# 动态SQL
- 简介&环境搭建
- if-判断&OGNL
- OGNL
- where-查询条件
- trim-自定义字符串截取
- choose-分支选择
- set-与if结合的动态更新
- foreach-遍历集合
- foreach-mysql下foreach批量插入的两种方式
- foreach-oracle下foreach批量插入两种方式
- foreach-oracle下foreach批量保存两种方式
- 内置参数 parameter & databaseId
- bind-绑定
- sql-抽取可重用的sql片段
# 简介&环境搭建
动态 SQL 是 MyBatis 的强大特性之一。如果你使用过 JDBC 或其它类似的框架,你应该能理解根据不同条件拼接 SQL 语句有多痛苦,例如拼接时要确保不能忘记添加必要的空格,还要注意去掉列表最后一个列名的逗号。利用动态 SQL,可以彻底摆脱这种痛苦。
使用动态 SQL 并非一件易事,但借助可用于任何 SQL 映射语句中的强大的动态 SQL 语言,MyBatis 显著地提升了这一特性的易用性。
如果你之前用过 JSTL 或任何基于类 XML 语言的文本处理器,你对动态 SQL 元素可能会感觉似曾相识。在 MyBatis 之前的版本中,需要花时间了解大量的元素。借助功能强大的基于 OGNL 的表达式,MyBatis 3 替换了之前的大部分元素,大大精简了元素种类,现在要学习的元素种类比原来的一半还要少。
- if
- choose (when, otherwise):分支选择;带了break的swtich-case 如果带了id就用id查,如果带了lastName就用lastName查;只会进入其中一个
- trim 字符串截取(where(封装查询条件), set(封装修改条件))
- foreach
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.java
代码语言:javascript复制 public interface EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL {
}
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.xml
代码语言:javascript复制<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.frx01.mybatis.dao.EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL">
</mapper>
# if-判断&OGNL
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.java
代码语言:javascript复制public interface EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL {
//携带了哪个字段查询条件就带上这个字段的值
public List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionIf(Employee employee);
}
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.xml
代码语言:javascript复制<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.frx01.mybatis.dao.EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL">
<!-- 查询员工,要求,携带了哪个字段查询条件就带上这个字段的值 -->
<!-- public List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionIf(Employee employee); -->
<select id="getEmpsByConditionIf" resultType="com.frx01.mybatis.bean.Employee">
select * from tbl_employee where
<!-- test:判断表达式(OGNL)
OGNL参照PPT或者官方文档。
c:if test
从参数中取值进行判断
遇见特殊符号应该去写转义字符:
&&:
-->
<if test="id!=null">
id=#{id}
</if>
<if test="lastName!=null && lastName!=""">
and last_name like #{lastName}
</if>
<if test="email!=null and email.trim()!=""">
and email=#{email}
</if>
<!-- ognl会进行字符串与数字的转换判断 "0"==0 -->
<if test="gender==0 or gender==1">
and gender=#{gender}
</if>
</select>
</mapper>
MyBasicTest.java
代码语言:javascript复制public class MyBasicTest {
public SqlSessionFactory getSqlSessionFactory() throws IOException{
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
return new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
}
@Test
public void testDynamicSql() throws IOException {
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
try {
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.class);
Employee employee = new Employee(3, "%e%", "jerry@123.com", null);
List<Employee> emps = mapper.getEmpsByConditionIf(employee);
for (Employee emp : emps) {
System.out.println(emp);
}
}finally {
openSession.close();
}
}
}
# OGNL
OGNL官方文档 (opens new window)
OGNL( Object Graph Navigation Language )对象图导航语言, 这是一种强大的表达式语言,通过它可以非常方便的来操作对象属性。 类似于我们的EL, SpEL等。
- 访问对象属性: person.name
- 调用方法: person.getName()
- 调用静态属性/方法: @java.lang.Math@PI、@java.util.UUID@randomUUID()
- 调用构造方法: new com.lun.Person(‘admin’).name
- 运算符: , -*, /, %
- 逻辑运算符: in, not in, >, >=, <, <=, ==, !=
注意: xml中特殊符号如”,>,<等这些都需要使用转义字符
访问集合伪属性:
类型 | 伪属性 | 伪属性对应的 Java 方法 |
---|---|---|
List、 Set、 Map | size、 isEmpty | List/Set/Map.size(),List/Set/Map.isEmpty() |
List、 Set | iterator | List.iterator()、 Set.iterator() |
Map | keys、 values | Map.keySet()、 Map.values() |
Iterator | next、 hasNext | Iterator.next()、 Iterator.hasNext() |
# where-查询条件
查询的时候如果某些条件没带可能sql拼装会有问题
- 给where后面加上1=1,以后的条件都and xxx。
- mybatis使用where标签来将所有的查询条件包括在内。mybatis就会将where标签中拼装的sql,多出来的and或者or去掉(where只会去掉第一个多出来的and或者or,但最后一个多出来的and或者or则不会去掉)。
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.xml
代码语言:javascript复制<select id="getEmpsByConditionIf" resultType="com.frx01.mybatis.bean.Employee">
select * from tbl_employee
<!--where-->
<where>
<!-- test:判断表达式(OGNL)
OGNL参照PPT或者官方文档。
c:if test
从参数中取值进行判断
遇见特殊符号应该去写转义字符:
&&:
-->
<if test="id!=null">
and id=#{id}
</if>
<if test="lastName!=null && lastName!=""">
