2023-03-06:给定一个二维网格 grid ,其中:'.' 代表一个空房间'#' 代表一堵'@' 是起点小写字母代表钥匙大

2023-06-08 14:52:51 浏览数 (3)

2023-03-06:给定一个二维网格 grid ,其中:

'.' 代表一个空房间

'#' 代表一堵

'@' 是起点

小写字母代表钥匙

大写字母代表锁

我们从起点开始出发,一次移动是指向四个基本方向之一行走一个单位空间

我们不能在网格外面行走,也无法穿过一堵墙

如果途经一个钥匙,我们就把它捡起来。除非我们手里有对应的钥匙,否则无法通过锁。

假设 k 为 钥匙/锁 的个数,且满足 1 <= k <= 6,

字母表中的前 k 个字母在网格中都有自己对应的一个小写和一个大写字母

换言之,每个锁有唯一对应的钥匙,每个钥匙也有唯一对应的锁

另外,代表钥匙和锁的字母互为大小写并按字母顺序排列

返回获取所有钥匙所需要的移动的最少次数。如果无法获取所有钥匙,返回 -1 。

输入:grid = ["@.a.#","###.#","b.A.B"]

输出:8

解释:目标是获得所有钥匙,而不是打开所有锁。

来自Airbnb、Uber。

答案2023-03-06:

dijkstra算法。

代码用rust编写。代码如下:

代码语言:javascript复制
use std::iter::repeat;
fn main() {
    let mut grid = vec!["@.a.#", "###.#", "b.A.B"];
    let ans = shortestPathAllKeys(&mut grid);
    println!("ans = {}", ans);
}

// "@....#"
// "..b..B"
//
// @ . . . . #
// . . B . . B
fn shortestPathAllKeys(grid: &mut Vec<&str>) -> i32 {
    let n = grid.len() as i32;

    let mut map: Vec<Vec<u8>> = repeat(vec![]).take(n as usize).collect();
    for i in 0..grid.len() {
        map[i as usize] = grid[i as usize].as_bytes().to_vec();
    }
    let m = map[0].len() as i32;
    return dijkstra(&mut map, n, m);
}

fn dijkstra(map: &mut Vec<Vec<u8>>, n: i32, m: i32) -> i32 {
    let mut startX = 0;
    let mut startY = 0;
    let mut keys = 0;
    for i in 0..n {
        for j in 0..m {
            if map[i as usize][j as usize] == '@' as u8 {
                startX = i;
                startY = j;
            }
            if map[i as usize][j as usize] >= 'a' as u8 && map[i as usize][j as usize] <= 'z' as u8
            {
                keys  = 1;
            }
        }
    }
    // 如果有4把钥匙
    // limit = 0000..00001111
    // 如果有5把钥匙
    // limit = 0000..00011111
    // 也就是说,所有钥匙都凑齐的状态,就是limit
    let mut limit = (1 << keys) - 1;
    // 用堆来维持走过的点(dijkstra标准操作)
    // 维持的信息是一个个小的4维数组,arr
    // arr[0] : 当前来到的x坐标
    // arr[1] : 当前来到的y坐标
    // arr[2] : 当前收集到的钥匙状态
    // arr[3] : 从出发点到当前的距离
    // 堆根据距离的从小到大组织,距离小根堆
    // PriorityQueue<int[]> heap = new PriorityQueue<>((a, b) -> a[3] - b[3]);
    let mut heap: Vec<Vec<i32>> = vec![];
    let mut visited: Vec<Vec<Vec<bool>>> = repeat(
        repeat(repeat(false).take(1 << keys).collect())
            .take(m as usize)
            .collect(),
    )
    .take(n as usize)
    .collect();
    // startX, startY, 000000
    heap.push(vec![startX, startY, 0, 0]);
    while heap.len() > 0 {
        heap.sort_by(|a, b| a[3].cmp(&b[3]));
        let cur = heap.pop().unwrap();
        let x = cur[0];
        let y = cur[1];
        let s = cur[2];
        let w = cur[3];
        if s == limit {
            return w;
        }
        if visited[x as usize][y as usize][s as usize] {
            continue;
        }
        visited[x as usize][y as usize][s as usize] = true;
        add(x - 1, y, s, w, n, m, map, &mut visited, &mut heap);
        add(x   1, y, s, w, n, m, map, &mut visited, &mut heap);
        add(x, y - 1, s, w, n, m, map, &mut visited, &mut heap);
        add(x, y   1, s, w, n, m, map, &mut visited, &mut heap);
    }
    return -1;
}

// 当前是由(a,b,s) -> (x,y,状态?)
// w ,从最开始到达(a,b,s)这个点的距离 -> w 1
// n,m 固定参数,防止越界
// map 地图
// visited 访问过的点,不要再加入到堆里去!
// heap, 堆!
fn add(
    x: i32,
    y: i32,
    mut s: i32,
    w: i32,
    n: i32,
    m: i32,
    map: &mut Vec<Vec<u8>>,
    visited: &mut Vec<Vec<Vec<bool>>>,
    heap: &mut Vec<Vec<i32>>,
) {
    if x < 0 || x == n || y < 0 || y == m || map[x as usize][y as usize] == '#' as u8 {
        return;
    }
    if map[x as usize][y as usize] >= 'A' as u8 && map[x as usize][y as usize] <= 'Z' as u8 {
        // 锁!
        // B  ->  00000010
        //            dcba
        // x,y,状 = x,y,s
        // s == 00001000
        //          dcba
        // A    s & (1 << 0) != 0
        // B    s & (1 << 1) != 0
        // D    s & (1 << 3) != 0
        //
        if (!visited[x as usize][y as usize][s as usize]
            && (s & (1 << (map[x as usize][y as usize] - 'A' as u8))) != 0)
        {
            heap.push(vec![x, y, s, w   1]);
        }
    } else {
        // 不是锁!
        // 要么是钥匙 a b c
        // 要么是空房间 .
        // 要么是初始位置 @
        if map[x as usize][y as usize] >= 'a' as u8 && map[x as usize][y as usize] <= 'z' as u8 {
            s |= 1 << (map[x as usize][y as usize] - ('a' as u8)) as i32;
        }
        if !visited[x as usize][y as usize][s as usize] {
            heap.push(vec![x, y, s, w   1]);
        }
    }
}

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