Python爬虫-selenium

2023-05-12 15:06:23 浏览数 (1)

对于python爬虫的相关知识之前分享了很多,这回来说说如何利用selenium自动化获取网页信息。通常对于异步加载的网页,我们需要查找网页的真正请求,并且去构造请求参数,最后才能得到真正的请求网址。而利用selenium通过模拟浏览器操作,则无需去考虑那么多,做到可见即可爬。当然带来便捷的同时,也有着不利,比如说时间上会有所增加,效率降低。可是对于业余爬虫而言,更快的爬取,并不是那么的重要。

首先在电脑的PyCharm上安装selenium,然后下载与电脑上谷歌浏览器相对应版本的ChromeDriver。项目目标以针对京东商城笔记本的网页进行分析,这回只要在网页源码上分析,就可以获取笔记本价格、标题、评论数、商家名称、商家性质。

像京东这样的电商网站,反爬技术会更严,我们在访问的过程不能直接爬取,特别是在针对限制IP访问这方面做的更严,所以这里我们在做了反爬措施的基础上要加上优质代理去访问,优质代理并不多,经过网上多次测试对比评估,发现亿牛云效果还可以,长期使用是比较好的选择。这里我们通过添加他们提供的爬虫隧道加强版去爬取,代码实现过程如下所示,

代码语言:javascript复制
 from selenium import webdriver
    import string
    import zipfile

    # 代理服务器(产品官网 www.16yun.cn)
    proxyHost = "t.16yun.cn"
    proxyPort = "3111"

    # 代理验证信息
    proxyUser = "username"
    proxyPass = "password"


    def create_proxy_auth_extension(proxy_host, proxy_port,
                                    proxy_username, proxy_password,
                                    scheme='http', plugin_path=None):
        if plugin_path is None:
            plugin_path = r'/tmp/{}_{}@t.16yun.zip'.format(proxy_username, proxy_password)

        manifest_json = """
        {
            "version": "1.0.0",
            "manifest_version": 2,
            "name": "16YUN Proxy",
            "permissions": [
                "proxy",
                "tabs",
                "unlimitedStorage",
                "storage",
                "<all_urls>",
                "webRequest",
                "webRequestBlocking"
            ],
            "background": {
                "scripts": ["background.js"]
            },
            "minimum_chrome_version":"22.0.0"
        }
        """

        background_js = string.Template(
            """
            var config = {
                mode: "fixed_servers",
                rules: {
                    singleProxy: {
                        scheme: "${scheme}",
                        host: "${host}",
                        port: parseInt(${port})
                    },
                    bypassList: ["localhost"]
                }
              };

            chrome.proxy.settings.set({value: config, scope: "regular"}, function() {});

            function callbackFn(details) {
                return {
                    authCredentials: {
                        username: "${username}",
                        password: "${password}"
                    }
                };
            }

            chrome.webRequest.onAuthRequired.addListener(
                callbackFn,
                {urls: ["<all_urls>"]},
                ['blocking']
            );
            """
        ).substitute(
            host=proxy_host,
            port=proxy_port,
            username=proxy_username,
            password=proxy_password,
            scheme=scheme,
        )
        print(background_js)

        with zipfile.ZipFile(plugin_path, 'w') as zp:
            zp.writestr("manifest.json", manifest_json)
            zp.writestr("background.js", background_js)

        return plugin_path


    proxy_auth_plugin_path = create_proxy_auth_extension(
        proxy_host=proxyHost,
        proxy_port=proxyPort,
        proxy_username=proxyUser,
        proxy_password=proxyPass)

    option = webdriver.ChromeOptions()

    option.add_argument("--start-maximized")

    # 如报错 chrome-extensions
    # option.add_argument("--disable-extensions")

    option.add_extension(proxy_auth_plugin_path)

    # 关闭webdriver的一些标志
    # option.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-automation'])

    driver = webdriver.Chrome(
        chrome_options=option,
        executable_path="./chromdriver"
    )

    # 修改webdriver get属性
    # script = '''
    # Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', {
    # get: () => undefined
    # })
    # '''
    # driver.execute_cdp_cmd("Page.addScriptToEvaluateOnNewDocument", {"source": script})


    driver.get("https://httpbin.org/ip")

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