and last_name like #{lastName}
</if>
<if test="email!=null and email.trim()!=""">
and email=#{email}
</if>
<!-- ognl会进行字符串与数字的转换判断 "0"==0 -->
<if test="gender==0 or gender==1">
and gender=#{gender}
</if>
</where>
</select>
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.java
代码语言:javascript复制public interface EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL {
public List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionIfWhere(Employee employee);
}
MyBasicTest.java
代码语言:javascript复制 @Test
public void testGetEmpsByConditionIfWithWhere() throws IOException {
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
try {
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.class);
Employee employee = new Employee(null, "%e%", "jerry@123.com", null);
List<Employee> emps = mapper.getEmpsByConditionIfWhere(employee);
for (Employee emp : emps) {
System.out.println(emp);
}
}finally {
openSession.close();
}
}
# trim-自定义字符串截取
后面多出的and或者or where标签不能解决
- prefix="":前缀:trim标签体中是整个字符串拼串后的结果。
- prefix给拼串后的整个字符串加一个前缀
- prefixOverrides="":
- 前缀覆盖: 去掉整个字符串前面多余的字符
- suffix="":后缀
- suffix给拼串后的整个字符串加一个后缀
- suffixOverrides="" 后缀覆盖:去掉整个字符串后面多余的字符
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.java
代码语言:javascript复制public interface EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL {
public List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionTrim(Employee employee);
}
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.xml
代码语言:javascript复制<!--public List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionTrim(Employee employee);-->
<select id="getEmpsByConditionTrim" resultType="com.frx01.mybatis.bean.Employee">
select * from tbl_employee
<!--后面多出的and或者or where标签不能解决-->
<!-- 自定义字符串的截取规则 -->
<trim prefix="where" suffixOverrides="and">
<if test="id!=null">
id=#{id} and
</if>
<if test="lastName!=null && lastName!=""">
last_name like #{lastName} and
</if>
<if test="email!=null and email.trim()!=""">
email=#{email} and
</if>
<!-- ognl会进行字符串与数字的转换判断 "0"==0 -->
<if test="gender==0 or gender==1">
gender=#{gender}
</if>
</trim>
</select>
MyBasicTest.java
代码语言:javascript复制 @Test
public void testGetEmpsByConditionTrim() throws IOException {
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
try {
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.class);
Employee employee = new Employee(null, "%e%", "jerry@123.com", null);
List<Employee> emps = mapper.getEmpsByConditionTrim(employee);
for (Employee emp : emps) {
System.out.println(emp);
}
}finally {
openSession.close();
}
}
# choose-分支选择
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.java
代码语言:javascript复制public interface EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL {
public List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionChoose(Employee employee);
}
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.xml
代码语言:javascript复制 <!--public List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionChoose(Employee employee);-->
<select id="getEmpsByConditionChoose" resultType="com.frx01.mybatis.bean.Employee">
select * from tbl_employee
<where>
<!--如果带了id就用id差,如果带了lastName就用lastName差;只会进入其中一个-->
<choose>
<when test="id!=null">
id=#{id}
</when>
<when test="lastName!=null">
last_Name like #{lastName}
</when>
<when test="email!=null">
email=#{email}
</when>
<otherwise>
gender=0
</otherwise>
</choose>
</where>
</select>
MyBasicTest.java
代码语言:javascript复制 @Test
public void testGetEmpsByConditionChoose() throws IOException {
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
try {
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.class);
Employee employee = new Employee(null, "%e%", "jerry@123.com", null);
List<Employee> emps = mapper.getEmpsByConditionChoose(employee);
for (Employee emp : emps) {
System.out.println(emp);
}
}finally {
openSession.close();
}
}
# set-与if结合的动态更新
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.java
代码语言:javascript复制public interface EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL {
public void updateEmp(Employee employee);
}
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.xml
代码语言:javascript复制 <!--public void updateEmp(Employee employee);-->
<update id="updateEmp">
