MongoDB：在 Java 中使用 MongoDB

除了通过启动 mongo 进程进如 Shell 环境访问数据库外，MongoDB 还提供了其他基于编程语言的访问数据库方法。MongoDB 官方提供了 Java 语言的驱动包，利用这些驱动包可使用多种编程方法来连接并操作 MongoDB 数据库。 想要在 Java 程序中使用 MongoDB，需要确保您的电脑上已经安装了 MongoDB，并搭建好了 Java 的环境。 本篇内容主要介绍：Java 实现对 MongDB 的操作、Java 操作 MongoDB 数据库 Demo

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文章目录

• 一、Java 实现对 MongDB 的操作
  • 1、前提条件
  • 2、添加依赖

• 二、Java 操作 MongoDB 数据库 Demo
  • 1、连接数据库
  • 2、创建集合
  • 3、列出所有集合
  • 4、获取/选择集合
  • 5、插入文档
  • 6、查询文档
  • 7、更新文档
  • 8、删除文档
  • 9、删除集合

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一、Java 实现对 MongDB 的操作

1、前提条件

除了通过启动 mongo 进程进如 Shell 环境访问数据库外，MongoDB 还提供了其他基于编程语言的访问数据库方法。MongoDB 官方提供了 Java 语言的驱动包，利用这些驱动包可使用多种编程方法来连接并操作 MongoDB 数据库。

想要在 Java 程序中使用 MongoDB，需要确保您的电脑上已经安装了 MongoDB，并搭建好了 Java 的环境。

2、添加依赖

在 Maven 中添加以下依赖来使用操作 MongoDB 数据库：

代码语言：javascript复制

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
            <artifactId>bson</artifactId>
            <version>3.12.11</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
            <artifactId>mongodb-driver</artifactId>
            <version>3.12.11</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
            <artifactId>mongodb-driver-core</artifactId>
            <version>3.12.11</version>
        </dependency>
       
        ...
    </dependencies>

---

二、Java 操作 MongoDB 数据库 Demo

1、连接数据库

代码语言：javascript复制

package com.lizhengi.demo;

import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;

/**
 * @author liziheng
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @description 连接数据库
 * @date 2023-01-04 5:19 下午
 **/
public class ConnectToMongodb {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建 MongoDB 连接
        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);

        // 连接到 MongoDB
        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
        System.out.println("Credentials ::"   credential);

        // 访问数据库
        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : "   database.getName());
    }
}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=} Connect to database successfully! MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi

2、创建集合

代码语言：javascript复制

package com.lizhengi.demo;

import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;

/**
 * @author liziheng
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @description 创建集合
 * @date 2023-01-04 7:36 下午
 **/
public class CreatingCollection {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建 MongoDB 连接
        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);

        // 连接到 MongoDB
        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
        System.out.println("Credentials ::"   credential);

        // 访问数据库
        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : "   database.getName());

        // 创建集合
        database.createCollection("lizhengi_test_3");
        System.out.println("create collection successfully!");
    }
}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=} Connect to database successfully! MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi create collection successfully!

3、列出所有集合

代码语言：javascript复制

package com.lizhengi.demo;

import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import org.bson.Document;

/**
 * @author liziheng
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @description 列出所有集合
 * @date 2023-01-04 7:56 下午
 **/
public class ListOfCollection {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建 MongoDB 连接
        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);

        // 连接到 MongoDB
        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
        System.out.println("Credentials ::"   credential);

        // 访问数据库
        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : "   database.getName());

        // 检索集合列表
        for (String name : database.listCollectionNames()) {
            System.out.println(name);
        }
    }
}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=} Connect to database successfully! MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi lizhengi lizhengi_test_3 lizhengi_test_2

4、获取/选择集合

代码语言：javascript复制

package com.lizhengi.demo;

import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import org.bson.Document;

/**
 * @author liziheng
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @description 获取/选择集合
 * @date 2023-01-04 7:40 下午
 **/
public class SelectingCollection {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建 MongoDB 连接
        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);

        // 连接到 MongoDB
        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
        System.out.println("Credentials ::"   credential);

        // 访问数据库
        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : "   database.getName());

        // 创建集合
        MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi");
        System.out.println("chose collection : "   collection.getNamespace());
    }
}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=} Connect to database successfully! MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi chose collection : lizhengi.lizhengi

5、插入文档

代码语言：javascript复制

package com.lizhengi.demo;

import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import org.bson.Document;

/**
 * @author liziheng
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @description 插入文档
 * @date 2023-01-04 7:45 下午
 **/
public class InsertingDocument {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建 MongoDB 连接
        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);

        // 连接到 MongoDB
        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
        System.out.println("Credentials ::"   credential);

        // 访问数据库
        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : "   database.getName());

        // 检索集合
        MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi");
        System.out.println("chose collection : "   collection.getNamespace());

        Document document = new Document("title", "MongoDB")
                .append("description", "database")
                .append("likes", 200)
                .append("url", "https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/")
                .append("by", "lizhengi");

        // 将文档插入到集合中
        collection.insertOne(document);
        System.out.println("Document insert successfully!");
    }
}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=} Connect to database successfully! MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi chose collection : lizhengi.lizhengi Document insert successfully!

