下面是调用openai的completion接口的函数。但在本文中并不是重点。了解一下就好。
代码语言：javascript复制import openai
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv, find_dotenv
_ = load_dotenv(find_dotenv())
openai.api_key = os.getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY')
def get_completion(prompt, model="gpt-3.5-turbo"):
messages = [{"role": "user", "content": prompt}]
response = openai.ChatCompletion.create(
model=model,
messages=messages,
temperature=0, # this is the degree of randomness of the model's output
)
return response.choices[0].message["content"]下面我们来说说，书写提示词的基本原则。
提示词的基本原则
- 提示词的书写要清晰，带有明确的指令
- 给模型时间去思考，即指明模型的思考过程
原则一：提示词的书写要清晰，带有明确的指令
技巧一：使用分隔符清楚地指示输入的不同部分
分隔符可以是```, """, < >, , :
代码语言：javascript复制text = f"""
You should express what you want a model to do by
providing instructions that are as clear and
specific as you can possibly make them.
This will guide the model towards the desired output,
and reduce the chances of receiving irrelevant
or incorrect responses. Don't confuse writing a
clear prompt with writing a short prompt.
In many cases, longer prompts provide more clarity
and context for the model, which can lead to
more detailed and relevant outputs.
"""
prompt = f"""
Summarize the text delimited by triple backticks
into a single sentence.
```{text}```
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)回答：
代码语言：javascript复制Clear and specific instructions should be provided to guide a model towards the desired output, and longer prompts can provide more clarity and context for the model, leading to more detailed and relevant outputs.这个例子中需要处理的内容和处理指令是区分开的。这样便于维护。
技巧二：指明固定格式输出结果，如JSON, HTML
代码语言：javascript复制prompt = f"""
Generate a list of three made-up book titles along
with their authors and genres.
Provide them in JSON format with the following keys:
book_id, title, author, genre.
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)回答：
代码语言：javascript复制[
{
"book_id": 1,
"title": "The Lost City of Zorath",
"author": "Aria Blackwood",
"genre": "Fantasy"
},
{
"book_id": 2,
"title": "The Last Survivors",
"author": "Ethan Stone",
"genre": "Science Fiction"
},
{
"book_id": 3,
"title": "The Secret of the Haunted Mansion",
"author": "Lila Rose",
"genre": "Mystery"
}
]技巧三：让模型检测条件是否被满足
示例1：
代码语言：javascript复制text_1 = f"""
Making a cup of tea is easy! First, you need to get some
water boiling. While that's happening,
grab a cup and put a tea bag in it. Once the water is
hot enough, just pour it over the tea bag.
Let it sit for a bit so the tea can steep. After a
few minutes, take out the tea bag. If you
like, you can add some sugar or milk to taste.
And that's it! You've got yourself a delicious
cup of tea to enjoy.
"""
prompt = f"""
You will be provided with text delimited by triple quotes.
If it contains a sequence of instructions,
re-write those instructions in the following format:
Step 1 - ...
Step 2 - …
…
Step N - …
If the text does not contain a sequence of instructions,
then simply write "No steps provided."
"""{text_1}"""
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print("Completion for Text 1:")
print(response)回答：
代码语言：javascript复制Completion for Text 1:
Step 1 - Get some water boiling.
Step 2 - Grab a cup and put a tea bag in it.
Step 3 - Once the water is hot enough, pour it over the tea bag.
Step 4 - Let it sit for a bit so the tea can steep.
Step 5 - After a few minutes, take out the tea bag.
Step 6 - Add some sugar or milk to taste.
Step 7 - Enjoy your delicious cup of tea!这里设定的条件是，如果文本中有指令步骤就将其按步骤列出。同时，这里也写明了输出的格式，正如技巧二中提到的那样。
示例2：
代码语言：javascript复制text_2 = f"""
The sun is shining brightly today, and the birds are
singing. It's a beautiful day to go for a
walk in the park. The flowers are blooming, and the
trees are swaying gently in the breeze. People
are out and about, enjoying the lovely weather.
Some are having picnics, while others are playing
games or simply relaxing on the grass. It's a
perfect day to spend time outdoors and appreciate the
beauty of nature.
"""
prompt = f"""
You will be provided with text delimited by triple quotes.
If it contains a sequence of instructions,
re-write those instructions in the following format:
Step 1 - ...
Step 2 - …
…
Step N - …
If the text does not contain a sequence of instructions,
then simply write "No steps provided."