update tbl_employee
<!--set标签的使用-->
<set>
<if test="lastName!=null">
last_name=#{lastName},
</if>
<if test="email!=null">
email=#{email},
</if>
<if test="gender!=gender">
gender=#{gender}
</if>
</set>
where id=#{id}
<!--trim标签的使用-->
<!--<trim prefix="set" suffixOverrides=",">-->
<!-- <if test="lastName!=null">-->
<!-- last_name=#{lastName},-->
<!-- </if>-->
<!-- <if test="email!=null">-->
<!-- email=#{email},-->
<!-- </if>-->
<!-- <if test="gender!=gender">-->
<!-- gender=#{gender}-->
<!-- </if>-->
<!--</trim>-->
<!--where id=#{id}-->
</update>
MyBasicTest.java
代码语言:javascript复制 @Test
public void testGetEmpsByConditionSet() throws IOException {
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
try {
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.class);
Employee employee = new Employee(1, "admin", null, null);
mapper.updateEmp(employee);
}finally {
openSession.close();
}
}
# foreach-遍历集合
- collection:指定要遍历的集合:
- list类型的参数会特殊处理封装在map中,map的key就叫list
- item:将当前遍历出的元素赋值给指定的变量
- separator:每个元素之间的分隔符
- open:遍历出所有结果拼接一个开始的字符
- close:遍历出所有结果拼接一个结束的字符
- index:索引。遍历list的时候是index就是索引,item就是当前值
- 遍历map的时候index表示的就是map的key,item就是map的值
#{变量名}
就能取出变量的值也就是当前遍历出的元素
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.java
代码语言:javascript复制public interface EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL {
//查询员工id在给定集合中
public List<Employee> getEmpsByConditionForeach(List<Integer> ids);
}
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.xml
代码语言:javascript复制 <!--public List<Employee> getEmpsByCon ditionForeach(List<Integer> ids);-->
<select id="getEmpsByConditionForeach" resultType="com.frx01.mybatis.bean.Employee">
select * from tbl_employee where id in
<foreach collection="list" item="item_id" separator=","
open="(" close=")" >
#{item_id}
</foreach>
</select>
MyBasicTest.java
代码语言:javascript复制 @Test
public void testGetEmpsByConditionForeach() throws IOException {
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
try {
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.class);
Employee employee = new Employee(1, "admin", null, null);
List<Employee> empsByConditionForeach = mapper.getEmpsByConditionForeach(Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4));
for (Employee employee1 : empsByConditionForeach) {
System.out.println(employee1);
}
}finally {
openSession.close();
}
}
# foreach-mysql下foreach批量插入的两种方式
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.java
代码语言:javascript复制public interface EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL {
public void addEmps(@Param("emps") List<Employee> emps);
public void addEmps2(@Param("emps2") List<Employee> emps);
}
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.xml
代码语言:javascript复制 <!--批量保存-->
<!--public void addEmps(@Param("emps") List<Employee> emps);-->
<!--MySQL下批量保存:可以foreach遍历 mysql支持values(),()语法-->
<insert id="addEmps">
insert into tbl_employee (last_name,email,gender,d_id)
values
<foreach collection="emps" item="emp" separator=",">
(#{emp.lastName},#{emp.email},#{emp.gender},#{emp.dept.id})
</foreach>
</insert>
<!-- 这种方式需要数据库连接属性allowMultiQueries=true;
这种分号分隔多个sql可以用于其他的批量操作(删除,修改) -->
<insert id="addEmps2">
<foreach collection="emps2" item="emp" separator=";">
insert into tbl_employee (last_name,email,gender,d_id)
values(#{emp.lastName},#{emp.email},#{emp.gender},#{emp.dept.id})
</foreach>
</insert>
注意,MySQL数据库连接属性allowMultiQueries=true,才能批量删除,修改数据。(在连接MySQL的URL后添加参数)。
MyBasicTest.java
代码语言:javascript复制 @Test
public void testaddEmps() throws IOException {
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
try {
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.class);
ArrayList<Employee> employees = new ArrayList<>();
employees.add(new Employee(null,"smith","smith@athome.com","1",new Department(1)));
employees.add(new Employee(null,"allen","allen@athome.com","0",new Department(1)));
mapper.addEmps(employees);
}finally {
openSession.close();
}
}
@Test
public void testaddEmps2() throws IOException {
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
SqlSession openSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
try {
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL mapper = openSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.class);
