Kubernetes 提供了许多云端平台与操作系统的安装方式，本章将以全手动安装方式来部署，主要是学习与了解 Kubernetes 创建流程。若想要了解更多平台的部署可以参考 Picking the Right Solution来选择自己最喜欢的方式。
本次安装版本为：
- Kubernetes v1.8.2
- Etcd v3.2.9
- Calico v2.6.2
- Docker v17.10.0-ce
预先准备信息
本教程将以下列节点数与规格来进行部署 Kubernetes 集群，操作系统可采用Ubuntu 16.x与CentOS 7.x：
IP Address | Role | CPU | Memory |
|---|---|---|---|
172.16.35.12 | master1 | 1 | 2G |
172.16.35.10 | node1 | 1 | 2G |
- 这边 master 为主要控制节点也是部署节点，node 为应用程序工作节点。
- 所有操作全部用root使用者进行，以 SRE 来说不推荐。
- 可以下载 Vagrantfile 来建立 Virtual box 虚拟机集群。
首先安装前要确认以下几项都已将准备完成：
- 所有节点彼此网络互通，并且master1 SSH 登入其他节点为 passwdless。
- 所有防火墙与 SELinux 已关闭。如 CentOS：
$ systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
$ setenforce 0
$ vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled&& systemctl disable firewalld
$ setenforce 0
$ vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled- 所有节点需要设定/etc/host解析到所有主机。
...
172.16.35.10 node1
172.16.35.12 master1
172.16.35.10 node1
172.16.35.12 master1- 所有节点需要安装Docker或rtk引擎。这边采用Docker来当作容器引擎，安装方式如下：
$ curl -fsSL "https://get.docker.com/" | sh不管是在 Ubuntu 或 CentOS 都只需要执行该指令就会自动安装最新版 Docker。 CentOS 安装完成后，需要再执行以下指令：
代码语言：javascript复制$ systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker编辑/lib/systemd/system/docker.service，在ExecStart=..上面加入：
代码语言：javascript复制ExecStartPost=/sbin/iptables -I FORWARD -s 0.0.0.0/0 -j ACCEPT=/sbin/iptables -I FORWARD -s 0.0.0.0/0 -j ACCEPT完成后，重新启动 docker 服务：
代码语言：javascript复制$ systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker- 所有节点需要设定/etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf的系统参数。
$ cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
$ sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf<<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
$ sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf- 在master1需要安装CFSSL工具，这将会用来建立 TLS certificates。
$ export CFSSL_URL="https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2"
$ wget "${CFSSL_URL}/cfssl_linux-amd64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl
$ wget "${CFSSL_URL}/cfssljson_linux-amd64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
$ chmod x /usr/local/bin/cfssl /usr/local/bin/cfssljsonexport CFSSL_URL="https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2"
$ wget "${CFSSL_URL}/cfssl_linux-amd64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl
$ wget "${CFSSL_URL}/cfssljson_linux-amd64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
$ chmod x /usr/local/bin/cfssl /usr/local/bin/cfssljsonEtcd
在开始安装 Kubernetes 之前，需要先将一些必要系统创建完成，其中 Etcd 就是 Kubernetes 最重要的一环，Kubernetes 会将大部分信息储存于 Etcd 上，来提供给其他节点索取，以确保整个集群运作与沟通正常。
创建集群 CA 与 Certificates
在这部分，将会需要产生 client 与 server 的各组件 certificates，并且替 Kubernetes admin user 产生 client 证书。
建立/etc/etcd/ssl文件夹，然后进入目录完成以下操作。
代码语言：javascript复制$ mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl && cd /etc/etcd/ssl
$ export PKI_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/pki"-p /etc/etcd/ssl && cd /etc/etcd/ssl
$ export PKI_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/pki"下载ca-config.json与etcd-ca-csr.json文件，并产生 CA 密钥：
代码语言：javascript复制$ wget "${PKI_URL}/ca-config.json" "${PKI_URL}/etcd-ca-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert -initca etcd-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd-ca
$ ls etcd-ca*.pem
etcd-ca-key.pem etcd-ca.pem"${PKI_URL}/ca-config.json" "${PKI_URL}/etcd-ca-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert -initca etcd-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd-ca
$ ls etcd-ca*.pem
etcd-ca-key.pem etcd-ca.pem下载etcd-csr.json文件，并产生 kube-apiserver certificate 证书：
代码语言：javascript复制$ wget "${PKI_URL}/etcd-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert
-ca=etcd-ca.pem
-ca-key=etcd-ca-key.pem
-config=ca-config.json
-profile=kubernetes
etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd
$ ls etcd*.pem
etcd-ca-key.pem etcd-ca.pem etcd-key.pem etcd.pe"${PKI_URL}/etcd-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert
-ca=etcd-ca.pem
-ca-key=etcd-ca-key.pem
-config=ca-config.json
-profile=kubernetes
etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd
$ ls etcd*.pem
etcd-ca-key.pem etcd-ca.pem etcd-key.pem etcd.pe若节点 IP 不同，需要修改etcd-csr.json的hosts。
完成后删除不必要文件：
代码语言：javascript复制$ rm -rf *.json确认/etc/etcd/ssl有以下文件：
代码语言：javascript复制$ ls /etc/etcd/ssl
etcd-ca.csr etcd-ca-key.pem etcd-ca.pem etcd.csr etcd-key.pem etcd.pem/etc/etcd/ssl
etcd-ca.csr etcd-ca-key.pem etcd-ca.pem etcd.csr etcd-key.pem etcd.pemEtcd 安装与设定
首先在master1节点下载 Etcd，并解压缩放到 /opt 底下与安装：
代码语言：javascript复制$ export ETCD_URL="https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download"
$ cd && wget -qO- --show-progress "${ETCD_URL}/v3.2.9/etcd-v3.2.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz" | tar -zx
$ mv etcd-v3.2.9-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin/ && rm -rf etcd-v3.2.9-linux-amd64export ETCD_URL="https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download"
$ cd && wget -qO- --show-progress "${ETCD_URL}/v3.2.9/etcd-v3.2.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz" | tar -zx
$ mv etcd-v3.2.9-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin/ && rm -rf etcd-v3.2.9-linux-amd64完成后新建 Etcd Group 与 User，并建立 Etcd 配置文件目录：
代码语言：javascript复制$ groupadd etcd && useradd -c "Etcd user" -g etcd -s /sbin/nologin -r etcd&& useradd -c "Etcd user" -g etcd -s /sbin/nologin -r etcd下载etcd相关文件，我们将来管理 Etcd：
代码语言：javascript复制$ export ETCD_CONF_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/master"
$ wget "${ETCD_CONF_URL}/etcd.conf" -O /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
$ wget "${ETCD_CONF_URL}/etcd.service" -O /lib/systemd/system/etcd.serviceexport ETCD_CONF_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/master"
$ wget "${ETCD_CONF_URL}/etcd.conf" -O /etc/etcd/etcd.conf
$ wget "${ETCD_CONF_URL}/etcd.service" -O /lib/systemd/system/etcd.service若与该教程 IP 不同的话，请用自己 IP 取代172.16.35.12。
建立 var 存放信息，然后启动 Etcd 服务:
代码语言：javascript复制$ mkdir -p /var/lib/etcd && chown etcd:etcd -R /var/lib/etcd /etc/etcd
$ systemctl enable etcd.service && systemctl start etcd.service-p /var/lib/etcd && chown etcd:etcd -R /var/lib/etcd /etc/etcd
$ systemctl enable etcd.service && systemctl start etcd.service通过简单指令验证：
代码语言：javascript复制$ export CA="/etc/etcd/ssl"
$ ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl
--cacert=${CA}/etcd-ca.pem
--cert=${CA}/etcd.pem
--key=${CA}/etcd-key.pem
--endpoints="https://172.16.35.12:2379"
endpoint health
# output
https://172.16.35.12:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 641.36µsexport CA="/etc/etcd/ssl"
$ ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl
--cacert=${CA}/etcd-ca.pem
--cert=${CA}/etcd.pem
--key=${CA}/etcd-key.pem
--endpoints="https://172.16.35.12:2379"
endpoint health
# output
https://172.16.35.12:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 641.36µsKubernetes Master
Master 是 Kubernetes 的大总管，主要创建apiserver、Controller manager与Scheduler来组件管理所有 Node。本步骤将下载 Kubernetes 并安装至 master1上，然后产生相关 TLS Cert 与 CA 密钥，提供给集群组件认证使用。
下载 Kubernetes 组件
首先通过网络取得所有需要的执行文件：
代码语言：javascript复制# Download Kubernetes