"""{text_2}"""
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print("Completion for Text 2:")
print(response)回答：
代码语言：javascript复制Completion for Text 2:
No steps provided.示例二中的文本没有出现类似指令步骤的文字，模型也正确判断出来了。这说明模型是有推理能力的。
技巧四：少样本学习
代码语言：javascript复制prompt = f"""
Your task is to answer in a consistent style.
<child>: Teach me about patience.
<grandparent>: The river that carves the deepest
valley flows from a modest spring; the
grandest symphony originates from a single note;
the most intricate tapestry begins with a solitary thread.
<child>: Teach me about resilience.
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)回答：
代码语言：javascript复制<grandparent>: Resilience is like a tree that bends with the wind but never breaks. It is the ability to bounce back from adversity and keep moving forward, even when things get tough. Just like a tree that grows stronger with each storm it weathers, resilience is a quality that can be developed and strengthened over time.通过给模型一个示例去学习，让模型在接下来的回答中参照示例来回答。
原则二：给模型时间去思考
技巧一：指定完成任务所需的步骤
代码语言：javascript复制text = f"""
In a charming village, siblings Jack and Jill set out on
a quest to fetch water from a hilltop
well. As they climbed, singing joyfully, misfortune
struck—Jack tripped on a stone and tumbled
down the hill, with Jill following suit.
Though slightly battered, the pair returned home to
comforting embraces. Despite the mishap,
their adventurous spirits remained undimmed, and they
continued exploring with delight.
"""
# example 1
prompt_1 = f"""
Perform the following actions:
1 - Summarize the following text delimited by triple
backticks with 1 sentence.
2 - Translate the summary into Chinese.
3 - List each name in the Chinese summary.
4 - Output a json object that contains the following
keys: chinese_summary, num_names.
Separate your answers with line breaks.
Text:
```{text}```
"""
response = get_completion(prompt_1)
print("Completion for prompt 1:")
print(response)回答：
代码语言：javascript复制Completion for prompt 1:
1 - Siblings Jack and Jill go on a quest to fetch water from a hilltop well, but misfortune strikes as Jack trips and tumbles down the hill, with Jill following suit, yet they return home slightly battered but undeterred in their adventurous spirits.
2 - 兄妹杰克和吉尔出发去从山顶井中取水，但不幸的是，杰克绊倒了，滚下了山坡，吉尔也跟着滚下来，但他们稍微受了点伤，回到家中得到了安慰的拥抱，尽管发生了不幸，他们的冒险精神仍然不减，继续愉快地探索。
3 - 杰克，吉尔。
4 -
{
"chinese_summary": "兄妹杰克和吉尔出发去从山顶井中取水，但不幸的是，杰克绊倒了，滚下了山坡，吉尔也跟着滚下来，但他们稍微受了点伤，回到家中得到了安慰的拥抱，尽管发生了不幸，他们的冒险精神仍然不减，继续愉快地探索。",
"num_names": 2
}模型按照我们制定的步骤输出了内容。
当我们重新制定输出格式
代码语言：javascript复制prompt_2 = f"""
Your task is to perform the following actions:
1 - Summarize the following text delimited by
<> with 1 sentence.
2 - Translate the summary into Chinese.
3 - List each name in the Chinese summary.
4 - Output a json object that contains the
following keys: chinese_summary, num_names.
Use the following format:
Text: <text to summarize>
Summary: <summary>
Translation: <summary translation>
Names: <list of names in Italian summary>
Output JSON: <json with summary and num_names>
Text: <{text}>
"""
response = get_completion(prompt_2)
print("nCompletion for prompt 2:")
print(response)注意：这里的text指的也是上面例子中的text。
回答：
代码语言：javascript复制Completion for prompt 2:
Summary: Jack and Jill go on a quest to fetch water, but misfortune strikes and they tumble down a hill, returning home slightly battered but with undimmed adventurous spirits.
Translation: Jack 和 Jill 去取水，但不幸的是他们跌倒了，回家时略有些受伤，但他们的冒险精神仍然不减，继续愉快地探索。
Names: Jack, Jill
Output JSON: {"chinese_summary": "Jack 和 Jill 去取水，但不幸的是他们跌倒了，回家时略有些受伤，但他们的冒险精神仍然不减，继续愉快地探索。", "num_names": 2}模型真的理解了输出的格式要求，有点厉害了哦。
技巧二：指示模型在匆忙得出结论之前制定自己的解决方案
代码语言：javascript复制prompt = f"""
Determine if the student's solution is correct or not.
