闭包 Closure
闭包的基本使用与简写
- 语法优化
var myClosure:() -> Void = {
print("Hello world")
}
myClosure()
var mySecondClosure:(Int,Int) -> Int = {
(a:Int,b:Int) -> Int in //闭包标准写法
return a*b
}
mySecondClosure = {
(a,b) in //闭包简写,类型自动推导 可以根据参数推断
return a*b
}
mySecondClosure = {
(a,b) in //进一步闭包简写,如果函数体只包含一句 return 代码,可省略 return
a*b
}
mySecondClosure = {
$0 * $1
//再简写:被捕获的参数列表中,含有a、b,下标从0开始,可通过"$"获取。省略参数列表 (a, b)和 关键字 in
}
闭包应用
- 排序
var arr:[Int] = [1,3,5,6,7,2,4,6,8]
arr.sorted() //[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8]
arr.sorted {
$0 > $1 //[8, 7, 6, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
}
代码语言:javascript复制var arr = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
arr.sorted {
return fabs(Float($0-5)) < fabs(Float($1-5)) //离5越近排在越前面 [5, 4, 6, 3, 7, 2, 8, 1, 9, 0, 10]
}
- 遍历
//forEach
var arr2 = [5,6,7,8,9]
arr2.forEach {
print("($0)") //[5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
}
var arr3 = [1,2,3,4]
//filter
arr3.filter {
return $0 > 3 //[4]
}
var arr4 = ["0","1","imagine"]
//map
var num = arr4.map {
Int($0) //[0, 1, nil] 类型转换可能失败,所以返回的是可选型
}
var num2 = arr4.compactMap {
Int($0) //[0, 1] //compactMap : 解包->展开并合并
}
//reduce
var arr5 = [0,1,2]
var sum = arr5.reduce(0) {
return $0 $1 //3
}
闭包作为函数参数
代码语言:javascript复制func handler(_ a: Int, _ b: Int,operation:(Int,Int)->Int) ->Int {
let res = operation(a,b)
return res
}
let multipyClosure = { //实现一个闭包
(a:Int,b:Int) in
a * b
}
handler(2, 3, operation: multipyClosure) //将闭包作为参数传递
捕获
代码语言:javascript复制闭包可以从上下文环境中捕获常量、变量,并在自己的作用域内使用。
//捕获
var num = 3
arr.sorted {
return fabs(Float($0-num)) < fabs(Float($1-num)) //向外层找变量 num
}