$ export KUBE_URL="https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.8.2/bin/linux/amd64"
$ wget "${KUBE_URL}/kubelet" -O /usr/local/bin/kubelet
$ wget "${KUBE_URL}/kubectl" -O /usr/local/bin/kubectl
$ chmod x /usr/local/bin/kubelet /usr/local/bin/kubectl
# Download CNI
$ mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin && cd /opt/cni/bin
$ export CNI_URL="https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download"
$ wget -qO- --show-progress "${CNI_URL}/v0.6.0/cni-plugins-amd64-v0.6.0.tgz" | tar -zx
$ export KUBE_URL="https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.8.2/bin/linux/amd64"
$ wget "${KUBE_URL}/kubelet" -O /usr/local/bin/kubelet
$ wget "${KUBE_URL}/kubectl" -O /usr/local/bin/kubectl
$ chmod x /usr/local/bin/kubelet /usr/local/bin/kubectl
# Download CNI
$ mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin && cd /opt/cni/bin
$ export CNI_URL="https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download"
$ wget -qO- --show-progress "${CNI_URL}/v0.6.0/cni-plugins-amd64-v0.6.0.tgz" | tar -zx创建集群 CA 与 Certificates
在这部分，将会需要生成 client 与 server 的各组件 certificates，并且替 Kubernetes admin user 生成 client 证书。
创建pki文件夹，然后进入目录完成以下操作。
代码语言：javascript复制$ mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki && cd /etc/kubernetes/pki
$ export PKI_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/pki"
$ export KUBE_APISERVER="https://172.16.35.12:6443"-p /etc/kubernetes/pki && cd /etc/kubernetes/pki
$ export PKI_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/pki"
$ export KUBE_APISERVER="https://172.16.35.12:6443"下载ca-config.json与ca-csr.json文件，并生成 CA 密钥：
代码语言：javascript复制$ wget "${PKI_URL}/ca-config.json" "${PKI_URL}/ca-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
$ ls ca*.pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem"${PKI_URL}/ca-config.json" "${PKI_URL}/ca-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
$ ls ca*.pem
ca-key.pem ca.pemAPI server certificate
下载apiserver-csr.json文件，并生成 kube-apiserver certificate 证书：
代码语言：javascript复制$ wget "${PKI_URL}/apiserver-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert
-ca=ca.pem
-ca-key=ca-key.pem
-config=ca-config.json
-hostname=10.96.0.1,172.16.35.12,127.0.0.1,kubernetes.default
-profile=kubernetes
apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare apiserver
$ ls apiserver*.pem
apiserver-key.pem apiserver.pem"${PKI_URL}/apiserver-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert
-ca=ca.pem
-ca-key=ca-key.pem
-config=ca-config.json
-hostname=10.96.0.1,172.16.35.12,127.0.0.1,kubernetes.default
-profile=kubernetes
apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare apiserver
$ ls apiserver*.pem
apiserver-key.pem apiserver.pem若节点 IP 不同，需要修改apiserver-csr.json的hosts。
Front proxy certificate
下载front-proxy-ca-csr.json文件，并生成 Front proxy CA 密钥，Front proxy 主要是用在 API aggregator 上:
代码语言：javascript复制$ wget "${PKI_URL}/front-proxy-ca-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert
-initca front-proxy-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare front-proxy-ca
$ ls front-proxy-ca*.pem
front-proxy-ca-key.pem front-proxy-ca.pem"${PKI_URL}/front-proxy-ca-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert
-initca front-proxy-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare front-proxy-ca
$ ls front-proxy-ca*.pem
front-proxy-ca-key.pem front-proxy-ca.pem下载front-proxy-client-csr.json文件，并生成 front-proxy-client 证书：
代码语言：javascript复制$ wget "${PKI_URL}/front-proxy-client-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert
-ca=front-proxy-ca.pem
-ca-key=front-proxy-ca-key.pem
-config=ca-config.json
-profile=kubernetes
front-proxy-client-csr.json | cfssljson -bare front-proxy-client
$ ls front-proxy-client*.pem
front-proxy-client-key.pem front-proxy-client.pem"${PKI_URL}/front-proxy-client-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert
-ca=front-proxy-ca.pem
-ca-key=front-proxy-ca-key.pem
-config=ca-config.json
-profile=kubernetes
front-proxy-client-csr.json | cfssljson -bare front-proxy-client
$ ls front-proxy-client*.pem
front-proxy-client-key.pem front-proxy-client.pemBootstrap Token
由于通过手动创建 CA 方式太过繁杂，只适合少量机器，因为每次签证时都需要绑定 Node IP，随机器增加会带来很多困扰，因此这边使用 TLS Bootstrapping 方式进行授权，由 apiserver 自动给符合条件的 Node 发送证书来授权加入集群。
主要做法是 kubelet 启动时，向 kube-apiserver 传送 TLS Bootstrapping 请求，而 kube-apiserver 验证 kubelet 请求的 token 是否与设定的一样，若一样就自动产生 kubelet 证书与密钥。具体作法可以参考 TLS bootstrapping。
首先建立一个变量来产生BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN，并建立 bootstrap.conf 的 kubeconfig 文件：
代码语言：javascript复制$ export BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ')
$ cat <<EOF > /etc/kubernetes/token.csv
${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN},kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF
# bootstrap set-cluster
$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER}
--kubeconfig=../bootstrap.conf
# bootstrap set-credentials
$ kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap
--token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}
--kubeconfig=../bootstrap.conf
# bootstrap set-context
$ kubectl config set-context default
--cluster=kubernetes
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
--kubeconfig=../bootstrap.conf
# bootstrap set default context
$ kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=../bootstrap.confexport BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=$(head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ')
$ cat <<EOF > /etc/kubernetes/token.csv
${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN},kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
EOF
# bootstrap set-cluster
$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER}
--kubeconfig=../bootstrap.conf
# bootstrap set-credentials
$ kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap
--token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN}
--kubeconfig=../bootstrap.conf
# bootstrap set-context
$ kubectl config set-context default
--cluster=kubernetes
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
--kubeconfig=../bootstrap.conf
# bootstrap set default context
$ kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=../bootstrap.conf若想要用 CA 方式来认证，可以参考 Kubelet certificate。
Admin certificate
下载admin-csr.json文件，并生成 admin certificate 证书：
代码语言：javascript复制$ wget "${PKI_URL}/admin-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert
-ca=ca.pem
-ca-key=ca-key.pem
-config=ca-config.json
-profile=kubernetes
admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
$ ls admin*.pem
admin-key.pem admin.pem"${PKI_URL}/admin-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert
-ca=ca.pem
-ca-key=ca-key.pem
-config=ca-config.json
-profile=kubernetes
admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin
$ ls admin*.pem
admin-key.pem admin.pem接着通过以下指令生成名称为 admin.conf 的 kubeconfig 文件：
代码语言：javascript复制# admin set-cluster
$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER}
--kubeconfig=../admin.conf
# admin set-credentials
$ kubectl config set-credentials kubernetes-admin
--client-certificate=admin.pem
--client-key=admin-key.pem
--embed-certs=true
--kubeconfig=../admin.conf
