软件测试|教你用skip灵活跳过用例

2023-02-10 16:12:55 浏览数 (2)

前言

日常工作中,我们难免会遇到本次执行不需要所有用例都跑一遍的情况,或者说,我们就是希望某些用例不执行,来看看报错。

那除了我们手动去注释掉部分用例,还有没有其他的办法自动地跳过部分用例呢?

Pytest很懂我们,真的很懂我们,给我们提供了skip方法,可以帮助我们实现需求。

skip用法介绍

  • pytest.main('-vs','test01.py') 用-vs执行,跳过原因才会显示SKIPPED 1 test01.py:415: 跳过Test类,会跳过类中所有方法
  • skip跳过,无条件和原因@pytest.mark.skipif()
  • skip跳过,无需满足条件true、有跳过原因@pytest.mark.skipif(reason='无条件,只有跳过原因')
  • skip跳过,需满足条件true、且有跳过原因@pytest.mark.skipif(条件1==1,reason='跳过原因')
  • skip赋值变量,多处调用myskip=pytest.mark.skipif(1==1,reason='skip赋值给变量,可多处调用') 然后@myskip使用

跳过测试类

@pytest.mark.skip()和@pytest.mark.skipif()两个标签,用他们装饰测试类

  1. @pytest.mark.skip()被标记的类中所有方法测试用例都会被跳过
代码语言:python代码运行次数:0复制
import pytest


@pytest.mark.skip(reason='跳过TestSkip类中的所有方法')
class TestSkip(object):
    def test01(self):
        print('test01')
        assert 1 == 1

    def test02(self):
        print('test02')
        assert 1 == 1


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['-vs', 'test_skip.py'])

-----------------------
test_skip.py::TestSkip::test01 SKIPPED (跳过TestSkip类中的所有方法)
Skipped: 跳过TestSkip类中的所有方法

test_skip.py::TestSkip::test02 SKIPPED (跳过TestSkip类中的所有方法)
Skipped: 跳过TestSkip类中的所有方法


============================= 2 skipped in 0.04s ==============================
  1. 被标记的类,当条件为ture时,会被跳过,否则不跳过 被标记的类,当条件成立时,会跳过类中的所有方法
代码语言:python代码运行次数:0复制
import pytest

@pytest.mark.skipif(1 == 1, reason='当条件成立,跳过类中的所有方法')
class TestSkipif(object):
    def test03(self):
        print('test03')
        assert 3 == 3

    def test04(self):
        print('test04')
        assert 4 == 4

if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['-vs', 'test_skip.py'])

--------------------------
test_skip.py::TestSkipif::test03 SKIPPED (当条件成立,跳过类中的所有方法)
Skipped: 当条件成立,跳过类中的所有方法

test_skip.py::TestSkipif::test04 SKIPPED (当条件成立,跳过类中的所有方法)
Skipped: 当条件成立,跳过类中的所有方法

============================= 2 skipped in 0.04s ==============================

被标记的类,当条件不成立时,不会跳过类中的所有方法

代码语言:python代码运行次数:0复制
import pytest

@pytest.mark.skipif(1 == 3, reason='当条件不成立,不跳过类中的所有方法')
class TestSkipif(object):
    def test03(self):
        print('test03')
        assert 3 == 3

    def test04(self):
        print('test04')
        assert 4 == 4

if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['-vs', 'test_skip.py'])
-----------------------

test_skip.py::TestSkipif::test03 test03
PASSED
test_skip.py::TestSkipif::test04 test04
PASSED

============================== 2 passed in 0.04s ==============================

跳过方法或测试用例

我们想要某个方法或跳过某条用例,在方法上加以下3种都可以

  • 跳过方法或用例,未备注原因 @pytest.mark.skip()
  • 跳过方法或用例,备注原因 @pytest.mark.skip(reason='跳过一个方法或一个测试用例')
  • 当条件满足,跳过方法或用例,备注原因 @pytest.mark.skipif(1==1,reason='跳过一个方法或一个测试用例')
代码语言:python代码运行次数:0复制
import pytest

class TestClass(object):
    # 跳过方法,未备注原因
    @pytest.mark.skip()
    def test_one(self):
        print('test_one')

