业务代码中有很多参数校验的代码，如果手动实现，会非常繁琐，https://github.com/go-playground/validator是一个非常不错的选择echo 源码分析（validator），但是对于grpc来说，在定义proto的时候使用直接定义参数的限制规则是一种更合理、更优雅的方式，插件https://github.com/bufbuild/protoc-gen-validate就是来帮助我们实现这一功能的。kratos框架也用到了这个插件。下面我们详细介绍下如何安装和使用。
首先，github上的安装方式并不好使，生成的代码里并没有校验规则，相反我们会得到下面的注释
代码语言：javascript复制 // no validation rules for Id
// no validation rules for Email这是因为，这个包的main分支是不稳定版本，按照官方的方式安装并不好使。我们可以安装稳定版本
代码语言：javascript复制go install github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate@v0.1.0然后我们可以在GOPATH看到这个插件
代码语言：javascript复制 % ls $GOPATH/bin/protoc-gen-validate
xxx/bin/protoc-gen-validate对应的，我们的protoc版本如下
代码语言：javascript复制% protoc --version
libprotoc 3.19.4然后，可以定义我们的proto文件
代码语言：javascript复制syntax = "proto3";
package examplepb;
option go_package = "./example";
import "validate/validate.proto";
message Person {
uint64 id = 1 [(validate.rules).uint64.gt = 999];
string email = 2 [(validate.rules).string.email = true];
string name = 3 [(validate.rules).string = {
pattern: "^[^[0-9]A-Za-z] ( [^[0-9]A-Za-z] )*$",
max_bytes: 256,
}];
Location home = 4 [(validate.rules).message.required = true];
// 参数必须大于 0
int64 ids = 5 [(validate.rules).int64 = {gt: 0}];
// 参数必须在 0 到 120 之间
int32 age = 6 [(validate.rules).int32 = {gt:0, lte: 120}];
// 参数是 1 或 2 或 3
uint32 code = 7 [(validate.rules).uint32 = {in: [1,2,3]}];
// 参数不能是 0 或 99.99
float score = 8 [(validate.rules).float = {not_in: [0, 99.99]}];
message Location {
double lat = 1 [(validate.rules).double = { gte: -90, lte: 90 }];
double lng = 2 [(validate.rules).double = { gte: -180, lte: 180 }];
}
}使用命令生成go文件
代码语言：javascript复制% protoc
-I .
--plugin=$GOPATH/bin/protoc-gen-validate
-I ${GOPATH}/pkg/mod/github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate@v0.1.0/
--go_out=":./generated"
--validate_out="lang=go:./generated"
example.proto相应的，我们得到了两个文件
learn/pgv/generated/example/example.pb.go
代码语言：javascript复制// Code generated by protoc-gen-go. DO NOT EDIT.
// versions:
// protoc-gen-go v1.28.1
// protoc v3.19.4
// source: example.proto
package example
import (
_ "github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate/validate"
protoreflect "google.golang.org/protobuf/reflect/protoreflect"
protoimpl "google.golang.org/protobuf/runtime/protoimpl"
reflect "reflect"
sync "sync"
)
const (
// Verify that this generated code is sufficiently up-to-date.
_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(20 - protoimpl.MinVersion)
// Verify that runtime/protoimpl is sufficiently up-to-date.