# admin set-context
$ kubectl config set-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
--cluster=kubernetes
--user=kubernetes-admin
--kubeconfig=../admin.conf
# admin set default context
$ kubectl config use-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
--kubeconfig=../admin.conf
$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER}
--kubeconfig=../admin.conf
# admin set-credentials
$ kubectl config set-credentials kubernetes-admin
--client-certificate=admin.pem
--client-key=admin-key.pem
--embed-certs=true
--kubeconfig=../admin.conf
# admin set-context
$ kubectl config set-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
--cluster=kubernetes
--user=kubernetes-admin
--kubeconfig=../admin.conf
# admin set default context
$ kubectl config use-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
--kubeconfig=../admin.confController manager certificate
下载manager-csr.json文件，并生成 kube-controller-manager certificate 证书：
代码语言：javascript复制$ wget "${PKI_URL}/manager-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert
-ca=ca.pem
-ca-key=ca-key.pem
-config=ca-config.json
-profile=kubernetes
manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare controller-manager
$ ls controller-manager*.pem"${PKI_URL}/manager-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert
-ca=ca.pem
-ca-key=ca-key.pem
-config=ca-config.json
-profile=kubernetes
manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare controller-manager
$ ls controller-manager*.pem若节点 IP 不同，需要修改manager-csr.json的hosts。
接着通过以下指令生成名称为controller-manager.conf的 kubeconfig 文件：
代码语言：javascript复制# controller-manager set-cluster
$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER}
--kubeconfig=../controller-manager.conf
# controller-manager set-credentials
$ kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager
--client-certificate=controller-manager.pem
--client-key=controller-manager-key.pem
--embed-certs=true
--kubeconfig=../controller-manager.conf
# controller-manager set-context
$ kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes
--cluster=kubernetes
--user=system:kube-controller-manager
--kubeconfig=../controller-manager.conf
# controller-manager set default context
$ kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes
--kubeconfig=../controller-manager.conf
$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER}
--kubeconfig=../controller-manager.conf
# controller-manager set-credentials
$ kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager
--client-certificate=controller-manager.pem
--client-key=controller-manager-key.pem
--embed-certs=true
--kubeconfig=../controller-manager.conf
# controller-manager set-context
$ kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes
--cluster=kubernetes
--user=system:kube-controller-manager
--kubeconfig=../controller-manager.conf
# controller-manager set default context
$ kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes
--kubeconfig=../controller-manager.confScheduler certificate
下载scheduler-csr.json文件，并生成 kube-scheduler certificate 证书：
代码语言：javascript复制$ wget "${PKI_URL}/scheduler-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert
-ca=ca.pem
-ca-key=ca-key.pem
-config=ca-config.json
-profile=kubernetes
scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare scheduler
$ ls scheduler*.pem
scheduler-key.pem scheduler.pem"${PKI_URL}/scheduler-csr.json"
$ cfssl gencert
-ca=ca.pem
-ca-key=ca-key.pem
-config=ca-config.json
-profile=kubernetes
scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare scheduler
$ ls scheduler*.pem
scheduler-key.pem scheduler.pem若节点 IP 不同，需要修改scheduler-csr.json的hosts。
接着通过以下指令生成名称为 scheduler.conf 的 kubeconfig 文件：
代码语言：javascript复制# scheduler set-cluster
$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER}
--kubeconfig=../scheduler.conf
# scheduler set-credentials
$ kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler
--client-certificate=scheduler.pem
--client-key=scheduler-key.pem
--embed-certs=true
--kubeconfig=../scheduler.conf
# scheduler set-context
$ kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes
--cluster=kubernetes
--user=system:kube-scheduler
--kubeconfig=../scheduler.conf
# scheduler set default context
$ kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes
--kubeconfig=../scheduler.conf
$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER}
--kubeconfig=../scheduler.conf
# scheduler set-credentials
$ kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler
--client-certificate=scheduler.pem
--client-key=scheduler-key.pem
--embed-certs=true
--kubeconfig=../scheduler.conf
# scheduler set-context
$ kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes
--cluster=kubernetes
--user=system:kube-scheduler
--kubeconfig=../scheduler.conf
# scheduler set default context
$ kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes
--kubeconfig=../scheduler.confKubelet master certificate
下载kubelet-csr.json文件，并生成 master node certificate 证书：
代码语言：javascript复制$ wget "${PKI_URL}/kubelet-csr.json"
$ sed -i 's/$NODE/master1/g' kubelet-csr.json
$ cfssl gencert
-ca=ca.pem
-ca-key=ca-key.pem
-config=ca-config.json
-hostname=master1,172.16.35.12,172.16.35.12
-profile=kubernetes
kubelet-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubelet
$ ls kubelet*.pem
kubelet-key.pem kubelet.pem"${PKI_URL}/kubelet-csr.json"
$ sed -i 's/$NODE/master1/g' kubelet-csr.json
$ cfssl gencert
-ca=ca.pem
-ca-key=ca-key.pem
-config=ca-config.json
-hostname=master1,172.16.35.12,172.16.35.12
-profile=kubernetes
kubelet-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubelet
$ ls kubelet*.pem
kubelet-key.pem kubelet.pem这边$NODE需要随节点名称不同而改变。
接着通过以下指令生成名称为 kubelet.conf 的 kubeconfig 文件：
代码语言：javascript复制# kubelet set-cluster
$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER}
--kubeconfig=../kubelet.conf
# kubelet set-credentials
$ kubectl config set-credentials system:node:master1
--client-certificate=kubelet.pem
--client-key=kubelet-key.pem
--embed-certs=true
--kubeconfig=../kubelet.conf
# kubelet set-context
$ kubectl config set-context system:node:master1@kubernetes
--cluster=kubernetes
--user=system:node:master1
--kubeconfig=../kubelet.conf
# kubelet set default context
$ kubectl config use-context system:node:master1@kubernetes
--kubeconfig=../kubelet.conf
$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER}
--kubeconfig=../kubelet.conf
# kubelet set-credentials
$ kubectl config set-credentials system:node:master1
--client-certificate=kubelet.pem
--client-key=kubelet-key.pem
--embed-certs=true
--kubeconfig=../kubelet.conf
# kubelet set-context
$ kubectl config set-context system:node:master1@kubernetes
--cluster=kubernetes
--user=system:node:master1
--kubeconfig=../kubelet.conf
# kubelet set default context
$ kubectl config use-context system:node:master1@kubernetes
--kubeconfig=../kubelet.confService account key
Service account 不是通过 CA 进行认证，因此不要通过 CA 来做 Service account key 的检查，这边建立一组 Private 与 Public 密钥提供给 Service account key 使用：
代码语言：javascript复制$ openssl genrsa -out sa.key 2048
$ openssl rsa -in sa.key -pubout -out sa.pub
$ ls sa.*
sa.key sa.pub-out sa.key 2048
$ openssl rsa -in sa.key -pubout -out sa.pub
$ ls sa.*
