1. 模式匹配
# 关键字 match 后跟变量名。如果匹配，则将执行 case 块内的语句
# 带有变量的案例(例如:case _: 或 case other:)需要是列表中的最后一个 case。它匹配任何值，其中该值与先前的情况不匹配，并在变量中捕获该值。
代码语言：javascript复制def process(x):
match x:
case 0:
print("What received is zero!")
case [1, 2]:
print("What received is list [1,2]!")
case {'key': 'value'}:
print("What received is dict {'key': 'value'}!")
case float() | int(): # 判断是否是float 或 int
print("float or int!")
case _:
print("Something else is received!")
def process_nested(x):
match x:
case {"name": str_, "age": int_, "scores": [a, b]}:
print("Valid data structure!")
case _:
print("Invalid data structure!")
if __name__ == "__main__":
process([1, 2])
process("x")
process(0)
process(38.6)
process({'key': 'value'})
process_nested({"name": "张三", "age": 28, "scores": [78.0]})
process_nested({"name": "张三", "age": 28, "scores": [78.0, 97]})2. 类型提示和检查
指定函数参数和返回值的类型
代码语言：javascript复制def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:
return a b
def add_(a: int | float, b: int | float) -> float:
return a b
if __name__ == "__main__":
print(add(12, 3.1)) # 这里会提示 Expected type "int", got "float" instead
print(add_(12, 3.1))
