title: "R语言常见的内置数据"
output: html_document
date: "2023-03-09"
在学习R语言的过程中，合理运用内置数据可以帮助我们更好地学习，下面介绍几种不同数据类型的内置数据
1.数据框
代码语言：text复制x <- iris
x## Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
## 1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa
## 7 4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 8 5.0 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 9 4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 10 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1 setosa
## 11 5.4 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 12 4.8 3.4 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 13 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.1 setosa
## 14 4.3 3.0 1.1 0.1 setosa
## 15 5.8 4.0 1.2 0.2 setosa
## 16 5.7 4.4 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 17 5.4 3.9 1.3 0.4 setosa
## 18 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 19 5.7 3.8 1.7 0.3 setosa
## 20 5.1 3.8 1.5 0.3 setosa
## 21 5.4 3.4 1.7 0.2 setosa
## 22 5.1 3.7 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 23 4.6 3.6 1.0 0.2 setosa
## 24 5.1 3.3 1.7 0.5 setosa
## 25 4.8 3.4 1.9 0.2 setosa
## 26 5.0 3.0 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 27 5.0 3.4 1.6 0.4 setosa
## 28 5.2 3.5 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 29 5.2 3.4 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 30 4.7 3.2 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 31 4.8 3.1 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 32 5.4 3.4 1.5 0.4 setosa
## 33 5.2 4.1 1.5 0.1 setosa
## 34 5.5 4.2 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 35 4.9 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 36 5.0 3.2 1.2 0.2 setosa
## 37 5.5 3.5 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 38 4.9 3.6 1.4 0.1 setosa
## 39 4.4 3.0 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 40 5.1 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 41 5.0 3.5 1.3 0.3 setosa
## 42 4.5 2.3 1.3 0.3 setosa
## 43 4.4 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
## 44 5.0 3.5 1.6 0.6 setosa
## 45 5.1 3.8 1.9 0.4 setosa
## 46 4.8 3.0 1.4 0.3 setosa
## 47 5.1 3.8 1.6 0.2 setosa
## 48 4.6 3.2 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 49 5.3 3.7 1.5 0.2 setosa
## 50 5.0 3.3 1.4 0.2 setosa
## 51 7.0 3.2 4.7 1.4 versicolor
## 52 6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 53 6.9 3.1 4.9 1.5 versicolor
## 54 5.5 2.3 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 55 6.5 2.8 4.6 1.5 versicolor
## 56 5.7 2.8 4.5 1.3 versicolor
## 57 6.3 3.3 4.7 1.6 versicolor
## 58 4.9 2.4 3.3 1.0 versicolor
## 59 6.6 2.9 4.6 1.3 versicolor
## 60 5.2 2.7 3.9 1.4 versicolor
## 61 5.0 2.0 3.5 1.0 versicolor
## 62 5.9 3.0 4.2 1.5 versicolor
## 63 6.0 2.2 4.0 1.0 versicolor
## 64 6.1 2.9 4.7 1.4 versicolor
## 65 5.6 2.9 3.6 1.3 versicolor
## 66 6.7 3.1 4.4 1.4 versicolor
## 67 5.6 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 68 5.8 2.7 4.1 1.0 versicolor
## 69 6.2 2.2 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 