Android 10 WebView 踩坑实录

2023-10-08 09:04:45 浏览数 (2)

项目要求支持 8K 高清视频(H265编码)播放,拿到板子后却发现使用 App 可以播放 8K 高清视频,但使用浏览器却不行,即使安装上最新的 Chrome for Android 也不行。根据以往的浏览器内核开发经验,在 Android 平台上,Chromium WebView 最终是调用系统框架层的 MediaPlayer 进行播放。理论上只要系统框架层能够支持 8K 高清播放,那么浏览器应该也支持。实际情况却并非如此,而且 Android 10 预编译 WebView 没任何日志输出,所以需要下载源码编译 Chromium WebView,找出问题所在。

版本选择坑

Chromium 源码更新非常平凡,而且架构也经常变化,不像我们做项目,一套代码恨不得修修补补用上十几年。上一个项目是基于 Chromium V53 进行定制的,这次并不想采用最新的 Chromium 版本,大概浏览了一下最新源码,和 V53 差别太大,以往的定制工作要移植过来相当麻烦。首先想到的是直接使用 V53 的源码,但无法应用到 Android 10 上,主要是 Android 10 的 WebView API 接口发生了一些变化。最终令我放弃的是 Android 10 框架层移除了 HardwareCanvas 类,要知道,在 Android 5.1 中,WebView 中有一个重要的绘制方法:

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public void callDrawGlFunction(Canvas canvas, long nativeDrawGLFunctor) {
    if (!(canvas instanceof HardwareCanvas)) {
        // Canvas#isHardwareAccelerated() is only true for subclasses of HardwareCanvas.
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(canvas.getClass().getName()
                  " is not hardware accelerated");
    }
    ((HardwareCanvas) canvas).callDrawGLFunction2(nativeDrawGLFunctor);
}

不能使用 V53,接下来考虑 Android 10 中预编译的 Chromium Webview 版本,使用 WebView Shell,查看版本号为 74.0.3729.183:

然而,这里有一个巨大的坑。等我费了九牛二虎之力把代码下载下来,把 Chromium WebView 编译出来并安装到系统,结果浏览器启动就崩溃,查看系统日志,有如下错误信息:

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03-05 00:41:09.457  3299  4011 W WebViewUpdater: creating relro file timed out
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory: Chromium WebView package does not exist
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory: android.webkit.WebViewFactory$MissingWebViewPackageException: Failed to load WebView provider: No WebView installed
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at android.webkit.WebViewFactory.getWebViewContextAndSetProvider(WebViewFactory.java:339)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at android.webkit.WebViewFactory.getProviderClass(WebViewFactory.java:402)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at android.webkit.WebViewFactory.getProvider(WebViewFactory.java:252)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at android.webkit.WebView.getFactory(WebView.java:2551)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at android.webkit.WebView.setWebContentsDebuggingEnabled(WebView.java:1974)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at org.chromium.webview_shell.WebViewBrowserActivity.onCreate(WebViewBrowserActivity.java:230)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:7802)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:7791)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1306)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:3245)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:3409)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at android.app.servertransaction.LaunchActivityItem.execute(LaunchActivityItem.java:83)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.executeCallbacks(TransactionExecutor.java:135)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.execute(TransactionExecutor.java:95)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:2016)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:107)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:214)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7368)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:492)
03-05 00:41:09.458 12565 12565 E WebViewFactory:        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:930)
03-05 00:41:09.459 12565 12565 D AndroidRuntime: Shutting down VM

查看了一下框架层代码,一个合格的 WebView Provider,首先其 targetSdk 版本号要大于或等于 29,而查看 chromium v74 源码的 build/config/android/sdk.gni 文件:

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# The default SDK release used by public builds. Value may differ in
# internal builds.
default_android_sdk_release = "p"