sa.key sa.pub完成后删除不必要文件：
代码语言：javascript复制$ rm -rf *.json *.csr确认/etc/kubernetes与/etc/kubernetes/pki有以下文件：
代码语言：javascript复制$ ls /etc/kubernetes/
admin.conf bootstrap.conf controller-manager.conf kubelet.conf pki scheduler.conf token.csv
$ ls /etc/kubernetes/pki
admin-key.pem apiserver-key.pem ca-key.pem controller-manager-key.pem front-proxy-ca-key.pem front-proxy-client-key.pem kubelet-key.pem sa.key scheduler-key.pem
admin.pem apiserver.pem ca.pem controller-manager.pem front-proxy-ca.pem front-proxy-client.pem kubelet.pem sa.pub scheduler.pem/etc/kubernetes/
admin.conf bootstrap.conf controller-manager.conf kubelet.conf pki scheduler.conf token.csv
$ ls /etc/kubernetes/pki
admin-key.pem apiserver-key.pem ca-key.pem controller-manager-key.pem front-proxy-ca-key.pem front-proxy-client-key.pem kubelet-key.pem sa.key scheduler-key.pem
admin.pem apiserver.pem ca.pem controller-manager.pem front-proxy-ca.pem front-proxy-client.pem kubelet.pem sa.pub scheduler.pem安装 Kubernetes 核心组件
首先下载 Kubernetes 核心组件 YAML 文件，这边我们不透过 Binary 方案来创建 Master 核心组件，而是利用 Kubernetes Static Pod 来创建，因此需下载所有核心组件的Static Pod文件到/etc/kubernetes/manifests目录：
代码语言：javascript复制$ export CORE_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/master"
$ mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/manifests && cd /etc/kubernetes/manifests
$ for FILE in apiserver manager scheduler; do
wget "${CORE_URL}/${FILE}.yml.conf" -O ${FILE}.yml
doneexport CORE_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/master"
$ mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/manifests && cd /etc/kubernetes/manifests
$ for FILE in apiserver manager scheduler; do
wget "${CORE_URL}/${FILE}.yml.conf" -O ${FILE}.yml
done若IP与教程设定不同的话，请记得修改apiserver.yml、manager.yml、scheduler.yml。 apiserver 中的 NodeRestriction 请参考 Using Node Authorization。
生成一个用来加密 Etcd 的 Key：
代码语言：javascript复制$ head -c 32 /dev/urandom | base64
SUpbL4juUYyvxj3/gonV5xVEx8j769/99TSAf8YT/sQ=-c 32 /dev/urandom | base64
SUpbL4juUYyvxj3/gonV5xVEx8j769/99TSAf8YT/sQ=在/etc/kubernetes/目录下，创建encryption.yml的加密 YAML 文件：
代码语言：javascript复制$ cat <<EOF > /etc/kubernetes/encryption.yml
kind: EncryptionConfig
apiVersion: v1
resources:
- resources:
- secrets
providers:
- aescbc:
keys:
- name: key1
secret: SUpbL4juUYyvxj3/gonV5xVEx8j769/99TSAf8YT/sQ=
- identity: {}
EOF<<EOF > /etc/kubernetes/encryption.yml
kind: EncryptionConfig
apiVersion: v1
resources:
- resources:
- secrets
providers:
- aescbc:
keys:
- name: key1
secret: SUpbL4juUYyvxj3/gonV5xVEx8j769/99TSAf8YT/sQ=
- identity: {}
EOFEtcd 数据加密可参考这篇 Encrypting data at rest。
在/etc/kubernetes/目录下，创建audit-policy.yml的进阶审核策略 YAML 文件：
代码语言：javascript复制$ cat <<EOF > /etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yml
apiVersion: audit.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Policy
rules:
- level: Metadata
EOF<<EOF > /etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yml
apiVersion: audit.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Policy
rules:
- level: Metadata
EOFAudit Policy 请参考这篇 Auditing。
下载kubelet.service相关文件来管理 kubelet：
代码语言：javascript复制$ export KUBELET_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/master"
$ mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
$ wget "${KUBELET_URL}/kubelet.service" -O /lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
$ wget "${KUBELET_URL}/10-kubelet.conf" -O /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubelet.confexport KUBELET_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/master"
$ mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
$ wget "${KUBELET_URL}/kubelet.service" -O /lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
$ wget "${KUBELET_URL}/10-kubelet.conf" -O /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubelet.conf最后创建 var 存放信息，然后启动 kubelet 服务:
代码语言：javascript复制$ mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet /var/log/kubernetes
$ systemctl enable kubelet.service && systemctl start kubelet.service-p /var/lib/kubelet /var/log/kubernetes
$ systemctl enable kubelet.service && systemctl start kubelet.service完成后会需要一段时间来下载镜像文件与启动组件，可以利用该指令来查看：
代码语言：javascript复制$ watch netstat -ntlp
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10248 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 23012/kubelet
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10251 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 22305/kube-schedule
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10252 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 22529/kube-controll
tcp6 0 0 :::6443 :::* LISTEN 22956/kube-apiserve-ntlp
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10248 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 23012/kubelet
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10251 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 22305/kube-schedule
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10252 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 22529/kube-controll
tcp6 0 0 :::6443 :::* LISTEN 22956/kube-apiserve若看到以上信息表示服务正常启动，若发生问题可以用docker cli来查看。
完成后，复制 admin kubeconfig 文件，并通过简单指令验证：
代码语言：javascript复制$ cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf ~/.kube/config
$ kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
etcd-0 Healthy {"health": "true"}
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
$ kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master1 NotReady master 4m v1.8.2
$ kubectl -n kube-system get po
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-apiserver-master1 1/1 Running 0 4m
kube-controller-manager-master1 1/1 Running 0 4m
kube-scheduler-master1 1/1 Running 0 4m/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf ~/.kube/config
$ kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
etcd-0 Healthy {"health": "true"}
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
$ kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master1 NotReady master 4m v1.8.2
$ kubectl -n kube-system get po
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-apiserver-master1 1/1 Running 0 4m
kube-controller-manager-master1 1/1 Running 0 4m
kube-scheduler-master1 1/1 Running 0 4m确认服务能够执行 logs 等指令：
代码语言：javascript复制$ kubectl -n kube-system logs -f kube-scheduler-master1
Error from server (Forbidden): Forbidden (user=kube-apiserver, verb=get, resource=nodes, subresource=proxy) ( pods/log kube-apiserver-master1)-n kube-system logs -f kube-scheduler-master1
Error from server (Forbidden): Forbidden (user=kube-apiserver, verb=get, resource=nodes, subresource=proxy) ( pods/log kube-apiserver-master1)这边会发现出现 403 Forbidden 问题，这是因为 kube-apiserver user 并没有 nodes 的资源权限，属于正常。
由于上述权限问题，我们必需创建一个 apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yml 来定义权限，以供我们执行 logs、exec 等指令：
代码语言：javascript复制$ cd /etc/kubernetes/
$ export URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/master"
$ wget "${URL}/apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yml.conf" -O apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yml
$ kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yml
# 測試 logs
$ kubectl -n kube-system logs -f kube-scheduler-master1
...