70 5.6 2.5 3.9 1.1 versicolor
## 71 5.9 3.2 4.8 1.8 versicolor
## 72 6.1 2.8 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 73 6.3 2.5 4.9 1.5 versicolor
## 74 6.1 2.8 4.7 1.2 versicolor
## 75 6.4 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor
## 76 6.6 3.0 4.4 1.4 versicolor
## 77 6.8 2.8 4.8 1.4 versicolor
## 78 6.7 3.0 5.0 1.7 versicolor
## 79 6.0 2.9 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 80 5.7 2.6 3.5 1.0 versicolor
## 81 5.5 2.4 3.8 1.1 versicolor
## 82 5.5 2.4 3.7 1.0 versicolor
## 83 5.8 2.7 3.9 1.2 versicolor
## 84 6.0 2.7 5.1 1.6 versicolor
## 85 5.4 3.0 4.5 1.5 versicolor
## 86 6.0 3.4 4.5 1.6 versicolor
## 87 6.7 3.1 4.7 1.5 versicolor
## 88 6.3 2.3 4.4 1.3 versicolor
## 89 5.6 3.0 4.1 1.3 versicolor
## 90 5.5 2.5 4.0 1.3 versicolor
## 91 5.5 2.6 4.4 1.2 versicolor
## 92 6.1 3.0 4.6 1.4 versicolor
## 93 5.8 2.6 4.0 1.2 versicolor
## 94 5.0 2.3 3.3 1.0 versicolor
## 95 5.6 2.7 4.2 1.3 versicolor
## 96 5.7 3.0 4.2 1.2 versicolor
## 97 5.7 2.9 4.2 1.3 versicolor
## 98 6.2 2.9 4.3 1.3 versicolor
## 99 5.1 2.5 3.0 1.1 versicolor
## 100 5.7 2.8 4.1 1.3 versicolor
## 101 6.3 3.3 6.0 2.5 virginica
## 102 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
## 103 7.1 3.0 5.9 2.1 virginica
## 104 6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8 virginica
## 105 6.5 3.0 5.8 2.2 virginica
## 106 7.6 3.0 6.6 2.1 virginica
## 107 4.9 2.5 4.5 1.7 virginica
## 108 7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8 virginica
## 109 6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8 virginica
## 110 7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5 virginica
## 111 6.5 3.2 5.1 2.0 virginica
## 112 6.4 2.7 5.3 1.9 virginica
## 113 6.8 3.0 5.5 2.1 virginica
## 114 5.7 2.5 5.0 2.0 virginica
## 115 5.8 2.8 5.1 2.4 virginica
## 116 6.4 3.2 5.3 2.3 virginica
## 117 6.5 3.0 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 118 7.7 3.8 6.7 2.2 virginica
## 119 7.7 2.6 6.9 2.3 virginica
## 120 6.0 2.2 5.0 1.5 virginica
## 121 6.9 3.2 5.7 2.3 virginica
## 122 5.6 2.8 4.9 2.0 virginica
## 123 7.7 2.8 6.7 2.0 virginica
## 124 6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 125 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.1 virginica
## 126 7.2 3.2 6.0 1.8 virginica
## 127 6.2 2.8 4.8 1.8 virginica
## 128 6.1 3.0 4.9 1.8 virginica
## 129 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.1 virginica
## 130 7.2 3.0 5.8 1.6 virginica
## 131 7.4 2.8 6.1 1.9 virginica
## 132 7.9 3.8 6.4 2.0 virginica
## 133 6.4 2.8 5.6 2.2 virginica
## 134 6.3 2.8 5.1 1.5 virginica
## 135 6.1 2.6 5.6 1.4 virginica
## 136 7.7 3.0 6.1 2.3 virginica
## 137 6.3 3.4 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 138 6.4 3.1 5.5 1.8 virginica
## 139 6.0 3.0 4.8 1.8 virginica
## 140 6.9 3.1 5.4 2.1 virginica
## 141 6.7 3.1 5.6 2.4 virginica
## 142 6.9 3.1 5.1 2.3 virginica
## 143 5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9 virginica
## 144 6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3 virginica
## 145 6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5 virginica
## 146 6.7 3.0 5.2 2.3 virginica
## 147 6.3 2.5 5.0 1.9 virginica
## 148 6.5 3.0 5.2 2.0 virginica
## 149 6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3 virginica
## 150 5.9 3.0 5.1 1.8 virginicaclass(x)## [1] "data.frame"plot(iris[,1],col = iris[,5]) #用内置数据作点图
2.矩阵