6、查询文档

代码语言：javascript复制

package com.lizhengi.demo;

import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import org.bson.Document;
import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;

/**
 * @author liziheng
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @description 查询文档
 * @date 2023-01-04 7:52 下午
 **/
public class RetrievingAllDocuments {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建 MongoDB 连接
        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);

        // 连接到 MongoDB
        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
        System.out.println("Credentials ::"   credential);

        // 访问数据库
        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : "   database.getName());

        // 检索集合
        MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi");
        System.out.println("chose collection : "   collection.getNamespace());

        // 获取 iterable 对象
        FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();
        int i = 1;
        // 获取迭代器
        for (Document document : iterDoc) {
            System.out.println(document);
            i  ;
        }
    }
}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=} Connect to database successfully! MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi chose collection : lizhengi.lizhengi Document{{_id=63b5676adcb7bc291eb5285d, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=200, url=https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/, by=lizhengi}} Document{{_id=63b568fa76a0f93c0a6c9f2a, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=200, url=https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/, by=lizhengi2}}

7、更新文档

代码语言：javascript复制

package com.lizhengi.demo;

import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;
import com.mongodb.client.model.Updates;
import org.bson.Document;

/**
 * @author liziheng
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @description 更新文档
 * @date 2023-01-04 7:59 下午
 **/
public class UpdatingDocuments {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建 MongoDB 连接
        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);

        // 连接到 MongoDB
        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
        System.out.println("Credentials ::"   credential);

        // 访问数据库
        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : "   database.getName());

        // 检索集合
        MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi");
        System.out.println("chose collection : "   collection.getNamespace());

        // 更新单个可用 updateOne
        collection.updateMany(Filters.eq("title", "MongoDB"), Updates.set("likes", 150));
        System.out.println("Document update successfully...");
        // 更新后检索文档
        // 获取 iterable 对象
        FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();
        int i = 1;
        // 获取迭代器
        for (Document document : iterDoc) {
            System.out.println(document);
            i  ;
        }
    }
}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

代码语言：javascript复制

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName='lizhengi', source='lizhengi', password=<hidden>, mechanismProperties=<hidden>}
Connect to database successfully!
MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi
chose collection : lizhengi.lizhengi
Document update successfully...
Document{{_id=63b5676adcb7bc291eb5285d, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=150, url=https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/, by=lizhengi}}
Document{{_id=63b568fa76a0f93c0a6c9f2a, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=200, url=https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/, by=lizhengi2}}

8、删除文档

代码语言：javascript复制

package com.lizhengi.demo;

import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import com.mongodb.client.model.Filters;
import org.bson.Document;

/**
 * @author liziheng
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @description 删除文档
 * @date 2023-01-04 8:03 下午
 **/
public class DeletingDocuments {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建 MongoDB 连接
        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);

        // 连接到 MongoDB
        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
        System.out.println("Credentials ::"   credential);

        // 访问数据库
        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : "   database.getName());

        // 检索集合
        MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi");
        System.out.println("chose collection : "   collection.getNamespace());

        // 删除文档 删除多个可用 deleteMany
        collection.deleteOne(Filters.eq("title", "MongoDB"));
        System.out.println("Document delete successfully...");
        // 删除后检索文档
        // 获取 iterable 对象
        FindIterable<Document> iterDoc = collection.find();
        int i = 1;
        // 获取迭代器
        for (Document document : iterDoc) {
            System.out.println(document);
            i  ;
        }
    }
}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=} Connect to database successfully! MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi chose collection : lizhengi.lizhengi Document delete successfully… Document{{_id=63b568fa76a0f93c0a6c9f2a, title=MongoDB, description=database, likes=200, url=https://lizhengi.blog.csdn.net/, by=lizhengi2}}

9、删除集合

代码语言：javascript复制

package com.lizhengi.demo;

import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
import org.bson.Document;

/**
 * @author liziheng
 * @version 1.0.0
 * @description 删除集合
 * @date 2023-01-04 8:06 下午
 **/
public class DropingCollection {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 创建 MongoDB 连接
        MongoClient mongo = new MongoClient("localhost", 27017);

        // 连接到 MongoDB
        MongoCredential credential = MongoCredential.createCredential("lizhengi", "lizhengi", "password".toCharArray());
        System.out.println("Credentials ::"   credential);

        // 访问数据库
        MongoDatabase database = mongo.getDatabase("lizhengi");
        System.out.println("Connect to database successfully!");
        System.out.println("MongoDatabase info is : "   database.getName());

        // 检索集合
        MongoCollection<Document> collection = database.getCollection("lizhengi_test_3");
        System.out.println("chose collection : "   collection.getNamespace());
        // 删除集合
        collection.drop();
        System.out.println("drop collection : "   collection.getNamespace());

        // 检索集合列表
        for (String name : database.listCollectionNames()) {
            System.out.println(name);
        }
    }
}

运行 Main 函数，返回以下结果：

Credentials ::MongoCredential{mechanism=null, userName=‘lizhengi’, source=‘lizhengi’, password=, mechanismProperties=} Connect to database successfully! MongoDatabase info is : lizhengi chose collection : lizhengi.lizhengi_test_3 drop collection : lizhengi.lizhengi_test_3 lizhengi lizhengi_test_2

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