Exadata环境巡检需要执行专有的exachk，而普通Oracle环境可以通过执行orachk来检查集群和数据库相关健康状况。
1.使用orachk检查健康状态
使用root用户执行，期间可能需要多次输入另外节点的root密码，准备好密码正确输入即可：
代码语言：javascript复制[root@db01rac1 ~]# orachk
This version of AHF is older than 180 days and you should upgrade AHF using ahfctl upgrade.
Clusterware stack is running from /u01/app/19.3.0/grid. Is this the correct Clusterware Home?[y/n][y]
root@db01rac2's password:
root@db01rac2's password:
Searching for running databases . . . . .
. .
List of running databases registered in OCR
1. demorac
2. None of above
Select databases from list for checking best practices. For multiple databases, select 1 for All or comma separated number like 1,2 etc [1-2][1].
. . . . . .
Either Cluster Verification Utility pack (cvupack) does not exist at /opt/oracle.ahf/common/cvu or it is an old or invalid cvupack
Checking Cluster Verification Utility (CVU) version at CRS Home - /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
This version of Cluster Verification Utility (CVU) was released on 10-Jul-2022 and it is older than 180 days. It is highly recommended that you download the latest version of CVU from MOS patch 30839369 to ensure the highest level of accuracy of the data contained within the report
Do you want to download latest version of Cluster Verification Utility (CVU) from my oracle support? [y/n] [y] n
Running older version of Cluster Verification Utility (CVU) from CRS Home - /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
Starting to run orachk in background on db01rac2 using socket
root@db01rac2's password:
root@db01rac2's password:
This version of AHF is older than 180 days and you should upgrade AHF using ahfctl upgrade.
.
. . . .
. .
Checking Status of Oracle Software Stack - Clusterware, ASM, RDBMS on db01rac1
. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Stack Status
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Host Name CRS Installed RDBMS Installed CRS UP ASM UP RDBMS UP DB Instance Name
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
db01rac1 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes jydb1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
. . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
*** Checking Best Practice Recommendations ( Pass / Warning / Fail ) ***
.
Collections and audit checks log file is
/u01/app/grid/oracle.ahf/data/db01rac1/orachk/user_root/output/orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130/log/orachk.log
============================================================
Node name - db01rac1
============================================================
. . . . . .
Collecting - ASM Disk Groups
Collecting - ASM Disk I/O stats
Collecting - ASM Diskgroup Attributes
Collecting - ASM disk partnership imbalance
Collecting - ASM diskgroup attributes
Collecting - ASM diskgroup usable free space
Collecting - ASM initialization parameters
Collecting - Database Parameters for demorac database
Collecting - Files not opened by ASM
Collecting - List of active logon and logoff triggers for demorac database
Collecting - Percentage of asm disk Imbalance
Collecting - Testing
Collecting - /proc/cmdline
Collecting - /proc/modules
Collecting - CPU Information
Collecting - CRS active version
Collecting - CRS oifcfg
Collecting - CRS software version
Collecting - CSS Reboot time
Collecting - Cluster interconnect (clusterware)
Collecting - Clusterware OCR healthcheck
Collecting - Clusterware Resource Status
Collecting - Disk I/O Scheduler on Linux
Collecting - DiskFree Information
Collecting - DiskMount Information
Collecting - Huge pages configuration
Collecting - Interconnect network card speed
Collecting - Kernel parameters
Collecting - Linux module config.
Collecting - Maximum number of semaphore sets on system
Collecting - Maximum number of semaphores on system
Collecting - Maximum number of semaphores per semaphore set
Collecting - Memory Information
Collecting - NUMA Configuration
Collecting - Network Interface Configuration
Collecting - Network Performance
Collecting - Network Service Switch
Collecting - OS Packages
Collecting - OS version
Collecting - Operating system release information and kernel version
Collecting - Oracle executable attributes
Collecting - Patches for Grid Infrastructure
Collecting - Patches for RDBMS Home
Collecting - RDBMS and GRID software owner UID across cluster
Collecting - Shared memory segments
Collecting - Table of file system defaults
Collecting - Voting disks (clusterware)
Collecting - number of semaphore operations per semop system call
Collecting - CHMAnalyzer to report potential Operating system resources usage
Collecting - CRS Opatch version
Collecting - CRS user time zone check
Collecting - Custom rc init scripts (rc.local)
Collecting - Disk Information
Collecting - Grid Infastructure user shell limits configuration
Collecting - Interconnect interface config
Collecting - Network interface stats
Collecting - Root user limits
Collecting - Verify ORAchk scheduler configuration
Collecting - Verify TCP Selective Acknowledgement is enabled
Collecting - Verify no database server kernel out of memory errors
Collecting - Verify the vm.min_free_kbytes configuration
Collecting - root time zone check
Collecting - slabinfo
Collecting - umask setting for GI owner
Data collections completed. Checking best practices on db01rac1.
------------------------------------------------------------
INFO => Important Automatic Storage Management (ASM) Notes and Technical White Papers
INFO => Oracle Data Pump Best practices.
WARNING => Linux swap configuration does not meet recommendation
INFO => Most recent ADR incidents for /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
INFO => Oracle GoldenGate failure prevention best practices
WARNING => OCR and OCR backup locations are the same path
FAIL => The vm.min_free_kbytes configuration is not set as recommended
CRITICAL => The RMAN snapshot control file location is not shared on all database nodes in the cluster for demorac
INFO => $CRS_HOME/log/hostname/client directory has too many older log files.