# SDK releases against which public builds are supported.
public_sdk_releases = [ "p" ]

Android 10 的代号为 Q,也就是说这个版本的 Chromium WebView 实际上只支持到 Android 9,也不知道 Google 使用了什么魔法。可能是当时 Android 10 在开发过程中,使用了内部的 SDK 进行构建。

这个时候,我还是不想使用最新版本,那就采用正式支持 Android Q 的最早版本吧。方法就是查看这个 sdk.gni 的修改记录,看看哪个提交从 "p" 修改到 "q"。因为代码的分支超级多,必须要查看所有分支的 git 提交:

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$ git log -p  --all -G 'sdk' sdk.gni

查到 commit id 为 c2481863282a401926e0ee479334c68ec362d302 ,接下来查询哪些分支包含这个提交:

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$ git branch -a --contains c2481863282a401926e0ee479334c68ec362d302
  remotes/branch-heads/3967
  remotes/branch-heads/3968
  remotes/branch-heads/3969
  remotes/branch-heads/3970
  remotes/branch-heads/3971
  remotes/branch-heads/3972
  remotes/branch-heads/3973
  remotes/branch-heads/3974
  remotes/branch-heads/3975
  remotes/branch-heads/3976
  remotes/branch-heads/3977
  remotes/branch-heads/3978
  remotes/branch-heads/3979
  remotes/branch-heads/3980
  remotes/branch-heads/3981
  remotes/branch-heads/3982
  remotes/branch-heads/3983
  remotes/branch-heads/3984
  remotes/branch-heads/3985
  remotes/branch-heads/3986
  remotes/branch-heads/3987
  remotes/branch-heads/3987_100
  remotes/branch-heads/3987_137
  remotes/branch-heads/3987_158
  remotes/branch-heads/3987_87
  remotes/branch-heads/3988
  remotes/branch-heads/3989
  remotes/branch-heads/3990
  remotes/branch-heads/3991
  remotes/branch-heads/3992
  remotes/branch-heads/3993
  remotes/branch-heads/3994
  remotes/branch-heads/3995
  remotes/branch-heads/3996
  remotes/branch-heads/3997
  remotes/branch-heads/3998
  remotes/branch-heads/3999
  remotes/branch-heads/4000
  remotes/branch-heads/4001
  remotes/branch-heads/4002
  remotes/branch-heads/4003
  remotes/branch-heads/4004
  remotes/branch-heads/4005
  remotes/branch-heads/4006
  remotes/branch-heads/4007
  remotes/branch-heads/4008
  remotes/branch-heads/4009
  remotes/branch-heads/4010
  remotes/branch-heads/4011
  remotes/branch-heads/4012

包含这个提交的分支非常多,数字越大,表明分支代码越新,所以这里搜索这中间的一个稳定发布版本即可。访问如下链接:

https://chromiumdash.appspot.com/releases?platform=Android

这里包含了所有曾经发布过的版本,最终我选择的是 V80.0.3987.165 。在趟过 代码下载坑、编译坑、安装坑后,终于成功运行起来:

代码下载坑

由于众所周知的原因, Chromium 源码不能直接下载,我是挂了代理进行下载。然而在下载时经常出现如下错误:

代码语言:javascript复制
remote: Counting objects: 867615, done
remote: Finding sources: 100% (10514569/10514569)
error: RPC failed; curl 56 GnuTLS recv error (-9): Error decoding the received TLS packet.
fatal: the remote end hung up unexpectedly
fatal: early EOF
fatal: index-pack failed

Git 没有断点续传机制,下载失败了需要重来,碰到 Chromium 这样的超级大库,下载到十几 G 的时候断掉,想死的心都有。上网查了很多方法都不管用,后来在一个帖子中找到解决方法:

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git config --global http.postBuffer 5242880000
git config --global https.postBuffer 5242880000
sudo ifconfig eth0 mtu 9000

网上的指导一般是将 http.postBuffer 设为一个比较大的值,对于 Chromium 这样单个 git 库超过 30 G 的还是不够,我将缓冲设成 5G 大小,终于不再出错。另外有指导将 MTU 大小设置为 14000,但在 Ubuntu 上无法设成功,我尝试出来的最大值为 9000。

源码 clone 成功后,执行 gclient runhooks 命令又出现如下错误:

代码语言:javascript复制
NOTICE: You have PROXY values set in your environment, but gsutilin depot_tools does not (yet) obey them.
Also, --no_auth prevents the normal BOTO_CONFIG environmentvariable from being used.
To use a proxy in this situation, please supply those settingsin a .boto file pointed to by the NO_AUTH_BOTO_CONFIG environmentvariable.

