fat文件系统查找、删除、创建目录

2022-11-21 09:19:55 浏览数 (1)

Fat文件系统查找过程

查找一个文件是通过文件名查找的,对于fat文件系统,可以直接从vfat_lookup函数看

主体流程如下:

代码语言:javascript复制
vfat_lookup
    vfat_find
    	fat_search_long
    		while (1)
    			fat_get_entry(inode, &cpos, &bh, &de)
    			fat_name_match(sbi, name, name_len, bufname, len)
    fat_build_inode
		inode = new_inode(sb);
			inode->i_ino = iunique(sb, MSDOS_ROOT_INO);
			fat_fill_inode(inode, de)

vfat_lookup调了fat_search_long查找文件,其中qname->name就是文件名,比如说我们打开file.txt,就会先查找文件,这里传入的参数qname->name就是文件名,打印出来就是file.txt。

代码语言:javascript复制
static int vfat_find(struct inode *dir, const struct qstr *qname,
		     struct fat_slot_info *sinfo)
{
	unsigned int len = vfat_striptail_len(qname);
	if (len == 0)
		return -ENOENT;
	return fat_search_long(dir, qname->name, len, sinfo);
}

fat_search_long里面有个死循环,里面先调用fat_get_entry(inode, &cpos, &bh, &de)获取目录项,也就是de变量,msdos_dir_entry这个结构体,这个就是fdt表,也是fat文件系统的目录项。

先判断文件名是否等于DELETED_FLAG,就是0xe5,如果是,代码这个是删除文件,直接continue获取下一个目录项继续解析。一般短文件名,通过fat_name_match(sbi, name, name_len, bufname, len)函数,匹配,匹配上的话,说明找到该文件,直接跳转到found,

代码语言:javascript复制
int fat_search_long(struct inode *inode, const unsigned char *name,
		    int name_len, struct fat_slot_info *sinfo)
{
	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
	struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(sb);
	struct buffer_head *bh = NULL;
	struct msdos_dir_entry *de;
	unsigned char nr_slots;
	wchar_t *unicode = NULL;
	unsigned char bufname[FAT_MAX_SHORT_SIZE];
	loff_t cpos = 0;
	int err, len;

	err = -ENOENT;
	while (1) {
		if (fat_get_entry(inode, &cpos, &bh, &de) == -1)
			goto end_of_dir;
parse_record:
		nr_slots = 0;
		if (de->name[0] == DELETED_FLAG)
			continue;
		if (de->attr != ATTR_EXT && (de->attr & ATTR_VOLUME))
			continue;
		if (de->attr != ATTR_EXT && IS_FREE(de->name))
			continue;
		if (de->attr == ATTR_EXT) {
			int status = fat_parse_long(inode, &cpos, &bh, &de,
						    &unicode, &nr_slots);
			if (status < 0) {
				err = status;
				goto end_of_dir;
			} else if (status == PARSE_INVALID)
				continue;
			else if (status == PARSE_NOT_LONGNAME)
				goto parse_record;
			else if (status == PARSE_EOF)
				goto end_of_dir;
		}

		/* Never prepend '.' to hidden files here.
		 * That is done only for msdos mounts (and only when
		 * 'dotsOK=yes'); if we are executing here, it is in the
		 * context of a vfat mount.
		 */
		len = fat_parse_short(sb, de, bufname, 0);
		if (len == 0)
			continue;

		/* Compare shortname */
		if (fat_name_match(sbi, name, name_len, bufname, len))
			goto found;

		if (nr_slots) {
			void *longname = unicode   FAT_MAX_UNI_CHARS;
			int size = PATH_MAX - FAT_MAX_UNI_SIZE;

			/* Compare longname */
			len = fat_uni_to_x8(sb, unicode, longname, size);
			if (fat_name_match(sbi, name, name_len, longname, len))
				goto found;
		}
	}

found:
	nr_slots  ;	/* include the de */
	sinfo->slot_off = cpos - nr_slots * sizeof(*de);
	sinfo->nr_slots = nr_slots;
	sinfo->de = de;
	sinfo->bh = bh;
	sinfo->i_pos = fat_make_i_pos(sb, sinfo->bh, sinfo->de);
	err = 0;
end_of_dir:
	if (unicode)
		__putname(unicode);

	return err;
}

找到文件后,会调用fat_build_inode建立索引节点信息,因为索引节点不是一直存在的,在我们嵌入式场景中,内存通常比较小,内存回收的时候会释放掉之前建立过的索引节点,所以这里大部分情况下都是走new_inode(sb)分配新的inode,然后调iunique(sb, MSDOS_ROOT_INO)查找一个没使用过的编号填充到inode->i_ino,通过都是从1开始往后分配,inode->i_ino就像是身份证一样的信息,区别每个inode,这个我们调试一些文件系统问题的时候通常会用到它。

