Fat文件系统查找过程
查找一个文件是通过文件名查找的,对于fat文件系统,可以直接从vfat_lookup函数看
主体流程如下:
代码语言:javascript复制vfat_lookup
vfat_find
fat_search_long
while (1)
fat_get_entry(inode, &cpos, &bh, &de)
fat_name_match(sbi, name, name_len, bufname, len)
fat_build_inode
inode = new_inode(sb);
inode->i_ino = iunique(sb, MSDOS_ROOT_INO);
fat_fill_inode(inode, de)
vfat_lookup调了fat_search_long查找文件,其中qname->name就是文件名,比如说我们打开file.txt,就会先查找文件,这里传入的参数qname->name就是文件名,打印出来就是file.txt。
代码语言:javascript复制static int vfat_find(struct inode *dir, const struct qstr *qname,
struct fat_slot_info *sinfo)
{
unsigned int len = vfat_striptail_len(qname);
if (len == 0)
return -ENOENT;
return fat_search_long(dir, qname->name, len, sinfo);
}
fat_search_long里面有个死循环,里面先调用fat_get_entry(inode, &cpos, &bh, &de)获取目录项,也就是de变量,msdos_dir_entry这个结构体,这个就是fdt表,也是fat文件系统的目录项。
先判断文件名是否等于DELETED_FLAG,就是0xe5,如果是,代码这个是删除文件,直接continue获取下一个目录项继续解析。一般短文件名,通过fat_name_match(sbi, name, name_len, bufname, len)函数,匹配,匹配上的话,说明找到该文件,直接跳转到found,
代码语言:javascript复制int fat_search_long(struct inode *inode, const unsigned char *name,
int name_len, struct fat_slot_info *sinfo)
{
struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(sb);
struct buffer_head *bh = NULL;
struct msdos_dir_entry *de;
unsigned char nr_slots;
wchar_t *unicode = NULL;
unsigned char bufname[FAT_MAX_SHORT_SIZE];
loff_t cpos = 0;
int err, len;
err = -ENOENT;
while (1) {
if (fat_get_entry(inode, &cpos, &bh, &de) == -1)
goto end_of_dir;
parse_record:
nr_slots = 0;
if (de->name[0] == DELETED_FLAG)
continue;
if (de->attr != ATTR_EXT && (de->attr & ATTR_VOLUME))
continue;
if (de->attr != ATTR_EXT && IS_FREE(de->name))
continue;
if (de->attr == ATTR_EXT) {
int status = fat_parse_long(inode, &cpos, &bh, &de,
&unicode, &nr_slots);
if (status < 0) {
err = status;
goto end_of_dir;
} else if (status == PARSE_INVALID)
continue;
else if (status == PARSE_NOT_LONGNAME)
goto parse_record;
else if (status == PARSE_EOF)
goto end_of_dir;
}
/* Never prepend '.' to hidden files here.
* That is done only for msdos mounts (and only when
* 'dotsOK=yes'); if we are executing here, it is in the
* context of a vfat mount.