I1031 03:22:42.527697 1 leaderelection.go:184] successfully acquired lease kube-system/kube-scheduler/etc/kubernetes/
$ export URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/master"
$ wget "${URL}/apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yml.conf" -O apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yml
$ kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yml
# 測試 logs
$ kubectl -n kube-system logs -f kube-scheduler-master1
...
I1031 03:22:42.527697 1 leaderelection.go:184] successfully acquired lease kube-system/kube-schedulerKubernetes Node
Node 是主要执行容器实例的节点，可视为工作节点。在这步骤我们会下载 Kubernetes binary 文件，并创建 node 的 certificate 来提供给节点注册认证用。Kubernetes 使用Node Authorizer来提供Authorization mode，这种授权模式会替 Kubelet 生成 API request。
在开始前，我们先在master1将需要的 ca 与 cert 复制到 Node 节点上：
代码语言：javascript复制$ for NODE in node1 node2; do
ssh ${NODE} "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/"
ssh ${NODE} "mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl"
# Etcd ca and cert
for FILE in etcd-ca.pem etcd.pem etcd-key.pem; do
scp /etc/etcd/ssl/${FILE} ${NODE}:/etc/etcd/ssl/${FILE}
done
# Kubernetes ca and cert
for FILE in pki/ca.pem pki/ca-key.pem bootstrap.conf; do
scp /etc/kubernetes/${FILE} ${NODE}:/etc/kubernetes/${FILE}
done
donefor NODE in node1 node2; do
ssh ${NODE} "mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/"
ssh ${NODE} "mkdir -p /etc/etcd/ssl"
# Etcd ca and cert
for FILE in etcd-ca.pem etcd.pem etcd-key.pem; do
scp /etc/etcd/ssl/${FILE} ${NODE}:/etc/etcd/ssl/${FILE}
done
# Kubernetes ca and cert
for FILE in pki/ca.pem pki/ca-key.pem bootstrap.conf; do
scp /etc/kubernetes/${FILE} ${NODE}:/etc/kubernetes/${FILE}
done
done下载 Kubernetes 组件
首先通过网络取得所有需要的执行文件：
代码语言：javascript复制# Download Kubernetes
$ export KUBE_URL="https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.8.2/bin/linux/amd64"
$ wget "${KUBE_URL}/kubelet" -O /usr/local/bin/kubelet
$ chmod x /usr/local/bin/kubelet
# Download CNI
$ mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin && cd /opt/cni/bin
$ export CNI_URL="https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download"
$ wget -qO- --show-progress "${CNI_URL}/v0.6.0/cni-plugins-amd64-v0.6.0.tgz" | tar -zx
$ export KUBE_URL="https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.8.2/bin/linux/amd64"
$ wget "${KUBE_URL}/kubelet" -O /usr/local/bin/kubelet
$ chmod x /usr/local/bin/kubelet
# Download CNI
$ mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin && cd /opt/cni/bin
$ export CNI_URL="https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download"
$ wget -qO- --show-progress "${CNI_URL}/v0.6.0/cni-plugins-amd64-v0.6.0.tgz" | tar -zx设定 Kubernetes node
接着下载 Kubernetes 相关文件，包含 drop-in file、systemd service 档案等：
代码语言：javascript复制$ export KUBELET_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/node"
$ mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
$ wget "${KUBELET_URL}/kubelet.service" -O /lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
$ wget "${KUBELET_URL}/10-kubelet.conf" -O /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubelet.confexport KUBELET_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/node"
$ mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d
$ wget "${KUBELET_URL}/kubelet.service" -O /lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
$ wget "${KUBELET_URL}/10-kubelet.conf" -O /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubelet.conf接着在所有node创建 var 存放信息，然后启动 kubelet 服务:
代码语言：javascript复制$ mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet /var/log/kubernetes /etc/kubernetes/manifests
$ systemctl enable kubelet.service && systemctl start kubelet.service-p /var/lib/kubelet /var/log/kubernetes /etc/kubernetes/manifests
$ systemctl enable kubelet.service && systemctl start kubelet.serviceP.S. 重复一样动作来完成其他节点。
授权 Kubernetes Node
当所有节点都完成后，在master节点，因为我们采用 TLS Bootstrapping，所需要创建一个 ClusterRoleBinding：
代码语言：javascript复制$ kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper
--user=kubelet-bootstrap-bootstrap
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper
--user=kubelet-bootstrap在master通过简单指令验证，会看到节点处于pending：
代码语言：javascript复制$ kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-YWf97ZrLCTlr2hmXsNLfjVLwaLfZRsu52FRKOYjpcBE 2s kubelet-bootstrap Pending
node-csr-eq4q6ffOwT4yqYQNU6sT7mphPOQdFN6yulMVZeu6pkE 2s kubelet-bootstrap Pendingget csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-YWf97ZrLCTlr2hmXsNLfjVLwaLfZRsu52FRKOYjpcBE 2s kubelet-bootstrap Pending
node-csr-eq4q6ffOwT4yqYQNU6sT7mphPOQdFN6yulMVZeu6pkE 2s kubelet-bootstrap Pending通过 kubectl 来允许节点加入集群：
代码语言：javascript复制$ kubectl get csr | awk '/Pending/ {print $1}' | xargs kubectl certificate approve
certificatesigningrequest "node-csr-YWf97ZrLCTlr2hmXsNLfjVLwaLfZRsu52FRKOYjpcBE" approved
certificatesigningrequest "node-csr-eq4q6ffOwT4yqYQNU6sT7mphPOQdFN6yulMVZeu6pkE" approved
$ kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-YWf97ZrLCTlr2hmXsNLfjVLwaLfZRsu52FRKOYjpcBE 30s kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
node-csr-eq4q6ffOwT4yqYQNU6sT7mphPOQdFN6yulMVZeu6pkE 30s kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
$ kubectl get no
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master1 NotReady master 15m v1.8.2
node1 NotReady <none> 8m v1.8.2
node2 NotReady <none> 6s v1.8.2get csr | awk '/Pending/ {print $1}' | xargs kubectl certificate approve
certificatesigningrequest "node-csr-YWf97ZrLCTlr2hmXsNLfjVLwaLfZRsu52FRKOYjpcBE" approved
