1 touchesBegan手势
iPhone中处理触摸屏的操作，在3.2之前是主要使用的是由UIResponder而来的如下4种方式：
- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
但是这种方式甄别不同的手势操作实在是麻烦，需要你自己计算做不同的手势分辨。后来，苹果就给出了一个比较简便的方式，就是使用UIGestureRecognizer。
2 UIGestureRecognizer
iOS系统在3.2以后，为方便开发这使用一些常用的手势，提供了UIGestureRecognizer类。手势识别UIGestureRecognizer类是个抽象类，下面的子类是具体的手势，开发这可以直接使用这些手势识别。
UITapGestureRecognizer
UIPinchGestureRecognizer
UIRotationGestureRecognizer
UISwipeGestureRecognizer
UIPanGestureRecognizer
UILongPressGestureRecognizer
上面的手势对应的操作是：
Tap(点一下)
Pinch(二指往內或往外拨动，平时经常用到的缩放)
Rotation(旋转)
Swipe(滑动，快速移动)
Pan (拖移，慢速移动)
LongPress(长按)
UIGestureRecognizer的继承关系如下：
2.1 使用手势的步骤
使用手势很简单，分为两步：
创建手势实例。当创建手势时，指定一个回调方法，当手势开始，改变、或结束时，回调方法被调用。
添加到需要识别的View中。每个手势只对应一个View，当屏幕触摸在View的边界内时，如果手势和预定的一样，那就会回调方法。
ps：一个手势只能对应一个View，但是一个View可以有多个手势。
建议在真机上运行这些手势,模拟器操作不太方便，可能导致你认为手势失效。
2.2 Pan 拖动手势
UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage: [UIImage imageNamed: @"snake.png"]];
snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);
UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget: self action: @selector(handlePan:)];
[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer: panGestureRecognizer];
[self.view setBackgroundColor: [UIColor whiteColor]];
[self.view addSubview: snakeImageView];
新建一个ImageView，然后添加手势
回调方法：
- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
{
CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];
recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x translation.x, recognizer.view.center.y translation.y);
[recognizer setTranslation: CGPointZero inView: self.view];
}
2.3 Pinch缩放手势
UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget: self action: @selector(handlePinch:)];
[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer: pinchGestureRecognizer];
UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget: self action: @selector(handlePinch:)];
[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer: pinchGestureRecognizer];
- (void) handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
{
recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale);
recognizer.scale = 1;
}
- (void) handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
{
recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale);
recognizer.scale = 1;
}
2.4 Rotation旋转手势
UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget: self action: @selector(handleRotate:)];
[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer: rotateRecognizer];
UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget: self action: @selector(handleRotate:)];
[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer: rotateRecognizer];
- (void) handleRotate: (UIRotationGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
{
recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation);
recognizer.rotation = 0;
}
- (void) handleRotate:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
{
recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation);
recognizer.rotation = 0;
}
添加了这几个手势后，运行看效果，程序中的imageView放了一条蛇的图片，在模拟器上拖动是没问题的。缩放和旋转有点问题，估计是因为在模拟器上的模拟的两个接触点距离在imageView的边界外了，所以操作无效果。建议在真机上运行这个手势。
在模拟器上缩放和选择的操作技巧：
可以把imageView的frame值设置大一点，按住alt键，按下触摸板(不按下不行)，这样就可以旋转和缩放了。
2.5 添加第二个ImagView并添加手势
记住：一个手势只能添加到一个View，两个View当然要有两个手势的实例了
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];
UIImageView *dragonImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"dragon.png"]];
snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 100, 160);
dragonImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);
[self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];
[self.view addSubview:dragonImageView];
for (UIView *view in self.view.subviews) {
UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget: self action: @selector(handlePan:)];
UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget: self action: @selector(handlePinch:)];
UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget: self action: @selector(handleRotate:)];
[view addGestureRecognizer: panGestureRecognizer];
[view addGestureRecognizer: pinchGestureRecognizer];
[view addGestureRecognizer: rotateRecognizer];
[view setUserInteractionEnabled: YES];
}
[self.view setBackgroundColor: [UIColor whiteColor]];
}
多添加了一条龙的view，两个view都能接收上面的三种手势。运行效果如下：
2.6 拖动(pan手势)速度(以较快的速度拖放后view有滑行的效果)
