压缩
代码语言：javascript复制1.gzip
压缩
[root@localhost ~]# gzip -v 1.txt
1.txt: 50.7% -- replaced with 1.txt.gz
gzip -9 -c 1.txt > 1.txt.gz以最佳比例压缩1.txt，并保留源文件
解压
gzip -d 1.txt.gz2.zcat 查看压缩以前的内容
[root@localhost ~]# zcat 1.txt.gz
hhkkjkkjskjkjkjkbjbsbjbkjbkjjbjbjkbjbjbbjkbjbjbjbjbjbjbkbjbjbbjbkjbjbjbj3.zgrep
zgrep -n 'h' 1.txt.gz 在1.txt.gz中查找h1.bzip
[root@localhost ~]# bzip2 -v 1.txt
1.txt: 1.177:1, 6.795 bits/byte, 15.07% saved, 73 in, 62 out.
[root@localhost ~]# bzcat 1.txt.bz2
hhkkjkkjskjkjkjkbjbsbjbkjbkjjbjbjkbjbjbbjkbjbjbjbjbjbjbkbjbjbbjbkjbjbjbj
[root@localhost ~]# bzip2 -d 1.txt.bz2
[root@localhost ~]# bzip2 -9 -c 1.txt > 1.txt.bz21.[root@localhost ~]# xz -v 1.txt
1.txt (1/1)
100 % 96 B / 73 B = 1.315
[root@localhost ~]# xz -l 1.txt.xz
Strms Blocks Compressed Uncompressed Ratio Check Filename
1 1 96 B 73 B 1.315 CRC64 1.txt.xz
[root@localhost ~]# xzcat 1.txt.xz
hhkkjkkjskjkjkjkbjbsbjbkjbkjjbjbjkbjbjbbjkbjbjbjbjbjbjbkbjbjbbjbkjbjbjbj
[root@localhost ~]# xz -d 1.txt.xz
[root@localhost ~]# xz -k 1.txt2.tar tar -jcv -f filename.tar.bz2 要被压缩的文件或目录名 tar -jtv -f filename.tar.bz2 查询 | grep ' ' tar -jxv -f filename.tar.bz2 -C 与解压的目录 解压
1）打包时排除特定文件 tar -Pczvf /usr/local/web.tar.gz /usr/local/web/* --exclude=/usr/local/web/catalina,log 2）打包时排除特定类型文件 tar -Pczvf /usr/local/web.tar.gz /usr/local/web/* --exclude=/usr/local/web/catalina.* tar -Pczvf /usr/local/web.tar.gz /usr/local/web/* --exclude=*.log tar zcvf nginx.tar.gz /opt/nginx/ --exclude *.jpg --exclude *.png --exclude *.dat --exclude=/opt/nginx/logs 3)打包时排除特定目录： tar -Pczvf /usr/local/web.tar.gz /usr/local/web/* --exclude=/usr/local/web/log //目录后面不要加斜杠 “/” 4)打包时排除多个目录： tar -Pczvf /usr/local/web.tar.gz /usr/local/web/* --exclude=/usr/local/web/log --exclude=/usr/local/web/doc
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XFS文件系统的备份与还原
xfsdump只能备份已挂载的文件系统 （支持增量备份）
必须root权限
只能备份xfs文件系统
只能备份独立的文件系统如/boot
代码语言：javascript复制[root@localhost ~]# xfsdump -l 0 -L boot_all -M boot_all -f /srv/boot.dump /boot
xfsdump: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy
xfsdump: version 3.1.7 (dump format 3.0) - type ^C for status and control
xfsdump: level 0 dump of localhost.localdomain:/boot
xfsdump: dump date: Tue Feb 28 20:08:31 2023
xfsdump: session id: 8681e7c5-7117-4b9a-b7b9-2fb53ee775af
xfsdump: session label: "boot_all"
xfsdump: ino map phase 1: constructing initial dump list
xfsdump: ino map phase 2: skipping (no pruning necessary)
xfsdump: ino map phase 3: skipping (only one dump stream)
xfsdump: ino map construction complete
xfsdump: estimated dump size: 147826304 bytes
xfsdump: /var/lib/xfsdump/inventory created
xfsdump: creating dump session media file 0 (media 0, file 0)
xfsdump: dumping ino map
xfsdump: dumping directories
xfsdump: dumping non-directory files
xfsdump: ending media file
xfsdump: media file size 147506784 bytes
xfsdump: dump size (non-dir files) : 147265168 bytes
xfsdump: dump complete: 0 seconds elapsed
xfsdump: Dump Summary:
xfsdump: stream 0 /srv/boot.dump OK (success)
xfsdump: Dump Status: SUCCESS
[root@localhost ~]# ll /srv/boot.dump
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 147506784 2月 28 20:08 /srv/boot.dump[root@localhost ~]# xfsdump -I 查看xfsdump备份记录
file system 0:
fs id: 9fb05e6e-a44e-4827-8419-3f1330fdaabc