*/
len = fat_parse_short(sb, de, bufname, 0);
if (len == 0)
continue;
/* Compare shortname */
if (fat_name_match(sbi, name, name_len, bufname, len))
goto found;
if (nr_slots) {
void *longname = unicode FAT_MAX_UNI_CHARS;
int size = PATH_MAX - FAT_MAX_UNI_SIZE;
/* Compare longname */
len = fat_uni_to_x8(sb, unicode, longname, size);
if (fat_name_match(sbi, name, name_len, longname, len))
goto found;
}
}
found:
nr_slots ; /* include the de */
sinfo->slot_off = cpos - nr_slots * sizeof(*de);
sinfo->nr_slots = nr_slots;
sinfo->de = de;
sinfo->bh = bh;
sinfo->i_pos = fat_make_i_pos(sb, sinfo->bh, sinfo->de);
err = 0;
end_of_dir:
if (unicode)
__putname(unicode);
return err;
}
找到文件后,会调用fat_build_inode建立索引节点信息,因为索引节点不是一直存在的,在我们嵌入式场景中,内存通常比较小,内存回收的时候会释放掉之前建立过的索引节点,所以这里大部分情况下都是走new_inode(sb)分配新的inode,然后调iunique(sb, MSDOS_ROOT_INO)查找一个没使用过的编号填充到inode->i_ino,通过都是从1开始往后分配,inode->i_ino就像是身份证一样的信息,区别每个inode,这个我们调试一些文件系统问题的时候通常会用到它。
代码语言:javascript复制struct inode *fat_build_inode(struct super_block *sb,
struct msdos_dir_entry *de, loff_t i_pos)
{
struct inode *inode;
int err;
fat_lock_build_inode(MSDOS_SB(sb));
inode = fat_iget(sb, i_pos);
if (inode)
goto out;
inode = new_inode(sb);
if (!inode) {
inode = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
goto out;
}
inode->i_ino = iunique(sb, MSDOS_ROOT_INO);
inode->i_version = 1;
err = fat_fill_inode(inode, de);
if (err) {
iput(inode);
inode = ERR_PTR(err);
goto out;
}
fat_attach(inode, i_pos);
insert_inode_hash(inode);
out:
fat_unlock_build_inode(MSDOS_SB(sb));
return inode;
}
然后调用fat_fill_inode填充inode信息,可以看到第一个判断,如果这个目录项是目录,这里填充的一些信息,如:
MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start = fat_get_start(sbi, de); // 就是获取簇号
MSDOS_I(inode)->i_logstart = MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start;
其实就是簇号,可以参考创建目录时的处理,参考函数fat_alloc_new_dir的实现。
set_nlink的作用是设置i_nlink,它代表的是该目录的子目录数量,fat_subdirs就是计算子目录数量,一个目录至少有2个子目录,当前目录和上级目录。我的代码是4.14版本的,这里还加了个判断fat_validate_dir判断该目录是否为有效目录,据我所知,内核4.4版本是没有该函数判断的,这会导致一些问题不能及时发现。
代码语言:javascript复制int fat_fill_inode(struct inode *inode, struct msdos_dir_entry *de)
{
struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(inode->i_sb);
int error;
MSDOS_I(inode)->i_pos = 0;
inode->i_uid = sbi->options.fs_uid;
inode->i_gid = sbi->options.fs_gid;
inode->i_version ;
inode->i_generation = get_seconds();
if ((de->attr & ATTR_DIR) && !IS_FREE(de->name)) {
inode->i_generation &= ~1;
inode->i_mode = fat_make_mode(sbi, de->attr, S_IRWXUGO);
inode->i_op = sbi->dir_ops;
inode->i_fop = &fat_dir_operations;
MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start = fat_get_start(sbi, de);
MSDOS_I(inode)->i_logstart = MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start;
error = fat_calc_dir_size(inode);
if (error < 0)
return error;
MSDOS_I(inode)->mmu_private = inode->i_size;
set_nlink(inode, fat_subdirs(inode));
error = fat_validate_dir(inode);
if (error < 0)
return error;
} else { /* not a directory */
inode->i_generation |= 1;
inode->i_mode = fat_make_mode(sbi, de->attr,
((sbi->options.showexec && !is_exec(de->name 8))
? S_IRUGO|S_IWUGO : S_IRWXUGO));
MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start = fat_get_start(sbi, de);
MSDOS_I(inode)->i_logstart = MSDOS_I(inode)->i_start;