_ = protoimpl.EnforceVersion(protoimpl.MaxVersion - 20)
)
type Person struct {
state protoimpl.MessageState
sizeCache protoimpl.SizeCache
unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
Id uint64 `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=id,proto3" json:"id,omitempty"`
Email string `protobuf:"bytes,2,opt,name=email,proto3" json:"email,omitempty"`
Name string `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=name,proto3" json:"name,omitempty"`
Home *Person_Location `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=home,proto3" json:"home,omitempty"`
// 参数必须大于 0
Ids int64 `protobuf:"varint,5,opt,name=ids,proto3" json:"ids,omitempty"`
// 参数必须在 0 到 120 之间
Age int32 `protobuf:"varint,6,opt,name=age,proto3" json:"age,omitempty"`
// 参数是 1 或 2 或 3
Code uint32 `protobuf:"varint,7,opt,name=code,proto3" json:"code,omitempty"`
// 参数不能是 0 或 99.99
Score float32 `protobuf:"fixed32,8,opt,name=score,proto3" json:"score,omitempty"`
}
func (x *Person) Reset() {
*x = Person{}
if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
mi := &file_example_proto_msgTypes[0]
ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
}
}
func (x *Person) String() string {
return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
}
func (*Person) ProtoMessage() {}
func (x *Person) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
mi := &file_example_proto_msgTypes[0]
if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
}
return ms
}
return mi.MessageOf(x)
}
// Deprecated: Use Person.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
func (*Person) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return file_example_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0}
}
func (x *Person) GetId() uint64 {
if x != nil {
return x.Id
}
return 0
}
func (x *Person) GetEmail() string {
if x != nil {
return x.Email
}
return ""
}
func (x *Person) GetName() string {
if x != nil {
return x.Name
}
return ""
}
func (x *Person) GetHome() *Person_Location {
if x != nil {
return x.Home
}
return nil
}
func (x *Person) GetIds() int64 {
if x != nil {
return x.Ids
}
return 0
}
func (x *Person) GetAge() int32 {
if x != nil {
return x.Age
}
return 0
}
func (x *Person) GetCode() uint32 {
if x != nil {
return x.Code
}
return 0
}
func (x *Person) GetScore() float32 {
if x != nil {
return x.Score
}
return 0
}
type Person_Location struct {
state protoimpl.MessageState
sizeCache protoimpl.SizeCache
unknownFields protoimpl.UnknownFields
Lat float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,1,opt,name=lat,proto3" json:"lat,omitempty"`
Lng float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,2,opt,name=lng,proto3" json:"lng,omitempty"`
}
func (x *Person_Location) Reset() {
*x = Person_Location{}
if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
mi := &file_example_proto_msgTypes[1]
ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
}
}
func (x *Person_Location) String() string {
return protoimpl.X.MessageStringOf(x)
}
func (*Person_Location) ProtoMessage() {}
func (x *Person_Location) ProtoReflect() protoreflect.Message {
mi := &file_example_proto_msgTypes[1]
if protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled && x != nil {
ms := protoimpl.X.MessageStateOf(protoimpl.Pointer(x))
if ms.LoadMessageInfo() == nil {
ms.StoreMessageInfo(mi)
}
return ms
}
return mi.MessageOf(x)
}
// Deprecated: Use Person_Location.ProtoReflect.Descriptor instead.
func (*Person_Location) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
return file_example_proto_rawDescGZIP(), []int{0, 0}
}
func (x *Person_Location) GetLat() float64 {
if x != nil {
return x.Lat
}
return 0
}
func (x *Person_Location) GetLng() float64 {
if x != nil {
return x.Lng
}
return 0
}
var File_example_proto protoreflect.FileDescriptor
var file_example_proto_rawDesc = []byte{
0x0a, 0x0d, 0x65, 0x78, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6f, 0x12,
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}
var (
file_example_proto_rawDescOnce sync.Once
file_example_proto_rawDescData = file_example_proto_rawDesc
)
func file_example_proto_rawDescGZIP() []byte {
file_example_proto_rawDescOnce.Do(func() {
file_example_proto_rawDescData = protoimpl.X.CompressGZIP(file_example_proto_rawDescData)
})
return file_example_proto_rawDescData
}
var file_example_proto_msgTypes = make([]protoimpl.MessageInfo, 2)
var file_example_proto_goTypes = []interface{}{
(*Person)(nil), // 0: examplepb.Person
(*Person_Location)(nil), // 1: examplepb.Person.Location
}
var file_example_proto_depIdxs = []int32{
1, // 0: examplepb.Person.home:type_name -> examplepb.Person.Location
1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for method output_type
1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for method input_type
1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for extension type_name
1, // [1:1] is the sub-list for extension extendee
0, // [0:1] is the sub-list for field type_name
}
func init() { file_example_proto_init() }
func file_example_proto_init() {
if File_example_proto != nil {
return
}
if !protoimpl.UnsafeEnabled {
file_example_proto_msgTypes[0].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
switch v := v.(*Person); i {
case 0:
return &v.state
case 1:
return &v.sizeCache
case 2:
return &v.unknownFields
default:
return nil
}
}
file_example_proto_msgTypes[1].Exporter = func(v interface{}, i int) interface{} {
switch v := v.(*Person_Location); i {
case 0:
return &v.state
case 1:
return &v.sizeCache
case 2:
return &v.unknownFields
default:
return nil
}
}
}
type x struct{}
out := protoimpl.TypeBuilder{
File: protoimpl.DescBuilder{
GoPackagePath: reflect.TypeOf(x{}).PkgPath(),
RawDescriptor: file_example_proto_rawDesc,
NumEnums: 0,
NumMessages: 2,
NumExtensions: 0,
NumServices: 0,
},
GoTypes: file_example_proto_goTypes,
DependencyIndexes: file_example_proto_depIdxs,
MessageInfos: file_example_proto_msgTypes,
}.Build()
File_example_proto = out.File
file_example_proto_rawDesc = nil
file_example_proto_goTypes = nil
file_example_proto_depIdxs = nil
}
learn/pgv/generated/example/example.pb.validate.go
代码语言：javascript复制// Code generated by protoc-gen-validate. DO NOT EDIT.
