在MySQL中，字符集的概念和编码方案被看做是同义词，一个字符集是一个转换表和一个编码方案的组合。
Unicode（Universal Code）是一种在计算机上使用的字符编码。Unicode 是为了解决传统的字符编码方案的局限而产生的，它为每种语言中的每个字符设定了统一并且唯一的二进制编码，以满足跨语言、跨平台进行文本转换、处理的要求。Unicode存在不同的编码方案，包括Utf-8，Utf-16和Utf-32。Utf表示Unicode Transformation Format。
字符编码 | 字符编码描述 | 字符编码排序 | 长度 |
|---|---|---|---|
armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |
ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 |
big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |
binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 |
cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 |
cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 |
cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |
cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |
cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 |
cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 |
cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 |
cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |
8-Dec | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |
eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |
euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |
gb18030 | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci | 4 |
gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |
gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |
geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 |
greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 |
hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |
hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 |
keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |
koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |
koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 |
latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 |
latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |
latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |
macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 |
macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 |
sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 |
swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |
tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |
ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |
ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 |
utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 |
utf16le | UTF-16LE Unicode | utf16le_general_ci | 4 |
utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 |
utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |
utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci | 4 |