certificatesigningrequest "node-csr-eq4q6ffOwT4yqYQNU6sT7mphPOQdFN6yulMVZeu6pkE" approved
$ kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr-YWf97ZrLCTlr2hmXsNLfjVLwaLfZRsu52FRKOYjpcBE 30s kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
node-csr-eq4q6ffOwT4yqYQNU6sT7mphPOQdFN6yulMVZeu6pkE 30s kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
$ kubectl get no
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master1 NotReady master 15m v1.8.2
node1 NotReady <none> 8m v1.8.2
node2 NotReady <none> 6s v1.8.2Kubernetes Core Addons 部署
当完成上面所有步骤后，接着我们需要安装一些插件，而这些有部分是非常重要跟好用的，如Kube-dns与Kube-proxy等。
Kube-proxy addon
Kube-proxy 是实现 Service 的关键组件，kube-proxy 会在每台节点上执行，然后监听 API Server 的 Service 与 Endpoint 资源对象的改变，然后来依据变化执行 iptables 来实现网络的转发。这边我们会需要建议一个 DaemonSet 来执行，并且创建一些需要的 certificate。Kubernetes 1.8 kube-proxy 开启 ipvs
首先在master1下载kube-proxy-csr.json文件，并产生 kube-proxy certificate 证书：
代码语言：javascript复制$ export PKI_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/pki"
$ cd /etc/kubernetes/pki
$ wget "${PKI_URL}/kube-proxy-csr.json" "${PKI_URL}/ca-config.json"
$ cfssl gencert
-ca=ca.pem
-ca-key=ca-key.pem
-config=ca-config.json
-profile=kubernetes
kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
$ ls kube-proxy*.pem
kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pemexport PKI_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/pki"
$ cd /etc/kubernetes/pki
$ wget "${PKI_URL}/kube-proxy-csr.json" "${PKI_URL}/ca-config.json"
$ cfssl gencert
-ca=ca.pem
-ca-key=ca-key.pem
-config=ca-config.json
-profile=kubernetes
kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
$ ls kube-proxy*.pem
kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem接着透过以下指令生成名称为 kube-proxy.conf 的 kubeconfig 文件：
代码语言：javascript复制# kube-proxy set-cluster
$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server="https://172.16.35.12:6443"
--kubeconfig=../kube-proxy.conf
# kube-proxy set-credentials
$ kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-proxy
--client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem
--client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem
--embed-certs=true
--kubeconfig=../kube-proxy.conf
# kube-proxy set-context
$ kubectl config set-context system:kube-proxy@kubernetes
--cluster=kubernetes
--user=system:kube-proxy
--kubeconfig=../kube-proxy.conf
# kube-proxy set default context
$ kubectl config use-context system:kube-proxy@kubernetes
--kubeconfig=../kube-proxy.conf
$ kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes
--certificate-authority=ca.pem
--embed-certs=true
--server="https://172.16.35.12:6443"
--kubeconfig=../kube-proxy.conf
# kube-proxy set-credentials
$ kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-proxy
--client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem
--client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem
--embed-certs=true
--kubeconfig=../kube-proxy.conf
# kube-proxy set-context
$ kubectl config set-context system:kube-proxy@kubernetes
--cluster=kubernetes
--user=system:kube-proxy
--kubeconfig=../kube-proxy.conf
# kube-proxy set default context
$ kubectl config use-context system:kube-proxy@kubernetes
--kubeconfig=../kube-proxy.conf完成后删除不必要文件：
代码语言：javascript复制$ rm -rf *.json-rf *.json确认/etc/kubernetes有以下文件：
代码语言：javascript复制$ ls /etc/kubernetes/
admin.conf bootstrap.conf encryption.yml kube-proxy.conf pki token.csv
audit-policy.yml controller-manager.conf kubelet.conf manifests scheduler.conf/etc/kubernetes/
admin.conf bootstrap.conf encryption.yml kube-proxy.conf pki token.csv
audit-policy.yml controller-manager.conf kubelet.conf manifests scheduler.conf在master1将kube-proxy相关文件复制到 Node 节点上：
代码语言：javascript复制$ for NODE in node1 node2; do
for FILE in pki/kube-proxy.pem pki/kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.conf; do
scp /etc/kubernetes/${FILE} ${NODE}:/etc/kubernetes/${FILE}
done
donefor NODE in node1 node2; do
for FILE in pki/kube-proxy.pem pki/kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.conf; do
scp /etc/kubernetes/${FILE} ${NODE}:/etc/kubernetes/${FILE}
done
done完成后，在master1通过 kubectl 来创建 kube-proxy daemon：
代码语言：javascript复制$ export ADDON_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/addon"
$ mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/addons && cd /etc/kubernetes/addons
$ wget "${ADDON_URL}/kube-proxy.yml.conf" -O kube-proxy.yml
$ kubectl apply -f kube-proxy.yml
$ kubectl -n kube-system get po -l k8s-app=kube-proxy
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-proxy-bpp7q 1/1 Running 0 47s
kube-proxy-cztvh 1/1 Running 0 47s
kube-proxy-q7mm4 1/1 Running 0 47sexport ADDON_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/addon"
$ mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/addons && cd /etc/kubernetes/addons
$ wget "${ADDON_URL}/kube-proxy.yml.conf" -O kube-proxy.yml
$ kubectl apply -f kube-proxy.yml
$ kubectl -n kube-system get po -l k8s-app=kube-proxy
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-proxy-bpp7q 1/1 Running 0 47s
kube-proxy-cztvh 1/1 Running 0 47s
kube-proxy-q7mm4 1/1 Running 0 47sKube-dns addon
Kube DNS 是 Kubernetes 集群内部 Pod 之间互相沟通的重要 Addon，它允许 Pod 可以通过 Domain Name 方式来连接 Service，其主要由 Kube DNS 与 Sky DNS 组合而成，通过 Kube DNS 监听 Service 与 Endpoint 变化，来提供给 Sky DNS 信息，已更新解析地址。
安装只需要在master1通过 kubectl 来创建 kube-dns deployment 即可：
代码语言：javascript复制$ export ADDON_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/addon"
$ wget "${ADDON_URL}/kube-dns.yml.conf" -O kube-dns.yml
$ kubectl apply -f kube-dns.yml
$ kubectl -n kube-system get po -l k8s-app=kube-dns
