设计模式---组合模式

2022-11-08 16:38:16 浏览数 (1)

简述

  • 类型:结构型
  • 目的:将对象集合组合成树形结构,使客户端可以以一致的方式处理单个对象(叶子节点)组合对象(根节点)

话不多说,上优化案例。

优化案例

最初版v0

不使用组合模式。 现有一个文件和目录的管理模块。如样例。

代码语言:javascript复制
public class File { // 文件类    private String path;    private Directory parent;        public File(Directory dir, String path) {        if (dir == null)            throw new RuntimeException("输入的dir不正确!");        if (path == null || path == "")            throw new RuntimeException("输入的path不正确!");        this.parent = dir;        this.path = dir.getPath()   path;        dir.add(this);    }        public String getPath() {        return this.path;    }} public class Directory { // 目录类    private String path;    private List<Directory> dirs = new ArrayList<>();    private List<File> files = new ArrayList<>();        public Directory(String path) {        if (path == null || path == "")            throw new RuntimeException("输入的path不正确!");        this.path = path;    }        public Directory(Directory parent, String path) {        if (parent == null)            throw new RuntimeException("输入的parent不正确!");        if (path == null || path == "")            throw new RuntimeException("输入的path不正确!");        this.path = parent.getPath()   path;        parent.add(this);    }        public boolean add(File target) {        for (File file : files)            // 不能创建同名文件            if (target.getPath().equals(file.getPath())) return false;        files.add(target);        return true;    }        public boolean add(Directory target) {        for (Directory dir : dirs)            // 不能创建同名目录            if (target.getPath().equals(dir.getPath())) return false;        dirs.add(target);        return true;    }        public boolean remove(Directory target) {        for (Directory dir : dirs)            if (target.getPath().equals(dir.getPath())) {                dirs.remove(dir);                return true;            }        return false;    }        public boolean remove(File target) {        for (File file : files)            if (target.getPath().equals(file.getPath())) {                files.remove(file);                return true;            }        return false;    }        public String getPath() {        return this.path;    }        public List<Directory> getDirs() {        return this.dirs;    }        public List<File> getFiles() {        return this.files;    }}

不使用组合模式,我们来看看客户端的使用。

代码语言:javascript复制
public class Client { // 客户端    public static void main(String[] args) {        // 创建各级目录        Directory root = new Directory("/root");        Directory home = new Directory(root, "/home");        Directory user1 = new Directory(home, "/user1");        Directory text = new Directory(user1, "/text");        Directory image = new Directory(user1, "/image");        Directory png = new Directory(image, "/png");        Directory gif = new Directory(image, "/gif");        // 创建文件        File f1 = new File(text, "/f1.txt");        File f2 = new File(text, "/f2.txt");        File f3 = new File(png, "/f3.png");        File f4 = new File(gif, "/f4.gif");        File f5 = new File(png, "/f5.png");        // 输出root下的文件或者目录路径        print(root);    }        // 前序遍历目录下路径    public static void print(Directory root) {        System.out.println(root.getPath());        List<Directory> dirs = root.getDirs();        List<File> files = root.getFiles();        for (int i = 0; i < dirs.size(); i   ) {            print(dirs.get(i));        }        for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i   ) {            System.out.println(files.get(i).getPath());        }    }}

可以看到print方法的实现比较复杂,因为FileDirectory是完全不同类型,所以只能对其分别处理。

如何让客户端对于FileDirectory采用一致的处理方式?用组合模式啊!!!

修改版v1(透明组合模式)

代码语言:javascript复制
public interface Node { // 从File和Directory中抽象出Node类    boolean add(Node node);    boolean remove(Node node);    List<Node> getChildren();    String getPath();} public class File implements Node {    private String path;    private Node parent;        public File(Node parent, String path) {        if (parent == null)            throw new RuntimeException("输入的dir不正确!");        if (path == null || path == "")            throw new RuntimeException("输入的path不正确!");        this.parent = parent;        this.path = parent.getPath()   path;        parent.add(this);    }        public boolean add(Node node) { // 因为不是容器,所以重写这个方法无意义        throw new RuntimeException("不支持此方法!");    }        public boolean remove(Node node) { // 同上        throw new RuntimeException("不支持此方法!");    }        public List<Node> getChildren() { // 同上        throw new RuntimeException("不支持此方法!");    }        public String getPath() {        return this.path;    }} public class Directory implements Node {    private String path;    private List<Node> children = new ArrayList<>();        public Directory(String path) {        if (path == null || path == "")            throw new RuntimeException("输入的path不正确!");        this.path = path;    }        public Directory(Node parent, String path) {        if (parent == null)            throw new RuntimeException("输入的parent不正确!");        if (path == null || path == "")            throw new RuntimeException("输入的path不正确!");        this.path = parent.getPath()   path;        parent.add(this);    }        public boolean add(Node target) {        for (Node node : children)            // 不能创建同名文件            if (target.getPath().equals(node.getPath())) return false;        children.add(target);        return true;    }        public boolean remove(Node target) {        for (Node node : children)            if (target.getPath().equals(node.getPath())) {                children.remove(node);                return true;            }        return false;    }        public String getPath() {        return this.path;    }        public List<Node> getChildren() {        return this.children;    }}