这是使用了代理的原因,解决的方法很简单,创建一个文本文件(比如 $HOME/.boto),内容为:

代码语言:javascript复制
[boto]
proxy=代理IP
proxy_port=代理端口

然后设置环境变量 NO_AUTH_BOTO_CONFIG 指向这个文件:

代码语言:javascript复制
export NO_AUTH_BOTO_CONFIG=$HOME/.boto

至此,终于解决了源码下载和二进制文件下载的问题。

代码编译坑

编译代码过程中,出现如下错误:

代码语言:javascript复制
FAILED: gen/build/android/buildhooks/build_hooks_android_java.javac.jar gen/build/android/buildhooks/build_hooks_android_java.javac.jar.info 
python ../../build/android/gyp/javac.py --depfile=gen/build/android/buildhooks/build_hooks_android_java__compile_java.d --generated-dir=gen/build/android/buildhooks/build_hooks_android_java/generated_java --jar-path=gen/build/android/buildhooks/build_hooks_android_java.javac.jar --java-srcjars=[] --java-version=1.8 --full-classpath=@FileArg(gen/build/android/buildhooks/build_hooks_android_java.build_config:deps_info:javac_full_classpath) --interface-classpath=@FileArg(gen/build/android/buildhooks/build_hooks_android_java.build_config:deps_info:javac_full_interface_classpath) --processorpath=@FileArg(gen/build/android/buildhooks/build_hooks_android_java.build_config:javac:processor_classpath) --processors=@FileArg(gen/build/android/buildhooks/build_hooks_android_java.build_config:javac:processor_classes) --java-srcjars=@FileArg(gen/build/android/buildhooks/build_hooks_android_java.build_config:deps_info:owned_resource_srcjars) --bootclasspath=@FileArg(gen/build/android/buildhooks/build_hooks_android_java.build_config:android:sdk_interface_jars) --chromium-code=1 --errorprone-path bin/errorprone @gen/build/android/buildhooks/build_hooks_android_java.sources
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "../../build/android/gyp/javac.py", line 595, in <module>
    sys.exit(main(sys.argv[1:]))
  File "../../build/android/gyp/javac.py", line 590, in main
    add_pydeps=False)
  File "/data/chromium/chromium_v74.0.3729.183/src/build/android/gyp/util/build_utils.py", line 653, in CallAndWriteDepfileIfStale
    pass_changes=True)
  File "/data/chromium/chromium_v74.0.3729.183/src/build/android/gyp/util/md5_check.py", line 87, in CallAndRecordIfStale
    function(*args)
  File "/data/chromium/chromium_v74.0.3729.183/src/build/android/gyp/util/build_utils.py", line 638, in on_stale_md5
    function(*args)
  File "../../build/android/gyp/javac.py", line 584, in <lambda>
    lambda: _OnStaleMd5(options, javac_cmd, java_files, classpath),
  File "../../build/android/gyp/javac.py", line 350, in _OnStaleMd5
    stderr_filter=ProcessJavacOutput)
  File "/data/chromium/chromium_v74.0.3729.183/src/build/android/gyp/util/build_utils.py", line 227, in CheckOutput
    raise CalledProcessError(cwd, args, stdout   stderr)
util.build_utils.CalledProcessError: Command failed: ( cd /data/chromium/chromium_v74.0.3729.183/src/out/Default; bin/errorprone -g -encoding UTF-8 -sourcepath : -XepDisableAllChecks -source 1.8 -target 1.8 -Xlint:unchecked -Werror -bootclasspath lib.java/third_party/android_tools/android.interface.jar:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/lib/rt.jar -d /tmp/tmpzNZrEr/classes @/tmp/tmpzNZrEr/files_list.txt )
-Xbootclasspath/p is no longer a supported option.
Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine.
Error: A fatal exception has occurred. Program will exit.