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-dns-6cb549f55f-h4zr5 0/3 Pending 0 40sexport ADDON_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/addon"
$ wget "${ADDON_URL}/kube-dns.yml.conf" -O kube-dns.yml
$ kubectl apply -f kube-dns.yml
$ kubectl -n kube-system get po -l k8s-app=kube-dns
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-dns-6cb549f55f-h4zr5 0/3 Pending 0 40sCalico Network 安装与设定
Calico 是一款纯 Layer 3 的数据中心网络方案(不需要 Overlay 网络)，Calico 好处是他已与各种云原生平台有良好的整合，而 Calico 在每一个节点利用 Linux Kernel 实现高效的 vRouter 来负责数据的转发，而当数据中心复杂度增加时，可以用 BGP route reflector 来达成。
首先在master1通过 kubectl 建立 Calico policy controller：
代码语言：javascript复制$ export CALICO_CONF_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/network"
$ wget "${CALICO_CONF_URL}/calico-controller.yml.conf" -O calico-controller.yml
$ kubectl apply -f calico-controller.yml
$ kubectl -n kube-system get po -l k8s-app=calico-policy
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-policy-controller-5ff8b4549d-tctmm 0/1 Pending 0 5sexport CALICO_CONF_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/network"
$ wget "${CALICO_CONF_URL}/calico-controller.yml.conf" -O calico-controller.yml
$ kubectl apply -f calico-controller.yml
$ kubectl -n kube-system get po -l k8s-app=calico-policy
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-policy-controller-5ff8b4549d-tctmm 0/1 Pending 0 5s在master1下载 Calico CLI 工具：
代码语言：javascript复制$ wget https://github.com/projectcalico/calicoctl/releases/download/v1.6.1/calicoctl
$ chmod x calicoctl && mv calicoctl /usr/local/bin/://github.com/projectcalico/calicoctl/releases/download/v1.6.1/calicoctl
$ chmod x calicoctl && mv calicoctl /usr/local/bin/然后在所有节点下载 Calico，并执行以下步骤：
代码语言：javascript复制$ export CALICO_URL="https://github.com/projectcalico/cni-plugin/releases/download/v1.11.0"
$ wget -N -P /opt/cni/bin ${CALICO_URL}/calico
$ wget -N -P /opt/cni/bin ${CALICO_URL}/calico-ipam
$ chmod x /opt/cni/bin/calico /opt/cni/bin/calico-ipamexport CALICO_URL="https://github.com/projectcalico/cni-plugin/releases/download/v1.11.0"
$ wget -N -P /opt/cni/bin ${CALICO_URL}/calico
$ wget -N -P /opt/cni/bin ${CALICO_URL}/calico-ipam
$ chmod x /opt/cni/bin/calico /opt/cni/bin/calico-ipam接着在所有节点下载 CNI plugins配置文件，以及 calico-node.service：
代码语言：javascript复制$ mkdir -p /etc/cni/net.d
$ export CALICO_CONF_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/network"
$ wget "${CALICO_CONF_URL}/10-calico.conf" -O /etc/cni/net.d/10-calico.conf
$ wget "${CALICO_CONF_URL}/calico-node.service" -O /lib/systemd/system/calico-node.service-p /etc/cni/net.d
$ export CALICO_CONF_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/network"
$ wget "${CALICO_CONF_URL}/10-calico.conf" -O /etc/cni/net.d/10-calico.conf
$ wget "${CALICO_CONF_URL}/calico-node.service" -O /lib/systemd/system/calico-node.service若部署的机器是使用虚拟机，如 Virtualbox 等的话，请修改calico-node.service文件，并在IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD(包含 IP6)部分指定绑定的网卡，以避免默认绑定到 NAT 网络上。
之后在所有节点启动 Calico-node:
代码语言：javascript复制$ systemctl enable calico-node.service && systemctl start calico-node.service-node.service && systemctl start calico-node.service在master1查看 Calico nodes:
代码语言：javascript复制$ cat <<EOF > ~/calico-rc
export ETCD_ENDPOINTS="https://172.16.35.12:2379"
export ETCD_CA_CERT_FILE="/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem"
export ETCD_CERT_FILE="/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem"
export ETCD_KEY_FILE="/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem"
EOF
$ . ~/calico-rc
$ calicoctl get node -o wide
NAME ASN IPV4 IPV6
master1 (64512) 172.16.35.12/24
node1 (64512) 172.16.35.10/24
node2 (64512) 172.16.35.11/24<<EOF > ~/calico-rc
export ETCD_ENDPOINTS="https://172.16.35.12:2379"
export ETCD_CA_CERT_FILE="/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem"
export ETCD_CERT_FILE="/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem"
export ETCD_KEY_FILE="/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem"
EOF
$ . ~/calico-rc
$ calicoctl get node -o wide
NAME ASN IPV4 IPV6
master1 (64512) 172.16.35.12/24
node1 (64512) 172.16.35.10/24
node2 (64512) 172.16.35.11/24查看 pending 的 pod 是否已执行：
代码语言：javascript复制$ kubectl -n kube-system get po
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-policy-controller-5ff8b4549d-tctmm 1/1 Running 0 4m
kube-apiserver-master1 1/1 Running 0 20m
kube-controller-manager-master1 1/1 Running 0 20m
kube-dns-6cb549f55f-h4zr5 3/3 Running 0 5m
kube-proxy-fnrkb 1/1 Running 0 6m
kube-proxy-l72bq 1/1 Running 0 6m
kube-proxy-m6rfw 1/1 Running 0 6m
kube-scheduler-master1 1/1 Running 0 20m-n kube-system get po
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-policy-controller-5ff8b4549d-tctmm 1/1 Running 0 4m
kube-apiserver-master1 1/1 Running 0 20m
kube-controller-manager-master1 1/1 Running 0 20m
kube-dns-6cb549f55f-h4zr5 3/3 Running 0 5m
kube-proxy-fnrkb 1/1 Running 0 6m
kube-proxy-l72bq 1/1 Running 0 6m
kube-proxy-m6rfw 1/1 Running 0 6m
kube-scheduler-master1 1/1 Running 0 20m最后若想省事，可以直接用 Standard Hosted 方式安装。
Kubernetes Extra Addons 部署
本节说明如何部署一些官方常用的 Addons，如 Dashboard、Heapster 等。
Dashboard addon
Dashboard 是 Kubernetes 社区官方开发的仪表板，有了仪表板后管理者就能够透过 Web-based 方式来管理 Kubernetes 集群，除了提升管理方便，也让资源可视化，让人更直觉看见系统信息的呈现结果。
首先我们要建立kubernetes-dashboard-certs，来提供给 Dashboard TLS 使用：
代码语言：javascript复制$ mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/addons/certs && cd /etc/kubernetes/addons
$ openssl genrsa -des3 -passout pass:x -out certs/dashboard.pass.key 2048
$ openssl rsa -passin pass:x -in certs/dashboard.pass.key -out certs/dashboard.key