通过在FileDirectory的高层新增Node接口,面向接口编程加上FileDirectory形成的树形结构使得客户端可以很自然地一致处理FileDirectory。来看看客户端代码。

代码语言:javascript复制
public class Client {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // 创建各级目录        Node root = new Directory("/root");        Node home = new Directory(root, "/home");        Node user1 = new Directory(home, "/user1");        Node text = new Directory(user1, "/text");        Node image = new Directory(user1, "/image");        Node png = new Directory(image, "/png");        Node gif = new Directory(image, "/gif");        // 创建文件        Node f1 = new File(text, "/f1.txt");        Node f2 = new File(text, "/f2.txt");        Node f3 = new File(png, "/f3.png");        Node f4 = new File(gif, "/f4.gif");        Node f5 = new File(png, "/f5.png");        // 输出root下的文件或者目录路径        print(root);    }        public static void print(Node root) {        System.out.println(root.getPath());        List<Node> nodes = root.getChildren();        for (int i = 0; i < nodes.size(); i   ) {            Node node = nodes.get(i);            if (node instanceof File) {                System.out.println(node.getPath());                continue;            }            print(node);        }    }}

别高兴的太早了,虽然我们实现了最初的需求,但是有一处的代码不是很健康。在File中有三个方法实际上并没有被实现,有些臃肿。

修改版v2(安全组合模式)

代码语言:javascript复制
public interface Node { // 从File和Directory中抽象出Node类    String getPath(); // 删除累赘的方法} public class File implements Node {    private String path;    private Node parent;        public File(Directory parent, String path) {        if (parent == null)            throw new RuntimeException("输入的dir不正确!");        if (path == null || path == "")            throw new RuntimeException("输入的path不正确!");        this.parent = parent;        this.path = parent.getPath()   path;        parent.add(this);    }        public String getPath() {        return this.path;    }} public class Directory implements Node {    private String path;    private List<Node> children = new ArrayList<>();        public Directory(String path) {        if (path == null || path == "")            throw new RuntimeException("输入的path不正确!");        this.path = path;    }        public Directory(Directory parent, String path) {        if (parent == null)            throw new RuntimeException("输入的parent不正确!");        if (path == null || path == "")            throw new RuntimeException("输入的path不正确!");        this.path = parent.getPath()   path;        parent.add(this);    }        public boolean add(Node target) {        for (Node node : children)            // 不能创建同名文件            if (target.getPath().equals(node.getPath())) return false;        children.add(target);        return true;    }        public boolean remove(Node target) {        for (Node node : children)            if (target.getPath().equals(node.getPath())) {                children.remove(node);                return true;            }        return false;    }        public String getPath() {        return this.path;    }        public List<Node> getChildren() {        return this.children;    }}

修改Node接口的抽象方法后代码清爽了很多。客户端调用需要稍微修改下。

代码语言:javascript复制
public class Client {    public static void main(String[] args) {        // 创建各级目录        Directory root = new Directory("/root");        Directory home = new Directory(root, "/home");        Directory user1 = new Directory(home, "/user1");        Directory text = new Directory(user1, "/text");        Directory image = new Directory(user1, "/image");        Directory png = new Directory(image, "/png");        Directory gif = new Directory(image, "/gif");        // 创建文件        File f1 = new File(text, "/f1.txt");        File f2 = new File(text, "/f2.txt");        File f3 = new File(png, "/f3.png");        File f4 = new File(gif, "/f4.gif");        File f5 = new File(png, "/f5.png");        // 输出root下的文件或者目录路径        print(root);    }        public static void print(Directory root) {        System.out.println(root.getPath());        List<Node> nodes = root.getChildren();        for (int i = 0; i < nodes.size(); i   ) {            Node node = nodes.get(i);            if (nodes.get(i) instanceof File) {                System.out.println(node.getPath());                continue;            }            print((Directory) node); // 增加强转        }    }}

其实透明组合模式和安全组合模式看着用就好了,其实问题不大的。

总结

优点

  1. 让客户端可以一致地处理单一对象和组合对象。

缺点

  1. 局限性太强,只有可以构成树形结构的对象集合才可以使用。

适用场景

  1. 只有在对象集合可以组合成树形结构时才可以使用。

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