如何实现呢？
监视手势是否结束
监视触摸的速度
- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer
{
CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView: self.view];
recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x translation.x, recognizer.view.center.y translation.y);
[recognizer setTranslation: CGPointZero inView: self.view];
if(recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {
CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView: self.view];
CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) (velocity.y * velocity.y));
CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200;
NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult);
floatslideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult; // Increase for more of a slide
CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x (velocity.x * slideFactor), recognizer.view.center.y (velocity.y * slideFactor));
finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, 0), self.view.bounds.size.width);
finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, 0), self.view.bounds.size.height);
[UIView animateWithDuration: slideFactor * 2 delay: 0 options: UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut animations:^{
recognizer.view.center = finalPoint;
} completion: nil];
}
}
代码实现解析：
计算速度向量的长度(估计大部分都忘了)这些知识了。
如果速度向量小于200，那就会得到一个小于的小数，那么滑行会很短；
基于速度和速度因素计算一个终点；
确保终点不会跑出父View的边界；
使用UIView动画使view滑动到终点；
运行后，快速拖动图像view放开会看到view还会在原来的方向滑行一段路。
2.7 同时触发两个view的手势
手势之间是互斥的，如果你想同时触发蛇和龙的view，那么需要实现协议UIGestureRecognizerDelegate，
@interface ViewController : UIViewController
@end
@interface ViewController : UIViewController
@end
并在协议这个方法里返回YES。
-(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer
{
return YES;
}
-(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *) otherGestureRecognizer
{
return YES;
}
把self作为代理设置给手势：
panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;
pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;
rotateRecognizer.delegate = self;
panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;
pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;
rotateRecognizer.delegate = self;
这样可以同时拖动或旋转缩放两个view了。
2.8 tap点击手势
这里为了方便看到tap的效果，当点击一下屏幕时，播放一个声音。
为了播放声音，我们加入AVFoundation.framework这个框架。
- (AVAudioPlayer *)loadWav:(NSString *)filename {
NSURL * url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"wav"];
NSError * error;
AVAudioPlayer * player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:&error];
if (!player) {
NSLog(@"Error loading %@: %@", url, error.localizedDescription);
} else {
[player prepareToPlay];
}
return player;
}
我会在最后例子代码给出完整代码，添加手势的步骤和前面一样的。
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
@interface ViewController : UIViewController
@property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * chompPlayer;
@property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * hehePlayer;
@end
- (void) handleTap: (UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {
[self.chompPlayer play];
}
运行，点一下某个图，就会播放一个咬东西的声音。
不过这个点击播放声音有点缺陷，就是在慢慢拖动的时候也会播放。这使得两个手势重合了。怎么解决呢？使用手势的：requireGestureRecognizerToFail方法。
2.9 手势的依赖性
在viewDidLoad的循环里添加这段代码：
[tapRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:panGestureRecognizer];
意思就是，当如果pan手势失败，就是没发生拖动，才会出发tap手势。这样如果你有轻微的拖动，那就是pan手势发生了。tap的声音就不会发出来了。
2.10 自定义手势
自定义手势继承：UIGestureRecognizer，实现下面的方法：
– touchesBegan:withEvent:
– touchesMoved:withEvent:
– touchesEnded:withEvent:
- touchesCancelled:withEvent:
新建一个类，继承UIGestureRecognizer，代码如下：
.h文件
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
typedef enum {
DirectionUnknown = 0,
DirectionLeft,
DirectionRight
} Direction;
@interface HappyGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer
@property (assign) int tickleCount;
@property (assign) CGPoint curTickleStart;
@property (assign) Direction lastDirection;
@end
.m文件
#import "HappyGestureRecognizer.h"
#import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>
#define REQUIRED_TICKLES 2
#define MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE 25
@implementation HappyGestureRecognizer
- (void) touchesBegan: (NSSet *)touches withEvent: (UIEvent *)event {
UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];
self.curTickleStart = [touch locationInView: self.view];
}
- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
// Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart
UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];
CGPoint ticklePoint = [touch locationInView: self.view];
CGFloat moveAmt = ticklePoint.x - self.curTickleStart.x;
Direction curDirection;
if (moveAmt < 0) {
curDirection = DirectionLeft;
} else {
curDirection = DirectionRight;
}
if (ABS(moveAmt) < MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE) return;
//确认方向改变了
if (self.lastDirection == DirectionUnknown || (self.lastDirection == DirectionLeft && curDirection == DirectionRight) || (self.lastDirection == DirectionRight && curDirection == DirectionLeft)) {
//挠痒次数
self.tickleCount ;
self.curTickleStart = ticklePoint;
self.lastDirection = curDirection;
//一旦挠痒次数超过指定数，设置手势为结束状态
//这样回调函数会被调用。
if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && self.tickleCount > REQUIRED_TICKLES) {
[self setState: UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded];
}
}
}
- (void) reset {
self.tickleCount = 0;
self.curTickleStart = CGPointZero;
self.lastDirection = DirectionUnknown;
if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {
[self setState: UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed];
}
}
- (void)touchesEnded: (NSSet *)touches withEvent: (UIEvent *)event
{
[self reset];
}
- (void)touchesCancelled: (NSSet *)touches withEvent: (UIEvent *)event
{
[self reset];
}
@end
调用自定义手势和上面一样，回到这样写：
- (void) handleHappy: (HappyGestureRecognizer *)recognizer{
[self.hehePlayer play];
}
手势成功后播放呵呵笑的声音。在真机上运行，按住某个view，快速左右拖动，就会发出笑的声音了。
代码解析：
先获取起始坐标：curTickleStart
通过和ticklePoint的x值对比，得出当前的放下是向左还是向右。再算出移动的x的值是否比MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE距离大，如果太则返回。
再判断是否有三次是不同方向的动作，如果是则手势结束，回调。
参考：http://www.raywenderlich.com/6567/uigesturerecognizer-tutorial-in-ios-5-pinches-pans-and-more
例子代码：http://download.csdn.net/detail/totogo2010/5094059
容芳志 (http://blog.csdn.net/totogo2010)
3 手势相关事件方法
UIView关于手势的方法：
-(void) addGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer 增加一个手势。
-(void) removeGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)getureRecognizer 删除一个手势。
-(BOOL) gestureRecognizerShouldBegan:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer 询问是否开始执行该手势，默认返回YES。
手势相比触碰事件的好处是可以直接使用已经定义好的手势，开发者不用自己计算手指移动轨迹。
UIGestureRecognizer是一个手势基类，提供了简单的手势实现方式。衍生类如下：
UITabGestureRecognizer 轻击手势
UIPinchGestureRecognizer 捏合手势
UIRotationGestureRecognizer 旋转手势
UISwipeGestureRecognizer 轻扫手势
UIPanGestureRecognizer 拖拽手势
UILongPressGestrueRecognizer 长按手势
UIGestureRecognizer主要方法：
-(id) initWithTarget:action:初始化方法
-(void)addTarget:action:
-(void)removeTarget:action:
主要属性：
UIGestureRecognizerState state 手势识别当前状态
有以下几种情况：
UIGestureRecognizerStatePossibel, 未识别状态
UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan, 手势开始
UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged, 手势改变
UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded, 手势结束
UIGestureRecognizerStateFailured 手势失败，被其他事件中断。
UITabGestureRecognizer 轻击手势任意手指任意次数的点击
属性：
numberOfTapsRequired 点击次数
numberOfTouchesRequired 手指个数
UIPinchGestureRecognizer 捏合或者扩张手势
属性：
scale：初始值为1，两手指距离减少则scale不断变小；两个手指重合则变为0；
velocity：初始值为0，手指移动的相对速度，两手指距离减少为负数，速度越快数值越少；两手指距离变大为整数，速度越快数值越大。
UIRotationGestureRecognizer 旋转手势
属性：
rotation：初始值为0，两手指的旋转弧度，顺时针旋转为正数，逆时针旋转为负数。
velocity：初始值为0手指一动的相对速度，顺时针为正数越快值越大；逆时针为负越快越小。
UISwipGestureRecognizer 轻扫手势，一个手势只能指定一个方向，如果需要指定多个方向需要多个手势
属性：
numberOfTouchesRequired： 手指个数
direction：手势方向，如UISwipeGestureRecognizerDirectionRight向右
UIPanGestureRecognizer： 拖拽手势，相比轻扫手势，手指与屏幕的交互时间更长。
属性：
mininumNumberOfTouches：默认值为1，最少手指数量
maxnumNumberOfTouches：最大手指数量
UILongPressGestrueRecognizer： 长按手势。
属性：
numberOfTapsRequired：默认值为0，轻击的次数。
numberOfTouchesRequired：默认值是1，手指数量。
mininumPressDuration：默认值为0.5，单位是秒。
allowableMovement：默认值为10，单位是像素。
4 开发技巧
4.1 要注意的问题
4.1.1 手势尽量不要全屏幕使用，以防截留其他事件
添加手势后，手势响应事件是第一响应者，所以稍不注意，就容易截掉其他事件的响应。最好是，那一块需要手势，就用到哪一块；实在不行，记得取得响应后，把事件继续往事件响应链后面传递。
5 参考链接
iOS触摸事件处理
http://www.cnblogs.com/Quains/p/3369132.html
IOS中Touch事件传递
http://www.xnwai.com/2012/11/ios-touch-event-delivery.html
IOS应用事件的传递分析
http://blog.csdn.net/linux_zkf/article/details/7797881
IOS事件传递说明
http://blog.csdn.net/a15950711997/article/details/39369587
iOS开发UI篇—事件传递
http://www.cnblogs.com/wendingding/p/3795167.html
Responder Chain(ios事件传递)
http://blog.csdn.net/yongyinmg/article/details/19616527
