bean的作用域
①概念
在Spring中可以通过配置bean标签的scope属性来指定bean的作用域范围,各取值含义参加下表:
取值 | 含义 | 创建对象的时机 |
---|---|---|
singleton(默认) | 在IOC容器中,这个bean的对象始终为单实例 | IOC容器初始化时 |
prototype | 这个bean在IOC容器中有多个实例 | 获取bean时 |
如果是在WebApplicationContext环境下还会有另外几个作用域(但不常用):
取值 | 含义 |
---|---|
request | 在一个请求范围内有效 |
session | 在一个会话范围内有效 |
②创建类User
代码语言:javascript复制public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer age;
public User() {
}
public User(Integer id, String username, String password, Integer age) {
this.id = id;
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.age = age;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{"
"id=" id
", username='" username '''
", password='" password '''
", age=" age
'}';
}
}
③配置bean
代码语言:javascript复制<!-- scope属性:取值singleton(默认值),bean在IOC容器中只有一个实例,IOC容器初始化时创建对象 -->
<!-- scope属性:取值prototype,bean在IOC容器中可以有多个实例,getBean()时创建对象 -->
<bean class="com.atguigu.spring6.bean.User" scope="prototype"></bean>
④测试
代码语言:javascript复制@Test
public void testBeanScope(){
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-scope.xml");
User user1 = ac.getBean(User.class);
User user2 = ac.getBean(User.class);
System.out.println(user1==user2);
}
bean生命周期
①具体的生命周期过程
- bean对象创建(调用无参构造器)
- 给bean对象设置属性
- bean的后置处理器(初始化之前)
- bean对象初始化(需在配置bean时指定初始化方法)
- bean的后置处理器(初始化之后)
- bean对象就绪可以使用
- bean对象销毁(需在配置bean时指定销毁方法)
- IOC容器关闭
②修改类User
代码语言:javascript复制public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer age;
public User() {
System.out.println("生命周期:1、创建对象");
}
public User(Integer id, String username, String password, Integer age) {
this.id = id;
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.age = age;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
System.out.println("生命周期:2、依赖注入");
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void initMethod(){
System.out.println("生命周期:3、初始化");
}
public void destroyMethod(){
System.out.println("生命周期:5、销毁");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{"
"id=" id
", username='" username '''
", password='" password '''
", age=" age
'}';
}
}
注意其中的initMethod()和destroyMethod(),可以通过配置bean指定为初始化和销毁的方法
③配置bean
代码语言:javascript复制<!-- 使用init-method属性指定初始化方法 -->
<!-- 使用destroy-method属性指定销毁方法 -->
<bean class="com.atguigu.spring6.bean.User" scope="prototype" init-method="initMethod" destroy-method="destroyMethod">
<property name="id" value="1001"></property>
<property name="username" value="admin"></property>
<property name="password" value="123456"></property>
<property name="age" value="23"></property>
</bean>
④测试
代码语言:javascript复制@Test
public void testLife(){
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-lifecycle.xml");
User bean = ac.getBean(User.class);
System.out.println("生命周期:4、通过IOC容器获取bean并使用");
ac.close();
}
⑤bean的后置处理器
bean的后置处理器会在生命周期的初始化前后添加额外的操作,需要实现BeanPostProcessor接口,且配置到IOC容器中,需要注意的是,bean后置处理器不是单独针对某一个bean生效,而是针对IOC容器中所有bean都会执行
创建bean的后置处理器:
代码语言:javascript复制public class MyBeanProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("☆☆☆" beanName " = " bean);
return bean;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("★★★" beanName " = " bean);
return bean;
}
}
在IOC容器中配置后置处理器:
代码语言:javascript复制<!-- bean的后置处理器要放入IOC容器才能生效 -->
<bean id="myBeanProcessor" class="com.atguigu.spring6.process.MyBeanProcessor"/>