// source: example.proto
package example
import (
"bytes"
"errors"
"fmt"
"net"
"net/mail"
"net/url"
"regexp"
"strings"
"time"
"unicode/utf8"
"github.com/golang/protobuf/ptypes"
)
// ensure the imports are used
var (
_ = bytes.MinRead
_ = errors.New("")
_ = fmt.Print
_ = utf8.UTFMax
_ = (*regexp.Regexp)(nil)
_ = (*strings.Reader)(nil)
_ = net.IPv4len
_ = time.Duration(0)
_ = (*url.URL)(nil)
_ = (*mail.Address)(nil)
_ = ptypes.DynamicAny{}
)
// Validate checks the field values on Person with the rules defined in the
// proto definition for this message. If any rules are violated, an error is returned.
func (m *Person) Validate() error {
if m == nil {
return nil
}
if m.GetId() <= 999 {
return PersonValidationError{
field: "Id",
reason: "value must be greater than 999",
}
}
if err := m._validateEmail(m.GetEmail()); err != nil {
return PersonValidationError{
field: "Email",
reason: "value must be a valid email address",
cause: err,
}
}
if len(m.GetName()) > 256 {
return PersonValidationError{
field: "Name",
reason: "value length must be at most 256 bytes",
}
}
if !_Person_Name_Pattern.MatchString(m.GetName()) {
return PersonValidationError{
field: "Name",
reason: "value does not match regex pattern "^[^[0-9]A-Za-z] ( [^[0-9]A-Za-z] )*$"",
}
}
if m.GetHome() == nil {
return PersonValidationError{
field: "Home",
reason: "value is required",
}
}
if v, ok := interface{}(m.GetHome()).(interface{ Validate() error }); ok {
if err := v.Validate(); err != nil {
return PersonValidationError{
field: "Home",
reason: "embedded message failed validation",
cause: err,
}
}
}
if m.GetIds() <= 0 {
return PersonValidationError{
field: "Ids",
reason: "value must be greater than 0",
}
}
if val := m.GetAge(); val <= 0 || val > 120 {
return PersonValidationError{
field: "Age",
reason: "value must be inside range (0, 120]",
}
}
if _, ok := _Person_Code_InLookup[m.GetCode()]; !ok {
return PersonValidationError{
field: "Code",
reason: "value must be in list [1 2 3]",
}
}
if _, ok := _Person_Score_NotInLookup[m.GetScore()]; ok {
return PersonValidationError{
field: "Score",
reason: "value must not be in list [0 99.99]",
}
}
return nil
}
func (m *Person) _validateHostname(host string) error {
s := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSuffix(host, "."))
if len(host) > 253 {
return errors.New("hostname cannot exceed 253 characters")
}
for _, part := range strings.Split(s, ".") {
if l := len(part); l == 0 || l > 63 {
return errors.New("hostname part must be non-empty and cannot exceed 63 characters")
}
if part[0] == '-' {
return errors.New("hostname parts cannot begin with hyphens")
}
if part[len(part)-1] == '-' {
return errors.New("hostname parts cannot end with hyphens")
}
for _, r := range part {
if (r < 'a' || r > 'z') && (r < '0' || r > '9') && r != '-' {
return fmt.Errorf("hostname parts can only contain alphanumeric characters or hyphens, got %q", string(r))
}
}
}
return nil
}
func (m *Person) _validateEmail(addr string) error {
a, err := mail.ParseAddress(addr)
if err != nil {
return err
}
addr = a.Address
if len(addr) > 254 {
return errors.New("email addresses cannot exceed 254 characters")
}
parts := strings.SplitN(addr, "@", 2)
if len(parts[0]) > 64 {
return errors.New("email address local phrase cannot exceed 64 characters")
}
return m._validateHostname(parts[1])
}
// PersonValidationError is the validation error returned by Person.Validate if
// the designated constraints aren't met.