CRITICAL => ORAchk scheduler is not configured correctly
WARNING => Package compat-libstdc -33-3.2.3-61-x86_64 is recommended but not installed
INFO => Important Storage Minimum Requirements for Grid & Database Homes
CRITICAL => Operating system hugepages count does not satisfy total SGA requirements
WARNING => NIC bonding is not configured for interconnect
WARNING => NIC bonding is NOT configured for public network (VIP)
WARNING => RAC interconnect network card speed does not meet recommendation
INFO => Cluster health analyzer (CHA) is not configured as recommended
FAIL => system service rngd is not running
WARNING => OSWatcher is not running as is recommended.
INFO => Jumbo frames (MTU >= 9000) are not configured for interconnect
WARNING => NTP is not running with correct setting
WARNING => All disk groups should have compatible.rdbms attribute set to recommended values
WARNING => All disk groups should have compatible.advm attribute set to recommended values
FAIL => Database parameter DB_LOST_WRITE_PROTECT is not set to recommended value on jydb1 instance
FAIL => Database parameter DB_BLOCK_CHECKING on STANDBY is NOT set to the recommended value. for demorac
FAIL => Flashback on STANDBY is not configured for demorac
INFO => Operational Best Practices
INFO => Database Consolidation Best Practices
INFO => Computer failure prevention best practices
INFO => Data corruption prevention best practices
INFO => Logical corruption prevention best practices
INFO => Database/Cluster/Site failure prevention best practices
INFO => Client failover operational best practices
WARNING => fast_start_mttr_target should be greater than or equal to 300 on jydb1 instance
FAIL => Standby redo logs should be configured on the standby for demorac
WARNING => Oracle patch 26749785 is not applied on RDBMS_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
WARNING => Oracle patch 29259068 is not applied on RDBMS_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
INFO => Information about hanganalyze and systemstate dump
FAIL => Database control files are not configured as recommended for demorac
WARNING => Oracle patch 28907129 is not applied on RDBMS_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
INFO => While initialization parameter LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG is set it should be verified for your environment on Standby Database for demorac
WARNING => Redo log files should be appropriately sized for demorac
INFO => Database failure prevention best practices
WARNING => Perl Patch 33912872 is not found in 19c RDBMS_HOME. /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
WARNING => Perl Patch 33912872 is not found in 19c CRS_HOME. /u01/app/19.3.0/grid
WARNING => Oracle patch 32043701 is not applied on RDBMS_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
WARNING => Oracle patch 31211220 is not applied on RDBMS_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/db_1
WARNING => TFA Collector is either not installed or not running
CRITICAL => Linux transparent huge pages are enabled
FAIL => Listener(s) running under GI Home are not healthy
FAIL => FRA space management problem file types are present without an RMAN backup completion within the last 7 days for demorac
INFO => Oracle recovery manager(rman) best practices
INFO => Database feature usage statistics for demorac
WARNING => Linux Disk I/O Scheduler should be configured to Deadline
------------------------------------------------------------
CLUSTERWIDE CHECKS
------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
Detailed report (html) - /u01/app/grid/oracle.ahf/data/db01rac1/orachk/user_root/output/orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130/orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130.html
root@db01rac2's password:
root@db01rac2's password:
UPLOAD [if required] - /u01/app/grid/oracle.ahf/data/db01rac1/orachk/user_root/output/orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130.zip2.拷贝结果文件
orachk执行完成之后，会在最后提示你，具体生成了哪些相关文件，供你进一步分析。
可以看到，生成的完整压缩包有100多M，如果用户环境传输大文件困难，其实也可以只拷贝html报告结果（这里有30M，压缩完只有7M不到）：
代码语言：javascript复制[root@db01rac1 ~]# ls -lrth /u01/app/grid/oracle.ahf/data/db01rac1/orachk/user_root/output/orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130.zip
-r--r----- 1 root root 111M Apr 6 23:53 /u01/app/grid/oracle.ahf/data/db01rac1/orachk/user_root/output/orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130.zip
[root@db01rac1 ~]# ls -lrth /u01/app/grid/oracle.ahf/data/db01rac1/orachk/user_root/output/orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130/orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130.html
-rw-r----- 1 root dba 30M Apr 6 23:53 /u01/app/grid/oracle.ahf/data/db01rac1/orachk/user_root/output/orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130/orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130.html
[root@db01rac1 ~]#
[root@db01rac1 ~]# cp /u01/app/grid/oracle.ahf/data/db01rac1/orachk/user_root/output/orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130/orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130.html /tmp/
[root@db01rac1 ~]# cd /tmp
[root@db01rac1 tmp]# ls -lrth orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130.html
-rw-r----- 1 root root 30M Apr 7 00:07 orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130.html
[root@db01rac1 tmp]# tar zcvf orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130.tar.gz orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130.html
orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130.html
[root@db01rac1 tmp]# ls -lrth orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130*
-rw-r----- 1 root root 30M Apr 7 00:07 orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6.5M Apr 7 00:08 orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130.tar.gz
[root@db01rac1 tmp]# cp orachk_db01rac1_demorac_040623_234130.tar.gz /public/3.分析生成的html报告
报告类似如下，实际报告内容很多，html展示也很清晰，这里只截取部分文字内容示例：
代码语言：javascript复制Oracle RAC Assessment Report
System Health Score is 88 out of 100 (detail)
OS Check Linux transparent huge pages are enabled All Database Servers
OS Check Operating system hugepages count does not satisfy total SGA requirements All Database Servers
Database Check The RMAN snapshot control file location is not shared on all database nodes in the cluster All Databases View
...