代码语言：text复制x <- volcano
x## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11]
## [1,] 100 100 101 101 101 101 101 100 100 100 101
## [2,] 101 101 102 102 102 102 102 101 101 101 102
## [3,] 102 102 103 103 103 103 103 102 102 102 103
## [4,] 103 103 104 104 104 104 104 103 103 103 103
## [5,] 104 104 105 105 105 105 105 104 104 103 104
## [6,] 105 105 105 106 106 106 106 105 105 104 104
## [7,] 105 106 106 107 107 107 107 106 106 105 105
## [8,] 106 107 107 108 108 108 108 107 107 106 106
## [9,] 107 108 108 109 109 109 109 108 108 107 108
## [10,] 108 109 109 110 110 110 110 109 109 108 110
## [11,] 109 110 110 111 111 111 111 110 110 110 112
## [12,] 110 110 111 113 112 111 113 112 112 114 116
## [13,] 110 111 113 115 114 113 114 114 115 117 119
## [14,] 111 113 115 117 116 115 116 117 117 119 121
## [15,] 114 115 117 117 117 118 119 119 120 121 124
## [16,] 116 118 118 118 120 121 121 122 122 123 125
## [,12] [,13] [,14] [,15] [,16] [,17] [,18] [,19] [,20] [,21]
## [1,] 101 102 102 102 102 103 104 103 102 101
## [2,] 102 103 103 103 103 104 105 104 103 102
## [3,] 103 104 104 104 104 105 106 105 104 104
## [4,] 104 104 104 105 105 106 107 106 106 106
## [5,] 104 105 105 105 106 107 108 108 108 109
## [6,] 105 105 106 106 107 109 110 110 112 113
## [7,] 106 106 107 108 109 111 113 114 116 118
## [8,] 107 108 108 110 113 115 117 118 120 122
## [9,] 108 110 111 113 116 118 120 123 125 127
## [10,] 110 113 116 118 120 122 125 127 129 133
## [11,] 114 118 121 123 125 127 129 133 137 141
## [12,] 119 121 124 127 129 133 138 143 146 149
## [13,] 121 124 126 129 133 140 145 150 154 155
## [14,] 124 126 128 132 137 143 151 156 161 161
## [15,] 126 128 131 137 143 150 156 160 163 165
## [16,] 128 130 134 141 147 152 156 160 165 168
## [,22] [,23] [,24] [,25] [,26] [,27] [,28] [,29] [,30] [,31]
## [1,] 101 102 103 104 104 105 107 107 107 108
## [2,] 102 103 105 106 106 107 109 110 110 110
## [3,] 105 106 107 108 110 111 113 114 115 114
## [4,] 107 108 110 111 114 117 118 117 119 120
## [5,] 110 112 114 115 118 121 122 121 123 128
## [6,] 115 116 118 119 121 124 126 126 129 134
## [7,] 120 121 122 123 125 127 129 130 135 140
## [8,] 124 125 127 128 129 131 134 135 141 146
## [9,] 129 130 132 134 135 137 139 142 146 152
## [10,] 136 138 140 141 142 148 150 151 156 158
## [11,] 143 145 146 148 150 154 156 159 161 162
## [12,] 149 151 153 154 157 159 160 163 165 166
## [13,] 155 157 159 161 162 164 165 167 168 169
## [14,] 162 163 165 166 167 168 170 171 173 175
## [15,] 168 170 171 172 173 174 175 177 179 180
## [16,] 170 174 176 179 180 181 181 182 182 183
## [,32] [,33] [,34] [,35] [,36] [,37] [,38] [,39] [,40] [,41]
