指纹解义
WEB指纹就是指WEB应用的一些特征信息，比如CMS系统、操作系统、开发语言、WAF等信息。
探测工具
- whatweb
这时一款kali自带的工具，使用非常简单。
命令： whatweb -h 参考帮助文档
WhatWeb - Next generation web scanner version 0.5.5.
Developed by Andrew Horton (urbanadventurer) and Brendan Coles (bcoles).
Homepage: https://www.morningstarsecurity.com/research/whatweb
Usage: whatweb [options] <URLs>
TARGET SELECTION:
<TARGETs> Enter URLs, hostnames, IP addresses, filenames or
IP ranges in CIDR, x.x.x-x, or x.x.x.x-x.x.x.x
format.
--input-file=FILE, -i Read targets from a file. You can pipe
hostnames or URLs directly with -i /dev/stdin.
TARGET MODIFICATION:
--url-prefix Add a prefix to target URLs.
--url-suffix Add a suffix to target URLs.
--url-pattern Insert the targets into a URL.
e.g. example.com/%insert%/robots.txt
AGGRESSION:
The aggression level controls the trade-off between speed/stealth and
reliability.
--aggression, -a=LEVEL Set the aggression level. Default: 1.
1. Stealthy Makes one HTTP request per target and also
follows redirects.
3. Aggressive If a level 1 plugin is matched, additional
requests will be made.
4. Heavy Makes a lot of HTTP requests per target. URLs
from all plugins are attempted.
HTTP OPTIONS:
--user-agent, -U=AGENT Identify as AGENT instead of WhatWeb/0.5.5.
--header, -H Add an HTTP header. eg "Foo:Bar". Specifying a
default header will replace it. Specifying an
empty value, e.g. "User-Agent:" will remove it.
--follow-redirect=WHEN Control when to follow redirects. WHEN may be
`never', `http-only', `meta-only', `same-site',
or `always'. Default: always.
--max-redirects=NUM Maximum number of redirects. Default: 10.
AUTHENTICATION:
--user, -u=<user:password> HTTP basic authentication.
--cookie, -c=COOKIES Use cookies, e.g. 'name=value; name2=value2'.
--cookie-jar=FILE Read cookies from a file.
PROXY:
--proxy <hostname[:port]> Set proxy hostname and port.
Default: 8080.
--proxy-user <username:password> Set proxy user and password.
PLUGINS:
--list-plugins, -l List all plugins.
--info-plugins, -I=[SEARCH] List all plugins with detailed information.
Optionally search with keywords in a comma
delimited list.
--search-plugins=STRING Search plugins for a keyword.
--plugins, -p=LIST Select plugins. LIST is a comma delimited set
of selected plugins. Default is all.
Each element can be a directory, file or plugin
name and can optionally have a modifier, /-.
Examples: /tmp/moo.rb, /tmp/foo.rb
title,md5, ./plugins-disabled/
./plugins-disabled,-md5
-p is a shortcut for -p plugins-disabled.
--grep, -g=STRING|REGEXP Search for STRING or a Regular Expression. Shows
only the results that match.
Examples: --grep "hello"
--grep "/he[l]*o/"
--custom-plugin=DEFINITION Define a custom plugin named Custom-Plugin,
Examples: ":text=>'powered by abc'"
":version=>/powered[ ]?by ab[0-9]/"
":ghdb=>'intitle:abc "powered by abc"'"
":md5=>'8666257030b94d3bdb46e05945f60b42'"
"{:text=>'powered by abc'}"
--dorks=PLUGIN List Google dorks for the selected plugin.
OUTPUT:
--verbose, -v Verbose output includes plugin descriptions.
Use twice for debugging.
--colour,--color=WHEN control whether colour is used. WHEN may be
`never', `always', or `auto'.
--quiet, -q Do not display brief logging to STDOUT.
--no-errors Suppress error messages.
LOGGING:
--log-brief=FILE Log brief, one-line output.
--log-verbose=FILE Log verbose output.
--log-errors=FILE Log errors.
--log-xml=FILE Log XML format.
--log-json=FILE Log JSON format.
--log-sql=FILE Log SQL INSERT statements.
--log-sql-create=FILE Create SQL database tables.
--log-json-verbose=FILE Log JSON Verbose format.
--log-magictree=FILE Log MagicTree XML format.
--log-object=FILE Log Ruby object inspection format.
--log-mongo-database Name of the MongoDB database.
--log-mongo-collection Name of the MongoDB collection.
Default: whatweb.
--log-mongo-host MongoDB hostname or IP address.
Default: 0.0.0.0.
--log-mongo-username MongoDB username. Default: nil.
--log-mongo-password MongoDB password. Default: nil.
--log-elastic-index Name of the index to store results. Default: whatweb
--log-elastic-host Host:port of the elastic http interface. Default: 127.0.0.1:9200
PERFORMANCE & STABILITY:
--max-threads, -t Number of simultaneous threads. Default: 25.
--open-timeout Time in seconds. Default: 15.
--read-timeout Time in seconds. Default: 30.
--wait=SECONDS Wait SECONDS between connections.
This is useful when using a single thread.
HELP & MISCELLANEOUS:
--short-help Short usage help.
--help, -h Complete usage help.
--debug Raise errors in plugins.
--version Display version information.
EXAMPLE USAGE:
1. Scan example.com.
./whatweb example.com
2. Scan reddit.com slashdot.org with verbose plugin descriptions.
./whatweb -v reddit.com slashdot.org
3. An aggressive scan of wired.com detects the exact version of WordPress.
./whatweb -a 3 www.wired.com
4. Scan the local network quickly and suppress errors.
whatweb --no-errors 192.168.0.0/24
5. Scan the local network for https websites.
whatweb --no-errors --url-prefix https:// 192.168.0.0/24
6. Scan for crossdomain policies in the Alexa Top 1000.
./whatweb -i plugin-development/alexa-top-100.txt
--url-suffix /crossdomain.xml -p crossdomain_xmlOther
操作实例：
可以看到探测到ip=110.242.68.4，使用了HTML5，JQuery、Apache等技术。
- 浏览器插件
可以使用浏览器插件来探测，使用更加的方便快捷。 最常用的是 Wappalyzer ，听说还有一款插件也可以 whatruns 。有兴趣可以用用 whatruns 插件。 操作实例：
浏览器打开某个网页，点开插件自动就探测了web指纹。
- Wafw00f
这个工具是探测Waf指纹的，在之前的博客有讲解过这个博客，可自行翻阅。
结语
指纹探测在web渗透测试中非常重要，属于渗透测试中的信息收集阶段。信息收集越全面之后的渗透越方便。