$ openssl req -new -key certs/dashboard.key -out certs/dashboard.csr -subj '/CN=kube-dashboard'
$ openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -in certs/dashboard.csr -signkey certs/dashboard.key -out certs/dashboard.crt
$ rm certs/dashboard.pass.key
$ kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs
--from-file=certs -n kube-system-p /etc/kubernetes/addons/certs && cd /etc/kubernetes/addons
$ openssl genrsa -des3 -passout pass:x -out certs/dashboard.pass.key 2048
$ openssl rsa -passin pass:x -in certs/dashboard.pass.key -out certs/dashboard.key
$ openssl req -new -key certs/dashboard.key -out certs/dashboard.csr -subj '/CN=kube-dashboard'
$ openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -in certs/dashboard.csr -signkey certs/dashboard.key -out certs/dashboard.crt
$ rm certs/dashboard.pass.key
$ kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs
--from-file=certs -n kube-system接着在master1通过 kubectl 来建立 kubernetes dashboard 即可：
代码语言：javascript复制$ export ADDON_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/addon"
$ wget ${ADDON_URL}/kube-dashboard.yml.conf -O kube-dashboard.yml
$ kubectl apply -f kube-dashboard.yml
$ kubectl -n kube-system get po,svc -l k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
po/kubernetes-dashboard-747c4f7cf-md5m8 1/1 Running 0 56s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
svc/kubernetes-dashboard ClusterIP 10.98.120.209 <none> 443/TCP 56sexport ADDON_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/addon"
$ wget ${ADDON_URL}/kube-dashboard.yml.conf -O kube-dashboard.yml
$ kubectl apply -f kube-dashboard.yml
$ kubectl -n kube-system get po,svc -l k8s-app=kubernetes-dashboard
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
po/kubernetes-dashboard-747c4f7cf-md5m8 1/1 Running 0 56s
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
svc/kubernetes-dashboard ClusterIP 10.98.120.209 <none> 443/TCP 56sP.S. 这边会额外创建一个名称为anonymous-open-door Cluster Role Binding，这仅作为方便测试时使用，在一般情况下不要开启，不然就会直接被存取所有 API。
完成后，就可以透过浏览器访问 Dashboard，https://172.16.35.12:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/
Heapster addon
Heapster 是 Kubernetes 社区维护的容器集群监控分析工具。Heapster 会从 Kubernetes apiserver 获得所有 Node 信息，然后再通过这些 Node 来获得 kubelet 上的数据，最后再将所有收集到数据送到 Heapster 的后台储存 InfluxDB，最后利用 Grafana 来抓取 InfluxDB 的数据源来进行可视化。
在master1通过 kubectl 来创建 kubernetes monitor 即可：
代码语言：javascript复制$ export ADDON_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/addon"
$ wget ${ADDON_URL}/kube-monitor.yml.conf -O kube-monitor.yml
$ kubectl apply -f kube-monitor.yml
$ kubectl -n kube-system get po,svc
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
...
po/heapster-74fb5c8cdc-62xzc 4/4 Running 0 7m
po/influxdb-grafana-55bd7df44-nw4nc 2/2 Running 0 7m
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
...
svc/heapster ClusterIP 10.100.242.225 <none> 80/TCP 7m
svc/monitoring-grafana ClusterIP 10.101.106.180 <none> 80/TCP 7m
svc/monitoring-influxdb ClusterIP 10.109.245.142 <none> 8083/TCP,8086/TCP 7m
···export ADDON_URL="https://kairen.github.io/files/manual-v1.8/addon"
$ wget ${ADDON_URL}/kube-monitor.yml.conf -O kube-monitor.yml
$ kubectl apply -f kube-monitor.yml
$ kubectl -n kube-system get po,svc
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
...
po/heapster-74fb5c8cdc-62xzc 4/4 Running 0 7m
po/influxdb-grafana-55bd7df44-nw4nc 2/2 Running 0 7m
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
...
svc/heapster ClusterIP 10.100.242.225 <none> 80/TCP 7m
svc/monitoring-grafana ClusterIP 10.101.106.180 <none> 80/TCP 7m
svc/monitoring-influxdb ClusterIP 10.109.245.142 <none> 8083/TCP,8086/TCP 7m
···完成后，就可以透过浏览器存取 Grafana Dashboard，https://172.16.35.12:6443/api/v1/proxy/namespaces/kube-system/services/monitoring-grafana
简单部署 Nginx 服务
Kubernetes 可以选择使用指令直接创建应用程序与服务，或者撰写 YAML 与 JSON 档案来描述部署应用程序的配置，以下将创建一个简单的 Nginx 服务：
代码语言：javascript复制$ kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --port=80
$ kubectl expose deploy nginx --port=80 --type=LoadBalancer --external-ip=172.16.35.12
$ kubectl get svc,po
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
svc/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 1h
svc/nginx LoadBalancer 10.97.121.243 172.16.35.12 80:30344/TCP 22s
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
po/nginx-7cbc4b4d9c-7796l 1/1 Running 0 28s 192.160.57.181 ,172.16.35.12 80:32054/TCP 21s--image=nginx --port=80
$ kubectl expose deploy nginx --port=80 --type=LoadBalancer --external-ip=172.16.35.12
$ kubectl get svc,po
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
svc/kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 1h
svc/nginx LoadBalancer 10.97.121.243 172.16.35.12 80:30344/TCP 22s
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
po/nginx-7cbc4b4d9c-7796l 1/1 Running 0 28s 192.160.57.181 ,172.16.35.12 80:32054/TCP 21s这边type可以选择 NodePort 与 LoadBalancer，在本地裸机部署，两者差异在于NodePort只映射 Host port 到 Container port，而LoadBalancer则继承NodePort额外多出映射 Host target port 到 Container port。
确认没问题后即可在浏览器存取 http://172.16.35.12
扩展服务数量
若集群node节点增加了，而想让 Nginx 服务提供可靠性的话，可以通过以下方式来扩展服务的副本：
代码语言：javascript复制$ kubectl scale deploy nginx --replicas=2
$ kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
nginx-158599303-0h9lr 1/1 Running 0 25s 10.244.100.5 node2
nginx-158599303-k7cbt 1/1 Running 0 1m 10.244.24.3 node1--replicas=2
$ kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
nginx-158599303-0h9lr 1/1 Running 0 25s 10.244.100.5 node2
nginx-158599303-k7cbt 1/1 Running 0 1m 10.244.24.3 node1