inode->i_size = le32_to_cpu(de->size);
inode->i_op = &fat_file_inode_operations;
inode->i_fop = &fat_file_operations;
inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &fat_aops;
MSDOS_I(inode)->mmu_private = inode->i_size;
}
if (de->attr & ATTR_SYS) {
if (sbi->options.sys_immutable)
inode->i_flags |= S_IMMUTABLE;
}
fat_save_attrs(inode, de->attr);
inode->i_blocks = ((inode->i_size (sbi->cluster_size - 1))
& ~((loff_t)sbi->cluster_size - 1)) >> 9;
fat_time_fat2unix(sbi, &inode->i_mtime, de->time, de->date, 0);
if (sbi->options.isvfat) {
fat_time_fat2unix(sbi, &inode->i_ctime, de->ctime,
de->cdate, de->ctime_cs);
fat_time_fat2unix(sbi, &inode->i_atime, 0, de->adate, 0);
} else
inode->i_ctime = inode->i_atime = inode->i_mtime;
return 0;
}
关于fat文件系统查找就介绍这几个函数,主要是要理解几个关键的结构体、inode,目录项这几个重要的东西在查找中的作用。
fat文件系统删除
对于文件系统删除,有2个系统调用,入口函数一个是do_unlinkat,一个是do_rmdir,它们大体流程一致,这里主要有2件事,一个是释放目录项,给fdt表文件名首字节设置成0xe5,那么查找的时候先判断de->name[0]如果是DELETED_FLAG就跳过了,不记得可以往上看回查找过程,一个是释放簇(在fat表写为0),数据区不变。
代码语言:javascript复制do_unlinkat
vfs_unlink
dir->i_op->unlink
vfat_unlink
vfat_find
fat_remove_entries
while (nr_slots && de >= (struct msdos_dir_entry *)bh->b_data) {
de->name[0] = DELETED_FLAG; // 删除标志0xe5
de--;
nr_slots--;
}
dput
dentry_kill
__dentry_kill
iput
iput_final
evict
op->evict_inode
fat_evict_inode
// 这里进入到fat文件系统层,往下就是释放簇
fat文件系统创建目录
fat_alloc_new_dir就是创建目录的函数,可以看到,创建的时候先在fat表找到一个未使用的簇号,分配出来,然后fat_clus_to_blknr函数通过该簇号计算出扇区编号,然后用sb_getblk对应的扇区读到内存上,紧接着就是填充fdt表,de[0]就是当前目录,de[1]就是上级目录,还有就是填充一些其他信息,如修改时间,簇号等,fat_zeroed_cluster就是把该簇其他扇区数据清0。
代码语言:javascript复制memcpy(de[0].name, MSDOS_DOT, MSDOS_NAME);
memcpy(de[1].name, MSDOS_DOTDOT, MSDOS_NAME);
代码语言:javascript复制int fat_alloc_new_dir(struct inode *dir, struct timespec *ts)
{
struct super_block *sb = dir->i_sb;
struct msdos_sb_info *sbi = MSDOS_SB(sb);
struct buffer_head *bhs[MAX_BUF_PER_PAGE];
struct msdos_dir_entry *de;
sector_t blknr;
__le16 date, time;
u8 time_cs;
int err, cluster;
err = fat_alloc_clusters(dir, &cluster, 1);
if (err)
goto error;
blknr = fat_clus_to_blknr(sbi, cluster);
bhs[0] = sb_getblk(sb, blknr);
if (!bhs[0]) {
err = -ENOMEM;
goto error_free;
}
fat_time_unix2fat(sbi, ts, &time, &date, &time_cs);
de = (struct msdos_dir_entry *)bhs[0]->b_data;
/* filling the new directory slots ("." and ".." entries) */
memcpy(de[0].name, MSDOS_DOT, MSDOS_NAME);
memcpy(de[1].name, MSDOS_DOTDOT, MSDOS_NAME);
de->attr = de[1].attr = ATTR_DIR;
de[0].lcase = de[1].lcase = 0;
de[0].time = de[1].time = time;
de[0].date = de[1].date = date;
if (sbi->options.isvfat) {
/* extra timestamps */
de[0].ctime = de[1].ctime = time;
de[0].ctime_cs = de[1].ctime_cs = time_cs;
de[0].adate = de[0].cdate = de[1].adate = de[1].cdate = date;
} else {
de[0].ctime = de[1].ctime = 0;
de[0].ctime_cs = de[1].ctime_cs = 0;
de[0].adate = de[0].cdate = de[1].adate = de[1].cdate = 0;
}
fat_set_start(&de[0], cluster);
fat_set_start(&de[1], MSDOS_I(dir)->i_logstart);
de[0].size = de[1].size = 0;
memset(de 2, 0, sb->s_blocksize - 2 * sizeof(*de));
set_buffer_uptodate(bhs[0]);
mark_buffer_dirty_inode(bhs[0], dir);
err = fat_zeroed_cluster(dir, blknr, 1, bhs, MAX_BUF_PER_PAGE);
if (err)
goto error_free;
return cluster;
error_free:
fat_free_clusters(dir, cluster);
error:
return err;
}