type PersonValidationError struct {
field string
reason string
cause error
key bool
}
// Field function returns field value.
func (e PersonValidationError) Field() string { return e.field }
// Reason function returns reason value.
func (e PersonValidationError) Reason() string { return e.reason }
// Cause function returns cause value.
func (e PersonValidationError) Cause() error { return e.cause }
// Key function returns key value.
func (e PersonValidationError) Key() bool { return e.key }
// ErrorName returns error name.
func (e PersonValidationError) ErrorName() string { return "PersonValidationError" }
// Error satisfies the builtin error interface
func (e PersonValidationError) Error() string {
cause := ""
if e.cause != nil {
cause = fmt.Sprintf(" | caused by: %v", e.cause)
}
key := ""
if e.key {
key = "key for "
}
return fmt.Sprintf(
"invalid %sPerson.%s: %s%s",
key,
e.field,
e.reason,
cause)
}
var _ error = PersonValidationError{}
var _ interface {
Field() string
Reason() string
Key() bool
Cause() error
ErrorName() string
} = PersonValidationError{}
var _Person_Name_Pattern = regexp.MustCompile("^[^[0-9]A-Za-z] ( [^[0-9]A-Za-z] )*$")
var _Person_Code_InLookup = map[uint32]struct{}{
1: {},
2: {},
3: {},
}
var _Person_Score_NotInLookup = map[float32]struct{}{
0: {},
99.99: {},
}
// Validate checks the field values on Person_Location with the rules defined
// in the proto definition for this message. If any rules are violated, an
// error is returned.
func (m *Person_Location) Validate() error {
if m == nil {
return nil
}
if val := m.GetLat(); val < -90 || val > 90 {
return Person_LocationValidationError{
field: "Lat",
reason: "value must be inside range [-90, 90]",
}
}
if val := m.GetLng(); val < -180 || val > 180 {
return Person_LocationValidationError{
field: "Lng",
reason: "value must be inside range [-180, 180]",
}
}
return nil
}
// Person_LocationValidationError is the validation error returned by
// Person_Location.Validate if the designated constraints aren't met.
type Person_LocationValidationError struct {
field string
reason string
cause error
key bool
}
// Field function returns field value.
func (e Person_LocationValidationError) Field() string { return e.field }
// Reason function returns reason value.
func (e Person_LocationValidationError) Reason() string { return e.reason }
// Cause function returns cause value.
func (e Person_LocationValidationError) Cause() error { return e.cause }
// Key function returns key value.
func (e Person_LocationValidationError) Key() bool { return e.key }
// ErrorName returns error name.
func (e Person_LocationValidationError) ErrorName() string { return "Person_LocationValidationError" }
// Error satisfies the builtin error interface
func (e Person_LocationValidationError) Error() string {
cause := ""
if e.cause != nil {
cause = fmt.Sprintf(" | caused by: %v", e.cause)
}
key := ""
if e.key {
key = "key for "
}
return fmt.Sprintf(
"invalid %sPerson_Location.%s: %s%s",
key,
e.field,
e.reason,
cause)
}
var _ error = Person_LocationValidationError{}
var _ interface {
Field() string
Reason() string
Key() bool
Cause() error
ErrorName() string
} = Person_LocationValidationError{}
然后我们就可以通过Validate方法来进行验证
代码语言：javascript复制package main
import (
"fmt"
. "learn/pgv/generated/example"
)
func main() {
p := new(Person)
err := p.Validate() // err: Id must be greater than 999
fmt.Println(err)
p.Id = 1000
err = p.Validate() // err: Email must be a valid email address
p.Email = "example@bufbuild.com"
err = p.Validate() // err: Name must match pattern '^[^ds] ( [^ds] )*$'
p.Name = "Protocol Buffer"
err = p.Validate() // err: Home is required
p.Home = &Person_Location{Lat: 37.7, Lng: 999}
err = p.Validate() // err: Home.Lng must be within [-180, 180]
p.Home.Lng = -122.4
err = p.Validate() // err: nil
}
运行效果如下
代码语言：javascript复制% go run main.go
invalid Person.Id: value must be greater than 999通过proto的注解扩展，配合这个插件，我们可以非常方便地实现参数校验能力，真正把idl当作交流沟通的完备工具，有效提升开发效率。
代码语言：javascript复制[(validate.rules).uint32 = {in: [1,2,3]}];
