freebsd分片重组算法_mongodb分片算法

2022-11-08 11:11:27 浏览数 (1)

Q:你们redis怎么做的分布式 A:我们公司redis用的murmurHash做的分片; Q:讲讲murmurHash的原理呗 A:额……这块没有深入了解过(真TM掉分)

哈希算法简单来说就是将一个元素映射成另一个元素,可以简单分类两类,

  1. 加密哈希,如MD5,SHA256等,
  2. 非加密哈希,如MurMurHash,CRC32,DJB等。

这里说说Jedis中的Shard是如何使用一致性hash的

首先是hash函数,在Jedis中有两种Hash算法可供选择,分别是MurMurHashMD5. 按照Jedis的说法MurmurHash更快,效果更好些。

代码语言:javascript复制
package redis.clients.util;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
public interface Hashing { 

public static final Hashing MURMUR_HASH = new MurmurHash();
public ThreadLocal<MessageDigest> md5Holder = new ThreadLocal<MessageDigest>();
public static final Hashing MD5 = new Hashing() { 

public long hash(String key) { 

return hash(SafeEncoder.encode(key));
}
public long hash(byte[] key) { 

try { 

if (md5Holder.get() == null) { 

md5Holder.set(MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5"));
}
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { 

throw new IllegalStateException("     no md5 algorythm found");
}
MessageDigest md5 = md5Holder.get();
md5.reset();
md5.update(key);
byte[] bKey = md5.digest();
long res = ((long) (bKey[3] & 0xFF) << 24)
| ((long) (bKey[2] & 0xFF) << 16)
| ((long) (bKey[1] & 0xFF) << 8) | (long) (bKey[0] & 0xFF);
return res;
}
};
public long hash(String key);
public long hash(byte[] key);
}

来看一下jedis-2.4.2的MurmurHash

涉及一些nio的buffer操作,这里不说了

代码语言:javascript复制
package redis.clients.util;
import com.google.common.hash.Hashing;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
public class MurmurHash implements Hashing { 

public static int hash(byte[] data, int seed) { 

return hash(ByteBuffer.wrap(data), seed);
}
public static int hash(byte[] data, int offset, int length, int seed) { 

return hash(ByteBuffer.wrap(data, offset, length), seed);
}
public static int hash(ByteBuffer buf, int seed) { 

// save byte order for later restoration
ByteOrder byteOrder = buf.order();
buf.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
int m = 0x5bd1e995;
int r = 24;
int h = seed ^ buf.remaining();
int k;
while (buf.remaining() >= 4) { 

k = buf.getInt();
k *= m;
k ^= k >>> r;
k *= m;
h *= m;
h ^= k;
}
if (buf.remaining() > 0) { 

ByteBuffer finish = ByteBuffer.allocate(4).order(
ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
// for big-endian version, use this first:
// finish.position(4-buf.remaining());
finish.put(buf).rewind();
h ^= finish.getInt();
h *= m;
}
h ^= h >>> 13;
h *= m;
h ^= h >>> 15;
buf.order(byteOrder);
return h;
}
public static long hash64A(byte[] data, int seed) { 

return hash64A(ByteBuffer.wrap(data), seed);
}
public static long hash64A(byte[] data, int offset, int length, int seed) { 

return hash64A(ByteBuffer.wrap(data, offset, length), seed);
}
public static long hash64A(ByteBuffer buf, int seed) { 

ByteOrder byteOrder = buf.order();
buf.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
long m = 0xc6a4a7935bd1e995L;
int r = 47;
long h = seed ^ (buf.remaining() * m);
long k;
while (buf.remaining() >= 8) { 

k = buf.getLong();
k *= m;
k ^= k >>> r;
k *= m;
h ^= k;
h *= m;
}
if (buf.remaining() > 0) { 

ByteBuffer finish = ByteBuffer.allocate(8).order(
ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
// for big-endian version, do this first:
// finish.position(8-buf.remaining());
finish.put(buf).rewind();
h ^= finish.getLong();
h *= m;
}
h ^= h >>> r;
h *= m;
h ^= h >>> r;
buf.order(byteOrder);
return h;
}
public long hash(byte[] key) { 

return hash64A(key, 0x1234ABCD);
}
public long hash(String key) { 

return hash(SafeEncoder.encode(key));
}
}

我们公司自己做的封装就不贴code了, 看一下Jedis自己的一致性Hash

代码语言:javascript复制
public S getShardInfo(byte[] key) { 

SortedMap<Long, S> tail = nodes.tailMap(algo.hash(key));
if (tail.isEmpty()) { 

return nodes.get(nodes.firstKey());
}
return tail.get(tail.firstKey());
}

比较经典的一致性hash实现方案了,这里就不深入展开了。

说一下algo.hash(key) 这一步murmurHash为啥Hash碰撞少,性能快吧。

代码语言:javascript复制
步骤1:
public long hash(byte[] key) { 

return hash64A(key, 0x1234ABCD);
}
步骤2:
public static long hash64A(byte[] data, int seed) { 

return hash64A(ByteBuffer.wrap(data), seed);
}
步骤3:
public static long hash64A(ByteBuffer buf, int seed) { 

ByteOrder byteOrder = buf.order();
buf.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
long m = 0xc6a4a7935bd1e995L;
int r = 47;
long h = seed ^ (buf.remaining() * m);
long k;
while (buf.remaining() >= 8) { 

k = buf.getLong();
k *= m;
k ^= k >>> r;
k *= m;
h ^= k;
h *= m;
}
if (buf.remaining() > 0) { 

ByteBuffer finish = ByteBuffer.allocate(8).order(
ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
// for big-endian version, do this first:
// finish.position(8-buf.remaining());
finish.put(buf).rewind();
h ^= finish.getLong();
h *= m;
}
h ^= h >>> r;
h *= m;
h ^= h >>> r;
buf.order(byteOrder);
return h;
}
代码语言:javascript复制
hash64A(key, 0x1234ABCD);
long m = 0xc6a4a7935bd1e995L;
int r = 47;

murmurHash这个三个常量听说是Austin Appleby用大量测试数据肝出来的…… 性能快应该是与大量使用位操作有关

里面的变化逻辑,自己比划吧,不一行行解释了;我表示看了跟没看一样……大神的世界,学都没法学,害……

最后给一个官方数据吧:

MurmurHash算法,自称超级快的hash算法,是FNV的4-5倍。官方数据如下: OneAtATime – 354.163715 mb/sec FNV – 443.668038 mb/sec SuperFastHash – 985.335173 mb/sec lookup3 – 988.080652 mb/sec MurmurHash 1.0 – 1363.293480 mb/sec MurmurHash 2.0 – 2056.885653 mb/sec

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