmlNode* pParent, unsigned int indent = 0 )
{
if ( !pParent ) return;
TiXmlNode* pChild;
TiXmlText* pText;
int t = pParent->Type();
printf( "%s", getIndent(indent));
int num;
switch ( t )
{
case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_DOCUMENT:
printf( "Document" );
break;
case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_ELEMENT:
printf( "Element [%s]", pParent->Value() );
num=dump_attribs_to_stdout(pParent->ToElement(), indent 1);
switch(num)
{
case 0: printf( " (No attributes)"); break;
case 1: printf( "%s1 attribute", getIndentAlt(indent)); break;
default: printf( "%s%d attributes", getIndentAlt(indent), num); break;
}
break;
case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_COMMENT:
printf( "Comment: [%s]", pParent->Value());
break;
case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_UNKNOWN:
printf( "Unknown" );
break;
case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_TEXT:
pText = pParent->ToText();
printf( "Text: [%s]", pText->Value() );
break;
case TiXmlNode::TINYXML_DECLARATION:
printf( "Declaration" );
break;
default:
break;
}
printf( "n" );
for ( pChild = pParent->FirstChild(); pChild != 0; pChild = pChild->NextSibling())
{
dump_to_stdout( pChild, indent 1 );
}
}
// load the named file and dump its structure to STDOUT
void dump_to_stdout(const char* pFilename)
{
TiXmlDocument doc(pFilename);
bool loadOkay = doc.LoadFile();
if (loadOkay)
{
printf("n%s:n", pFilename);
dump_to_stdout( &doc ); // defined later in the tutorial
}
else
{
printf("Failed to load file "%s"n", pFilename);
}
} 如果你想在MFC中使用TinyXML，会出现这样的编译错误 fatal error C1010: unexpected end of file while looking for precompiled header。因为预编译头文件通过编译stdafx.cpp生成，可以在4个实现CPP文件中引入头#include "stdafx.h"。记得放在最前面。这样就可以编译通过了。
