RabbitMQ系列(四)通信模型之路由模型

2023-07-20 14:53:03 浏览数 (1)

路由模型

RabbitMQ 提供了五种不同的通信模型,上一篇文章《RabbitMQ系列(三)通信模型之发布订阅模型》中,简单的介绍了一下RabbitMQ的发布订阅模型模型。这篇文章来学习一下RabbitMQ中的路由模型(direct)。

路由模型(direct):路由模式相当于是分布订阅模式的升级版,多了一个 路由key来约束队列与交换机的绑定。

在路由模型中,生产者将消息发送到交换机,交换机根据消息的路由键将消息转发到对应的队列中。每个队列可以绑定多个路由键,每个路由键可以绑定到多个队列中。消费者从队列中接收消息并处理。当一个路由键被多个队列绑定时,交换机会将消息发送到所有绑定的队列中。当一个队列绑定多个路由键时,该队列将能够接收到所有路由键对应的消息。

适用场景

路由模型适用于需要点对点通信的场景,例如:

  1. 系统监控告警通知;
  2. 任务分发;
  3. 用户私信系统;
  4. 订单确认通知等。

演示

  1. 生产者
代码语言:javascript复制
// 生产者
public class Producer {
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct_1";
    // 定义路由的key,key值是可以随意定义的
    private static final String EXCHANGE_ROUTING_KEY1 = "direct_km1";
    private static final String EXCHANGE_ROUTING_KEY2 = "direct_km2";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i  ) {
            if (i % 2 == 0) {
                channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_ROUTING_KEY1, null, ("路由模型发送的第 "   i   " 条信息").getBytes());
            } else {
                channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_ROUTING_KEY2, null, ("路由模型发送的第 "   i   " 条信息").getBytes());
            }
        }
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}
  1. 消费者
代码语言:javascript复制
// 消费者1
public class Consumer {
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_direct_1";
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct_1";
    private static final String EXCHANGE_ROUTING_KEY1 = "direct_km1";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_ROUTING_KEY1);
        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("消费者1接收到的消息是:"   new String(body));
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, defaultConsumer);
    }
}
代码语言:javascript复制
// 消费者2
public class Consumer2 {
    private static final String QUEUE_NAME = "queue_direct_2";
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange_direct_1";
    private static final String EXCHANGE_ROUTING_KEY2 = "direct_km2";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null);
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "direct");
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME, EXCHANGE_ROUTING_KEY2);
        DefaultConsumer defaultConsumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                System.out.println("消费者2接收到的消息是:"   new String(body));
            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, defaultConsumer);
    }
}
  1. 测试

先启动2个消费者,再启动生产者

可以得到结果是消费者1得到了序号是偶数的消息

消费者2得到了序号是奇数的消息

小结

本文介绍了 RabbitMQ 通信模型中的路由模型的使用,通过交换机和路由键实现点对点通信,适合于需要点对点通信的场景。在实际使用过程中,需要注意以下两点:

  1. 路由键必须要与消费者绑定队列时的路由键相同,否则无法接收到消息;
  2. 可以通过多个交换机和路由键来实现更灵活的消息路由。

0 人点赞