Question:
I'm building a solar power installation and I need
help working out the financials.
- Land costs $100 / square foot
- I can buy solar panels for $250 / square foot
- I negotiated a contract for maintenance that will cost
me a flat $100k per year, and an additional $10 / square
foot
What is the total cost for the first year of operations
as a function of the number of square feet.
Student's Solution:
Let x be the size of the installation in square feet.
Costs:
1. Land cost: 100x
2. Solar panel cost: 250x
3. Maintenance cost: 100,000 100x
Total cost: 100x 250x 100,000 100x = 450x 100,000
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)回答：
代码语言：javascript复制The student's solution is correct.这里学生的回答是错误的。模型却判断为正确。看样子它算数是真不好。
补救措施来了。先让模型自己找出一个方案，然后让它去和学生的解决方案进行对比。最后判断一下学生的方案是否正确。
代码语言：javascript复制prompt = f"""
Your task is to determine if the student's solution
is correct or not.
To solve the problem do the following:
- First, work out your own solution to the problem.
- Then compare your solution to the student's solution
and evaluate if the student's solution is correct or not.
Don't decide if the student's solution is correct until
you have done the problem yourself.
Use the following format:
Question:
```
question here
```
Student's solution:
```
student's solution here
```
Actual solution:
```
steps to work out the solution and your solution here
```
Is the student's solution the same as actual solution
just calculated:
```
yes or no
```
Student grade:
```
correct or incorrect
```
Question:
```
I'm building a solar power installation and I need help
working out the financials.
- Land costs $100 / square foot
- I can buy solar panels for $250 / square foot
- I negotiated a contract for maintenance that will cost
me a flat $100k per year, and an additional $10 / square
foot
What is the total cost for the first year of operations
as a function of the number of square feet.
```
Student's solution:
```
Let x be the size of the installation in square feet.
Costs:
1. Land cost: 100x
2. Solar panel cost: 250x
3. Maintenance cost: 100,000 100x
Total cost: 100x 250x 100,000 100x = 450x 100,000
```
Actual solution:
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)回答：
代码语言：javascript复制Let x be the size of the installation in square feet.
Costs:
1. Land cost: 100x
2. Solar panel cost: 250x
3. Maintenance cost: 100,000 10x
Total cost: 100x 250x 100,000 10x = 360x 100,000
Is the student's solution the same as actual solution just calculated:
No
Student grade:
Incorrect通过这么一顿操作，模型似乎领悟到了什么。它发现了学生在Maintenance cost中错误地将10x写成了100x。
总结一下该原则，通过设置思考过程，让模型按步骤思考通常能得到更为准确的回答。
大语言模型的限制
代码语言：javascript复制prompt = f"""
介绍一下首飞牌电动牙刷的功能
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)回答：
代码语言：javascript复制首飞牌电动牙刷是一款高科技的电动牙刷，具有多种功能，包括：
1. 高速震动清洁：首飞牌电动牙刷采用高速震动技术，每分钟可达到40000次的震动频率，能够深入清洁牙齿，有效去除牙菌斑和牙渍。
2. 智能感应：该电动牙刷配备了智能感应技术，能够自动识别不同的牙齿区域，根据不同的清洁需求进行智能调节，让你的牙齿更加干净。
3. 多种清洁模式：首飞牌电动牙刷提供了多种清洁模式，包括标准模式、深层清洁模式、按摩模式等，可以根据个人需求进行选择。
4. 长续航时间：该电动牙刷采用高效节能的电池技术，一次充电可以使用长达30天，让你无需频繁充电。
5. 人性化设计：首飞牌电动牙刷采用人性化设计，握感舒适，操作简单，适合各种年龄段的人使用。
总之，首飞牌电动牙刷具有高速震动清洁、智能感应、多种清洁模式、长续航时间和人性化设计等多种功能，是一款高性能的电动牙刷，可以帮助你轻松保持口腔健康。事实上，并没有首飞牌电动牙刷，但模型描述的挺欢快的。一本正经地胡编乱造。这就是模型表现出来的幻想。要尽量避免这种情况，就需要将提示词写的准确，清晰和指令化。
参考：
https://learn.deeplearning.ai/chatgpt-prompt-eng/lesson/2/guidelines