    # 跳过方法,并备注原因
    @pytest.mark.skip(reason='跳过有原因')
    def test_two(self):
        print('test_two')

    # 当条件满足时,跳过方法,并备注原因
    @pytest.mark.skipif(1 == 1, reason='条件成立,跳过有原因')
    def test_three(self):
        print('test_three')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['-vs', 'test_skip.py'])
----------------------------------------

test_skip.py::TestClass::test_one SKIPPED (unconditional skip)
Skipped: unconditional skip

test_skip.py::TestClass::test_two SKIPPED (跳过有原因)
Skipped: 跳过有原因

test_skip.py::TestClass::test_three SKIPPED (条件成立,跳过有原因)
Skipped: 条件成立,跳过有原因


============================= 3 skipped in 0.04s ==============================

多个skip时,满足1个条件即跳过

  1. 如果类中的条件满足,无论方法中的条件是否满足,均跳过该类下的所有方法,如下所示:import pytest @pytest.mark.skipif(1 == 1, reason='当类中条件满足,会跳过类中的所有方法') class TestClass(object): @pytest.mark.skip(reason='跳过不执行') def test1(self): print('test1') # 类中条件不满足,方法中条件满足,跳过不执行 @pytest.mark.skipif(1 == 1, reason='条件满足,跳过不执行') def test2(self): print('test2') # 类中条件不满足,方法中条件也不满足,不跳过继续执行 @pytest.mark.skipif(1 == 2, reason='条件不满足,不跳过,继续执行') def test3(self): print('test3') if __name__ == '__main__': pytest.main(['-vs', 'test_demo.py']) ------------------------------------------ ============================= test session starts ============================= collecting ... collected 3 items test_demo.py::TestClass::test1 SKIPPED (当类中条件满足,会跳过类中的所有方法) [ 33%] Skipped: 当类中条件满足,会跳过类中的所有方法 test_demo.py::TestClass::test2 SKIPPED (条件满足,跳过不执行) [ 66%] Skipped: 条件满足,跳过不执行 test_demo.py::TestClass::test3 SKIPPED (当类中条件满足,会跳过类中的所有方法) [100%] Skipped: 当类中条件满足,会跳过类中的所有方法 ============================= 3 skipped in 0.02s ==============================
  2. 如果类中不满足条件,方法中满足条件,跳过方法;如果类中不满足条件,方法中也不满足条件,继续执行方法中的代码;如下所示:import pytest @pytest.mark.skipif(1 == 2, reason='条件不满足,不跳过') # 类中不满足条件 class TestClass(object): @pytest.mark.skip(reason='跳过不执行') def test1(self): print('test1') # 类中条件不满足,方法中条件满足,跳过不执行 @pytest.mark.skipif(1 == 1, reason='条件满足,跳过不执行') def test2(self): print('test2') # 类中条件不满足,方法中条件也不满足,不跳过继续执行 @pytest.mark.skipif(1 == 2, reason='条件不满足,不跳过,继续执行') def test3(self): print('test3') if __name__ == '__main__': pytest.main(['-vs', 'test_demo.py']) ------------------------------------ ============================= test session starts ============================= collecting ... collected 3 items test_demo.py::TestClass::test1 SKIPPED (跳过不执行) [ 33%] Skipped: 跳过不执行 test_demo.py::TestClass::test2 SKIPPED (条件满足,跳过不执行) [ 66%] Skipped: 条件满足,跳过不执行 test_demo.py::TestClass::test3 PASSED [100%]test3 ======================== 1 passed, 2 skipped in 0.02s =========================

pytest.skip()方法内跳过

除了通过使用标签的方式,还可以在测试用例中调用pytest.skip()方法来实现跳过,可以选择传入reason参数来说明跳过原因;如果想要通过判断是否跳过,可以写在if判断里(_)

代码语言:python代码运行次数:0复制
import pytest

class TestClass(object):

    def test001(self):
        if 'h' in 'hell':
            pytest.skip(reason='跳过,不执行')  # 不执行后面的代码
            print('test001')

    def test002(self):
        print('test002')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['-vs', 'test_demo.py'])

============================= test session starts =============================
collecting ... collected 2 items

test_demo.py::TestClass::test001 SKIPPED (跳过,不执行)                  [ 50%]
Skipped: 跳过,不执行

test_demo.py::TestClass::test002 PASSED                                  [100%]test002


======================== 1 passed, 1 skipped in 0.02s =========================

总结

关于pytest跳过用例执行的介绍就到这里,我们可以灵活使用skip的特性,提升我们的工作效率!

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