session 0:
mount point: localhost.localdomain:/boot
device: localhost.localdomain:/dev/sda1
time: Tue Feb 28 20:08:31 2023
session label: "boot_all"
session id: 8681e7c5-7117-4b9a-b7b9-2fb53ee775af
level: 0
resumed: NO
subtree: NO
streams: 1
stream 0:
pathname: /srv/boot.dump
start: ino 69 offset 0
end: ino 1577745 offset 0
interrupted: NO
media files: 1
media file 0:
mfile index: 0
mfile type: data
mfile size: 147506784
mfile start: ino 69 offset 0
mfile end: ino 1577745 offset 0
media label: "boot_all"
media id: 7672496e-604b-449e-aa5e-0688d0a2658e
xfsdump: Dump Status: SUCCESSxfsdump -l 1 -L boot_2 -M boot_2 -f /srv/boot.dump1 /boot 建立差异备份即增量备份
XFS文件系统还原
xfsrestore -I查看备份文件
1. xfsrestore -f /srv/boot.dump -L boot_all /boot 直接将数据给它覆盖回去
2. 将备份文件在/tmp/boot下面解开
mkdir /tmp/boot
xfsrestore -f /srv/boot.dump -L boot_all /tmp/boot
比较两个文件目录的不同 diff -r /boot /tmp/boot
diff
执行如下命令，比较test1.txt文件和test2.txt文件，以并排格式输出。
diff test1.txt test2.txt -y -W 50
3.仅恢复备份文件内的group2到 /tmp/boot2
mkdir /tmp/boot2
xfsrestore -f /srv/boot.dump -L boot_all -s group2 /tmp/boot2
4.恢复增量备份数据
xfsrestore -f /srv/boot.dump1 /tmp/boot
5.恢复部分备份数据
代码语言：javascript复制[root@localhost ~]# xfsrestore -f /srv/boot.dump -i /tmp/boot3
xfsrestore: using file dump (drive_simple) strategy
xfsrestore: version 3.1.7 (dump format 3.0) - type ^C for status and control
xfsrestore: searching media for dump
xfsrestore: examining media file 0
xfsrestore: dump description:
xfsrestore: hostname: localhost.localdomain
xfsrestore: mount point: /boot
xfsrestore: volume: /dev/sda1
xfsrestore: session time: Tue Feb 28 20:08:31 2023
xfsrestore: level: 0
xfsrestore: session label: "boot_all"
xfsrestore: media label: "boot_all"
xfsrestore: file system id: 9fb05e6e-a44e-4827-8419-3f1330fdaabc
xfsrestore: session id: 8681e7c5-7117-4b9a-b7b9-2fb53ee775af
xfsrestore: media id: 7672496e-604b-449e-aa5e-0688d0a2658e
xfsrestore: using online session inventory
xfsrestore: searching media for directory dump
xfsrestore: reading directories
xfsrestore: 11 directories and 337 entries processed
xfsrestore: directory post-processing========================== subtree selection dialog ==========================
代码语言：javascript复制the following commands are available:
pwd
ls [ <path> ]
cd [ <path> ]
add [ <path> ]
delete [ <path> ]
extract
quit
help -> ls
75 initramfs-3.10.0-1160.71.1.el7.x86_64.img
77 vmlinuz-0-rescue-0c0d2b6deb9b4987bdbb8670b32a5200
76 initramfs-0-rescue-0c0d2b6deb9b4987bdbb8670b32a5200.img
74 vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.71.1.el7.x86_64
73 symvers-3.10.0-1160.71.1.el7.x86_64.gz
72 config-3.10.0-1160.71.1.el7.x86_64
71 System.map-3.10.0-1160.71.1.el7.x86_64
70 .vmlinuz-3.10.0-1160.71.1.el7.x86_64.hmac
68 grub/
1572928 grub2/
67 efi/
-> add grub
-> add grub2
-> extract--------------------------------- end dialog ---------------------------------
代码语言：javascript复制xfsrestore: restoring non-directory files
xfsrestore: restore complete: 102 seconds elapsed
xfsrestore: Restore Summary:
xfsrestore: stream 0 /srv/boot.dump OK (success)
xfsrestore: Restore Status: SUCCESS
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /tmp/boot3
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 27 2月 26 00:12 grub
drwx------. 5 root root 97 2月 26 00:19 grub2