ArrayList<Employee> employees = new ArrayList<>();
employees.add(new Employee(null,"smith","smith@athome.com","1",new Department(1)));
employees.add(new Employee(null,"allen","allen@athome.com","0",new Department(1)));
mapper.addEmps2(employees);
}finally {
openSession.close();
}
}
# foreach-oracle下foreach批量插入两种方式
Oracle数据库批量保存:
- Oracle不支持values(),(),()
Oracle支持的批量方式:
- 多个insert放在begin - end里面
- 利用中间表
# 多个insert放在begin - end里面
begin
insert into employees(employee_id,last_name,email)
values(employees_seq.nextval,'test_001','test_001@atguigu.com');
insert into employees(employee_id,last_name,email)
values(employees_seq.nextval,'test_002','test_002@atguigu.com');
end;
# 利用中间表
insert into employees(employee_id,last_name,email)
select employees_seq.nextval,lastName,email from(
select 'test_a_01' lastName,'test_a_e01' email from dual
union
select 'test_a_02' lastName,'test_a_e02' email from dual
union
select 'test_a_03' lastName,'test_a_e03' email from dual
);
# foreach-oracle下foreach批量保存两种方式
代码语言:javascript复制<insert id="addEmps" databaseId="oracle">
<!-- oracle第一种批量方式 -->
<!--
<foreach collection="emps" item="emp" open="begin" close="end;">
insert into employees(employee_id,last_name,email)
values(employees_seq.nextval,#{emp.lastName},#{emp.email});
</foreach>
-->
<!-- oracle第二种批量方式 -->
insert into employees(employee_id,last_name,email)
<foreach collection="emps" item="emp" separator="union"
open="select employees_seq.nextval,lastName,email from("
close=")">
select #{emp.lastName} lastName,#{emp.email} email from dual
</foreach>
</insert>
# 内置参数 _parameter & _databaseId
不只是方法传递过来的参数可以被用来判断,
mybatis默认还有两个内置参数:
- _parameter:代表整个参数
- 单个参数:_parameter就是这个参数
- 多个参数:参数会被封装为一个map;_parameter就是代表这个map
- _databaseId:如果配置了databaseIdProvider标签。
- _databaseId就是代表当前数据库的别名oracle
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.java
代码语言:javascript复制public interface EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL {
public List<Employee> getEmpsTestInnerParameter(Employee employee);
}
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.xml
代码语言:javascript复制 <!--public List<Employee> getEmpsTestInnerParameter(Employee employee);-->
<select id="getEmpsTestInnerParameter" resultType="com.frx01.mybatis.bean.Employee">
<if test="_databaseId=='mysql'">
select * from tbl_employee
<if test="_parameter!=null">
where last_name=#{_parameter.lastName}
</if>
</if>
<if test="databaseId=='oracle'" >
select * from employees
<if test="_parameter!=null">
where last_name=#{_parameter.lastName}
</if>
</if>
</select>
# bind-绑定
bind 元素可以从 OGNL 表达式中创建一个变量并将其绑定到上下文。
EmployeeMapperDynamicSQL.xml
代码语言:javascript复制 <!--public List<Employee> getEmpsTestInnerParameter(Employee employee);-->
<select id="getEmpsTestInnerParameter" resultType="com.frx01.mybatis.bean.Employee">
<!--bind:可以将OGNL表达式的值绑定到一个变量中,方便后来引用这个变量的值-->
<bind name="" value="'_' lastName '%'"/> <!-- '_' lastName '%' -->
<if test="_databaseId=='mysql'">
select * from tbl_employee
<if test="_parameter!=null">
where last_name like #{lastName}
</if>
</if>
<if test="databaseId=='oracle'" >
select * from employees
<if test="_parameter!=null">
where last_name=#{_parameter.lastName}
</if>
</if>
</select>
# sql-抽取可重用的sql片段
抽取可重用的sql片段。方便后面引用:
- sql抽取:经常将要查询的列名,或者插入用的列名抽取出来方便引用
- include来引用已经抽取的sql:
- include还可以自定义一些property,sql标签内部就能使用自定义的属性 include-property:取值的正确方式{prop}, 不能使用#{},而使用{}
<sql id="userColumns"> ${alias}.id,${alias}.username,${alias}.password </sql>
<select id="selectUsers" resultType="map">
select
<include refid="userColumns"><property name="alias" value="t1"/></include>,
<include refid="userColumns"><property name="alias" value="t2"/></include>
from some_table t1
cross join some_table t2
</select>
代码语言:javascript复制<sql id="insertColumn">
<if test="_databaseId=='oracle'">
employee_id,last_name,email
</if>
<if test="_databaseId=='mysql'">
last_name,email,gender,d_id
</if>
</sql>
<insert id="addEmps">
insert into tbl_employee(
<include refid="insertColumn"></include><!-- 使用地方 -->
)
values
<foreach collection="emps" item="emp" separator=",">
(#{emp.lastName},#{emp.email},#{emp.gender},#{emp.dept.id})
</foreach>
</insert>