当pod处于crash状态的时候,容器不断重启,此时用kubelet logs可能出现一直捕捉不到日志
解决方法
kubelet previous 参数作用:
代码语言:javascript复制If true, print the logs for the previous instance of the container in a pod if it exists.
单容器 Pod:
代码语言:javascript复制kubectl logs pod-name --previous
多容器 Pod:
代码语言:javascript复制kubectl logs pod-name --previous -c container-name
示例
代码语言:javascript复制NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-7d8b49557c-c2lx9 2/2 Running 5
kubectl logs nginx-7d8b49557c-c2lx9 --previous
Error: xxxxxxxxxxx
核心原理
kubelet实现previous的原理:将pod的日志存放在/var/log/pods/podname,并且是链接文件,链接到docker的容器的日志文件,同时kubelet还会保留上一个容器,同时有一个链接文件链接到pod上一个崩溃的容器的日志文件,使用previous就是查看的这个文件。
查看一个pod:
代码语言:javascript复制ubuntu@~$ kubelet get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 1/1 Running 2394 99d
nginx-deployment-6wlhd 1/1 Running 0 79d
redis 1/1 Running 0 49d
到pod所在node查看kubelet放的两个日志文件:
代码语言:javascript复制 ls /var/log/pods/default_busybox_f72ab71a-5b3b-4ecf-940d-28a5c3b30683/busybox
2393.log 2394.log
数字的含义:
代码语言:javascript复制2393证明是第2393次重启后的日志,2394代表是第2394次重启后的日志
实际这两个日志文件是链接文件,指向了docker的日志文件:
代码语言:javascript复制/busybox# stat 2393.log
File: 2393.log -> /data/kubernetes/docker/containers/68a5b32c9fdb1ad011b32e6252f9cdb759f69d7850e6b7b8591cb4c2bf00bcca/68a5b32c9fdb1ad011b32e6252f9cdb759f69d7850e6b7b8591cb4c2bf00bcca-json.log
Size: 173 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 symbolic link
Device: fc02h/64514d Inode: 529958 Links: 1
Access: (0777/lrwxrwxrwx) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2023-01-31 13:32:03.751514283 0800
Modify: 2023-01-31 13:32:03.039526838 0800
Change: 2023-01-31 13:32:03.039526838 0800
Birth: -
/busybox# stat 2394.log
File: 2394.log -> /data/kubernetes/docker/containers/2ed9ebf0585215602874b076783e12191dbb010116038b8eb4646273ebfe195c/2ed9ebf0585215602874b076783e12191dbb010116038b8eb4646273ebfe195c-json.log
Size: 173 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 symbolic link
Device: fc02h/64514d Inode: 529955 Links: 1
Access: (0777/lrwxrwxrwx) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2023-01-31 14:32:03.991106950 0800
Modify: 2023-01-31 14:32:03.183119308 0800
Change: 2023-01-31 14:32:03.183119308 0800
Birth: -
看到分别指向了这两个容器的日志文件,一个是当前pod里在跑的容器,一个是pod上次跑的容器,现在已经退出了。
代码语言:javascript复制docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2ed9ebf05852 ff4a8eb070e1 "sleep 3600" 24 minutes ago Up 24 minutes k8s_busybox_busybox_default_f72ab71a-5b3b-4ecf-940d-28a5c3b30683_2394
68a5b32c9fdb ff4a8eb070e1 "sleep 3600" About an hour ago Exited (0) 24 minutes ago k8s_busybox_busybox_default_f72ab71a-5b3b-4ecf-940d-28a5c3b30683_2393
原理实际:使用logs的时候读的是当前容器那个文件,使用–previous的时候,读的是上次退出的容器的日志文件,由于kubelet为pod保留了上次退出的容器。
验证:我们手动编辑这两个文件的内容,看kubelet是否读的是这两个文件。
代码语言:javascript复制/busybox# cat 2393.log
{"log":"last crash logsn","stream":"stderr","time":"2022-11-05T08:11:27.31523845Z"}
/busybox# cat 2394.log
{"log":"now pod logn","stream":"stderr","time":"2022-11-05T08:11:27.31523845Z"}
ubuntu@10-234-32-51:~$ k logs busybox --previous
last crash logs
ubuntu@10-234-32-51:~$ k logs busybox
now pod log
由于是链接文件,那么可能实际是从别的地方读的,或者说直接读容器目录下的,由于链接文件我们改了后容器目录下的日志文件也跟着改了,我们直接创建两个文件来做验证:
代码语言:javascript复制ubuntu@:~$ k get pod
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
busybox 1/1 Running 2395 99d
nginx-deployment-6wlhd 1/1 Running 0 79d
redis 1/1 Running 0 49d
/busybox# ls
2394.log 2395.log
/busybox# rm 2394.log 2395.log
我们删除,然后自己创建,这时是regular file,而不是链接文件了:
/busybox# ls
2394.log 2395.log
/busybox# stat 2394.log
File: 2394.log
Size: 100 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: fc02h/64514d Inode: 529965 Links: 1
Access: (0640/-rw-r-----) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2023-01-31 15:42:11.307170422 0800
Modify: 2023-01-31 15:42:07.711225229 0800
Change: 2023-01-31 15:42:07.711225229 0800
Birth: -
/busybox# stat 2395.log
File: 2395.log
Size: 86 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: fc02h/64514d Inode: 529967 Links: 1
Access: (0640/-rw-r-----) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2023-01-31 15:41:17.539989934 0800
Modify: 2023-01-31 15:41:14.348038586 0800
Change: 2023-01-31 15:41:14.352038525 0800
Birth: -
/busybox# cat 2394.log
{"log":"previous logs create by myselfn","stream":"stderr","time":"2022-11-05T08:11:27.31523845Z"}
/busybox# cat 2395.log
{"log":"create by myselfn","stream":"stderr","time":"2022-11-05T08:11:27.31523845Z"}
ubuntu@:~$ k logs busybox
create by myself
ubuntu@10-234-32-51:~$ k logs busybox --previous
previous logs create by myself
结论
kubelet读的是/var/log/pods/下的日志文件,–previous读的也是/var/log/pods/下的日志文件,且专门有个链接文件来指向上一个退出容器的日志文件,以此来获取容器崩溃前的日志