## [1,] 108 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 108
## [2,] 110 111 112 113 114 116 115 114 112 110
## [3,] 115 116 118 119 119 121 121 120 118 116
## [4,] 121 122 124 125 126 127 127 126 124 122
## [5,] 131 129 130 131 131 132 132 131 130 128
## [6,] 137 137 136 136 135 136 136 136 135 133
## [7,] 142 142 142 141 140 140 140 140 139 137
## [8,] 147 146 146 145 144 144 144 143 142 141
## [9,] 152 151 151 150 149 148 148 146 145 143
## [10,] 159 158 157 158 158 154 151 149 148 146
## [11,] 163 164 163 164 164 160 157 154 151 149
## [12,] 167 168 168 168 168 166 162 159 157 154
## [13,] 170 172 174 172 172 171 169 166 163 161
## [14,] 177 179 178 177 176 176 174 171 169 165
## [15,] 182 183 183 183 183 180 178 177 172 168
## [16,] 184 186 187 187 184 184 181 180 176 172
## [,42] [,43] [,44] [,45] [,46] [,47] [,48] [,49] [,50] [,51]
## [1,] 108 108 107 107 108 108 108 108 108 107
## [2,] 110 110 109 108 109 109 109 109 108 108
## [3,] 114 112 111 110 110 110 110 109 109 109
## [4,] 120 117 116 113 111 110 110 110 109 109
## [5,] 126 122 119 115 114 112 110 110 110 110
## [6,] 129 126 122 118 116 115 113 111 110 110
## [7,] 134 129 125 121 118 116 114 112 110 110
## [8,] 139 135 130 126 122 118 116 114 112 112
## [9,] 142 139 135 131 127 122 119 117 115 115
## [10,] 144 141 137 134 130 125 122 120 118 117
## [11,] 146 144 140 137 133 129 126 124 121 119
## [12,] 152 149 144 140 136 133 131 128 125 122
## [13,] 158 153 148 143 140 137 134 131 128 125
## [14,] 161 156 152 148 144 140 138 135 131 127
## [15,] 164 160 156 152 148 144 141 138 134 130
## [16,] 168 165 161 157 153 149 145 142 138 133
## [,52] [,53] [,54] [,55] [,56] [,57] [,58] [,59] [,60] [,61]
## [1,] 107 107 107 106 106 105 105 104 104 103
## [2,] 108 108 107 107 106 106 105 105 104 104
## [3,] 109 108 108 107 107 106 106 105 105 104
## [4,] 109 109 108 108 107 107 106 106 105 105
## [5,] 110 109 109 108 107 107 107 106 106 105
## [6,] 110 110 109 108 108 108 107 107 106 106
## [7,] 110 111 110 109 109 108 108 107 107 106
## [8,] 113 112 110 110 109 109 108 108 107 106
## [9,] 115 114 112 110 110 109 109 108 107 107
## [10,] 117 115 113 111 110 110 109 108 107 107
## [11,] 118 116 114 112 111 110 109 108 107 106
## [12,] 119 117 115 113 111 110 109 108 107 106
## [13,] 120 118 116 114 112 110 109 108 107 105
## [14,] 123 119 117 115 113 111 110 108 106 105
## [15,] 126 121 117 114 112 110 110 108 106 104
## [16,] 129 125 120 115 111 110 110 108 106 104
## [ reached getOption("max.print") -- omitted 71 rows ]class(x)## [1] "matrix" "array"heatmap(volcano) #直接用内置数据作热图
3.向量
代码语言：text复制x <- letters
x## [1] "a" "b" "c" "d" "e" "f" "g" "h" "i" "j" "k" "l" "m" "n" "o"
## [16] "p" "q" "r" "s" "t" "u" "v" "w" "x" "y" "z"y <- LETTERS
y## [1] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E" "F" "G" "H" "I" "J" "K" "L" "M" "N" "O"
## [16] "P" "Q" "R" "S" "T" "U" "V" "W" "X" "Y" "Z"LETTERS[1:which(LETTERS == "M")] #写出A~M## [1] "A" "B" "C" "D" "E" "F" "G" "H" "I" "J" "K" "L" "M"引用自生信技能树