代码语言:javascript复制
struct inode *fat_build_inode(struct super_block *sb,
			struct msdos_dir_entry *de, loff_t i_pos)
{
	struct inode *inode;
	int err;

	fat_lock_build_inode(MSDOS_SB(sb));
	inode = fat_iget(sb, i_pos);
	if (inode)
		goto out;
	inode = new_inode(sb);
	if (!inode) {
		inode = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
		goto out;
	}
	inode->i_ino = iunique(sb, MSDOS_ROOT_INO);
	inode->i_version = 1;
	err = fat_fill_inode(inode, de);
	if (err) {
		iput(inode);
		inode = ERR_PTR(err);
		goto out;
	}
	fat_attach(inode, i_pos);
	insert_inode_hash(inode);
out:
	fat_unlock_build_inode(MSDOS_SB(sb));
	return inode;
}

然后调用fat_fill_inode填充inode信息,可以看到第一个判断,如果这个目录项是目录,这里填充的一些信息,如:

MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start = fat_get_start(sbi, de); // 就是获取簇号

MSDOS_I(inode)->i_logstart = MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start;

其实就是簇号,可以参考创建目录时的处理,参考函数fat_alloc_new_dir的实现。

set_nlink的作用是设置i_nlink,它代表的是该目录的子目录数量,fat_subdirs就是计算子目录数量,一个目录至少有2个子目录,当前目录和上级目录。我的代码是4.14版本的,这里还加了个判断fat_validate_dir判断该目录是否为有效目录,据我所知,内核4.4版本是没有该函数判断的,这会导致一些问题不能及时发现。

代码语言:javascript复制
int fat_fill_inode(struct inode *inode, struct msdos_dir_entry *de)
{
	struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(inode->i_sb);
	int error;

	MSDOS_I(inode)->i_pos = 0;
	inode->i_uid = sbi->options.fs_uid;
	inode->i_gid = sbi->options.fs_gid;
	inode->i_version  ;
	inode->i_generation = get_seconds();

	if ((de->attr & ATTR_DIR) && !IS_FREE(de->name)) {
		inode->i_generation &= ~1;
		inode->i_mode = fat_make_mode(sbi, de->attr, S_IRWXUGO);
		inode->i_op = sbi->dir_ops;
		inode->i_fop = &fat_dir_operations;

		MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start = fat_get_start(sbi, de);
		MSDOS_I(inode)->i_logstart = MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start;
		error = fat_calc_dir_size(inode);
		if (error < 0)
			return error;
		MSDOS_I(inode)->mmu_private = inode->i_size;

		set_nlink(inode, fat_subdirs(inode));

		error = fat_validate_dir(inode);
		if (error < 0)
			return error;
	} else { /* not a directory */
		inode->i_generation |= 1;
		inode->i_mode = fat_make_mode(sbi, de->attr,
			((sbi->options.showexec && !is_exec(de->name   8))
			 ? S_IRUGO|S_IWUGO : S_IRWXUGO));
		MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start = fat_get_start(sbi, de);

		MSDOS_I(inode)->i_logstart = MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start;
		inode->i_size = le32_to_cpu(de->size);
		inode->i_op = &fat_file_inode_operations;
		inode->i_fop = &fat_file_operations;
		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &fat_aops;
		MSDOS_I(inode)->mmu_private = inode->i_size;
	}
	if (de->attr & ATTR_SYS) {
		if (sbi->options.sys_immutable)
			inode->i_flags |= S_IMMUTABLE;
	}
	fat_save_attrs(inode, de->attr);

	inode->i_blocks = ((inode->i_size   (sbi->cluster_size - 1))
			   & ~((loff_t)sbi->cluster_size - 1)) >> 9;

	fat_time_fat2unix(sbi, &inode->i_mtime, de->time, de->date, 0);
	if (sbi->options.isvfat) {
		fat_time_fat2unix(sbi, &inode->i_ctime, de->ctime,
				  de->cdate, de->ctime_cs);
		fat_time_fat2unix(sbi, &inode->i_atime, 0, de->adate, 0);
	} else
		inode->i_ctime = inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime;