原因是 Ubuntu 20.04 使用的 JDK 版本为 11,但这个版本的 Chromium 编译需要 JDK 8,解决的方法就是将 JDK 切换到 JDK:

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$ java --version
openjdk 11.0.18 2023-01-17
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.18 10-post-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04.1)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.18 10-post-Ubuntu-0ubuntu120.04.1, mixed mode, sharing)
$ sudo update-alternatives --config java
[sudo] password for alex: 
There are 2 choices for the alternative java (providing /usr/bin/java).

  Selection    Path                                            Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java      1111      auto mode
  1            /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64/bin/java      1111      manual mode
  2            /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java   1081      manual mode

Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: 2
update-alternatives: using /usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java to provide /usr/bin/java (java) in manual mode
$ java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_362"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_362-8u362-ga-0ubuntu1~20.04.1-b09)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.362-b09, mixed mode)

JDK 切换后,成功编译出 system_webview_apk。

WebView 安装坑

编译出 system_webview_apk 后进行安装,出现如下错误:

代码语言:javascript复制
Failure [INSTALL_FAILED_UPDATE_INCOMPATIBLE: Package com.android.webview signatures do not match previously installed version; ignoring!]
- Performing Streamed Install

这是由于 Chromium 编译所使用的证书和 Android 10 的 platform 证书不一致导致的。解决这一问题的方法就是将两边的证书弄成一样。

第一步,查看 Android 10 中 weview.apk 的签名信息。使用压缩工具解压出 apk 中的 META-INF/WEBVIEW-.RSA 文件,然后使用如下命令查看签名信息:

代码语言:javascript复制
$ keytool -printcert -file META-INF/WEBVIEW-.RSA

第二步,确定 Android 10 使用的证书。一般使用 build/target/product/security/ 下的证书,也有的产品使用自定义的证书,一般放在 device 下的产品目录。如果确定呢?查看一下证书的签名信息,对得上就是的。

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openssl x509 -in testkey.x509.pem -noout -fingerprint

第三步,导入 keystore。Chromium 中使用的是 Java 应用的比较广的 keystore 格式,所以需要将 Android 10 中的证书导入进来。

代码语言:javascript复制
# 私钥格式 pkcs8 转 PEM
$ openssl pkcs8 -inform DER -nocrypt -in $ANDROID_SOURCE/build/target/product/security/testkey.pk8 -out testkey.pem
# 证书从 PEM 转 pkcs12
$ openssl pkcs12 -export -in $ANDROID_SOURC/build/target/product/security/testkey.x509.pem -inkey testkey.pem -out testkey.p12 -name "android_testkey"
Enter Export Password: (输入密码android,默认是android,如是自己制作的key,输入对应的密码)
Verifying - Enter Export Password: (输入密码android)
# 生成 keystore
$ keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass android -destkeypass android -srckeystore testkey.p12 -srcstoretype pkcs12 -srcstorepass android -destkeystore AOSP.keystore -alias android_testkey

第四步,修改 gn args,使用自己的 keystore,修改 out/Default/args.gn 文件,加入如下行:

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# 假设 AOSP.keystore 文件位于 chromium src 目录下
android_keystore_path = "//AOSP.keystore"
android_keystore_name = "android_testkey"
android_keystore_password = "android"

第五步,重新 build system_webview_apk

代码语言:javascript复制
autoninja -C out/Default system_webview_apk

再次安装,可以成功。

可以预料,后面还会继续踩坑。没办法,只能遇坑填坑,这不就是程序员的工作职责吗?

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