我们本次是使用的电商项目中的商品、订单、用户为案例进行讲解。
1. 案例准备:
1.1技术选型
maven版本:3.5.4 数据库:MySQL 5.7 持久层: SpingData Jpa/Mybatis-plus 其他: SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈
1.2 模块设计
springcloud-shop父工程 shop-common 公共模块【实体类】 shop-user 用户微服务 【端口: 807x】 shop-product 商品微服务 【端口: 808x】 shop-order 订单微服务 【端口: 809x】
1.3 微服务调用
在微服务架构中,最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单为 例来演示微服务的调用:客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求,在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品的信息。 我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者,把服务的被调用方称为服务提供者。 在这种场景下,订单微服务就是一个服务消费者, 商品微服务就是一个服务提供者。
2.工程创建
2.2 创建父工程
创建一个maven工程,然后在pom.xml文件中添加下面内容
代码语言:javascript复制 <!--依赖版本的锁定-->
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring-boot.version>2.3.2.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
<spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.6.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
</properties>
springcloud-shop父工程的 pom.xml文件:
代码语言:javascript复制<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.lhm</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-shop</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>shop-common</module>
<module>shop-user</module>
<module>shop-order</module>
<module>shop-product</module>
</modules>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<!--依赖版本定义-->
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring-boot.version>2.3.2.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9</spring-cloud.version>
<spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.6.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
</properties>
<!--版本锁定-->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- SpringBoot 依赖配置 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
版本对应:
https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/wiki/版本说明
2.3创建基础模块
2.3.1 创建shop-common 模块,在pom.xml中添加依赖:
代码语言:javascript复制<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud-shop</artifactId>
<groupId>com.zking</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<!--依赖-->
<dependencies>
<!--<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.56</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
3.2.2 创建实体类
//用户
代码语言:javascript复制@Entity(name = "shop_user")//实体类跟数据表的对应
@Data//不再去写set和get方法
public class User {
private Integer uid;//主键
private String username;//用户名
private String password;//密码
private String telephone;//手机号
}
//商品
代码语言:javascript复制@Entity(name = "shop_product")
@Data
public class Product {
private Integer pid;//主键
private String pname;//商品名称
private Double pprice;//商品价格
private Integer stock;//库存
}
//订单
代码语言:javascript复制@Entity(name = "shop_order")
@Data
public class Order {
private Long oid;//订单id
//用户
private Integer uid;//用户id
private String username;//用户名
//商品
private Integer pid;//商品id
private String pname;//商品名称
private Double pprice;//商品单价
//数量
private Integer number;//购买数量
}
3.创建用户微服务
步骤: 1 创建模块 导入依赖 2 创建SpringBoot主类 3 加入配置文件 4 创建必要的接口和实现类(controller service dao) 新建一个shop-user 模块,然后进行下面操作
1 、创建pom.xml:
代码语言:javascript复制<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<groupId>com.zking</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-user</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--springboot-web-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--shop-common-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.lhm</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2 编写主类
代码语言:javascript复制@SpringBootApplication
public class UserApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class);
}
}
3 创建配置文件application.yml
代码语言:javascript复制server:
port: 8071
spring:
application:
name: service-user
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
username: root
password: sasa
jpa:
properties:
hibernate:
hbm2ddl:
auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
4.创建商品微服务
4.1 创建一个名为shop-product 的模块,并添加springboot依赖(pom.xml)
代码语言:javascript复制<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud-shop</artifactId>
<groupId>com.lhm</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>shop-product</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.lhm</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
4.2. 创建配置文件application.yml
代码语言:javascript复制server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: service-product
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
username: root
password: sasa
jpa:
properties:
hibernate:
hbm2ddl:
auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
4.3 创建ProductDao接口
代码语言:javascript复制public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product, Integer> {
}
4.5 创建ProductService接口和实现类
代码语言:javascript复制package com.lhm.service.impl;
@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {
@Autowired
private ProductDao productDao;
@Override
public Product findByPid(Integer pid) {
return productDao.findById(pid).get();
}
}
4.6 创建Controller
代码语言:javascript复制package com.lhm.controller;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProductController {
@Autowired
private ProductService productService;
//商品信息查询
@RequestMapping("/product/{pid}")
public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
log.info("接下来要进行{}号商品信息的查询", pid);
Product product = productService.findByPid(pid);
log.info("商品信息查询成功,内容为{}", JSON.toJSONString(product));
return product;
}
}
4.7 启动工程,等到数据库表创建完毕之后,加入测试数据
代码语言:javascript复制INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'小米','1000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'华为','2000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'苹果','3000','5000');
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'OPPO','4000','5000');
4.8 通过浏览器访问服务
5. 创建订单微服务
5.1 创建一个名为shop-order 的模块,并添加springboot依赖
代码语言:javascript复制<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
<groupId>com.zking</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>shop-order</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--springboot-web-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--shop-common-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.lhm</groupId>
<artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
5.2 创建工程的主类
代码语言:javascript复制package com.zking.shoporder;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ShopOrderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ShopOrderApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
3 创建配置文件application.yml
代码语言:javascript复制server:
port: 8091
spring:
application:
name: service-order
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql:///shop?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
username: root
password: sasa
jpa:
properties:
hibernate:
hbm2ddl:
auto: update
dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
5.4 创建OrderDao接口
代码语言:javascript复制package com.lhm.dao;
public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order, Integer> {
}
5.5 创建OrderService接口和实现类
代码语言:javascript复制package com.lhm.service.impl;
@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
@Autowired
private OrderDao orderDao;
@Override
public void createOrder(Order order) {
orderDao.save(order);
}
}
5.6 创建RestTemplate
代码语言:javascript复制package com.lhm;
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class);
}
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
5.7 创建Controller
代码语言:javascript复制package com.lhm.controller;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Autowired
private OrderService orderService;
//准备买1件商品
@GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")
public Order order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
log.info(">>客户下单,这时候要调用商品微服务查询商品信息");
//通过restTemplate调用商品微服务
Product product = restTemplate.getForObject(
"http://localhost:8081/product/" pid, Product.class);
log.info(">>商品信息,查询结果:" JSON.toJSONString(product));
Order order = new Order();
order.setUid(1);
order.setUsername("测试用户");
order.setPid(product.getPid());
order.setPname(product.getPname());
order.setPprice(product.getPprice());
order.setNumber(1);
orderService.createOrder(order);
return order;
}
}