	return 0;
}

关于fat文件系统查找就介绍这几个函数,主要是要理解几个关键的结构体、inode,目录项这几个重要的东西在查找中的作用。

fat文件系统删除

对于文件系统删除,有2个系统调用,入口函数一个是do_unlinkat,一个是do_rmdir,它们大体流程一致,这里主要有2件事,一个是释放目录项,给fdt表文件名首字节设置成0xe5,那么查找的时候先判断de->name[0]如果是DELETED_FLAG就跳过了,不记得可以往上看回查找过程,一个是释放簇(在fat表写为0),数据区不变。

代码语言:javascript复制
do_unlinkat
    vfs_unlink
        dir->i_op->unlink
            vfat_unlink
                vfat_find
                fat_remove_entries
                    while (nr_slots && de >= (struct msdos_dir_entry *)bh->b_data) {
                        de->name[0] = DELETED_FLAG; // 删除标志0xe5
                        de--;
                        nr_slots--;
                    }
    dput
        dentry_kill
            __dentry_kill
                iput
                    iput_final
                        evict
                            op->evict_inode
                                fat_evict_inode
                                    // 这里进入到fat文件系统层,往下就是释放簇
fat文件系统创建目录

fat_alloc_new_dir就是创建目录的函数,可以看到,创建的时候先在fat表找到一个未使用的簇号,分配出来,然后fat_clus_to_blknr函数通过该簇号计算出扇区编号,然后用sb_getblk对应的扇区读到内存上,紧接着就是填充fdt表,de[0]就是当前目录,de[1]就是上级目录,还有就是填充一些其他信息,如修改时间,簇号等,fat_zeroed_cluster就是把该簇其他扇区数据清0。

代码语言:javascript复制
memcpy(de[0].name, MSDOS_DOT, MSDOS_NAME);
memcpy(de[1].name, MSDOS_DOTDOT, MSDOS_NAME);
代码语言:javascript复制
int fat_alloc_new_dir(struct inode *dir, struct timespec *ts)
{
	struct super_block *sb = dir->i_sb;
	struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(sb);
	struct buffer_head *bhs[MAX_BUF_PER_PAGE];
	struct msdos_dir_entry *de;
	sector_t blknr;
	__le16 date, time;
	u8 time_cs;
	int err, cluster;

	err = fat_alloc_clusters(dir, &cluster, 1);
	if (err)
		goto error;

	blknr = fat_clus_to_blknr(sbi, cluster);
	bhs[0] = sb_getblk(sb, blknr);
	if (!bhs[0]) {
		err = -ENOMEM;
		goto error_free;
	}

	fat_time_unix2fat(sbi, ts, &time, &date, &time_cs);

	de = (struct msdos_dir_entry *)bhs[0]->b_data;
	/* filling the new directory slots ("." and ".." entries) */
	memcpy(de[0].name, MSDOS_DOT, MSDOS_NAME);
	memcpy(de[1].name, MSDOS_DOTDOT, MSDOS_NAME);
	de->attr = de[1].attr = ATTR_DIR;
	de[0].lcase = de[1].lcase = 0;
	de[0].time = de[1].time = time;
	de[0].date = de[1].date = date;
	if (sbi->options.isvfat) {
		/* extra timestamps */
		de[0].ctime = de[1].ctime = time;
		de[0].ctime_cs = de[1].ctime_cs = time_cs;
		de[0].adate = de[0].cdate = de[1].adate = de[1].cdate = date;
	} else {
		de[0].ctime = de[1].ctime = 0;
		de[0].ctime_cs = de[1].ctime_cs = 0;
		de[0].adate = de[0].cdate = de[1].adate = de[1].cdate = 0;
	}
	fat_set_start(&de[0], cluster);
	fat_set_start(&de[1], MSDOS_I(dir)->i_logstart);
	de[0].size = de[1].size = 0;
	memset(de   2, 0, sb->s_blocksize - 2 * sizeof(*de));
	set_buffer_uptodate(bhs[0]);
	mark_buffer_dirty_inode(bhs[0], dir);

	err = fat_zeroed_cluster(dir, blknr, 1, bhs, MAX_BUF_PER_PAGE);
	if (err)
		goto error_free;

	return cluster;

error_free:
	fat_free_clusters(dir, cluster);
error:
	return err;
}

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