ForkJoin
Java 7 开始引入了一种新的 Fork/Join
线程池,它可以执行一种特殊的任务:把一个大任务拆成多个小任务并行执行。
Fork/Join
任务的原理:判断一个任务是否足够小,如果是,直接计算,否则,就分拆成几个小任务分别计算。这个过程可以反复“裂变”成一系列小任务。
下面以大数组求和为例:
代码语言:javascript复制public class T {
private static Random random = new Random(0);
private static long random() {
return random.nextInt(10000);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建2000个随机数组成的数组:
long[] array = new long[2000];
long expectedSum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i ) {
array[i] = random();
expectedSum = array[i];
}
System.out.println("Expected sum: " expectedSum);
// fork/join:
ForkJoinTask<Long> task = new SumTask(array, 0, array.length);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Long result = ForkJoinPool.commonPool().invoke(task);
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Fork/join sum: " result " in " (endTime - startTime) " ms.");
}
}
class SumTask extends RecursiveTask<Long> {
static final int THRESHOLD = 500;
long[] array;
int start;
int end;
SumTask(long[] array, int start, int end) {
this.array = array;
this.start = start;
this.end = end;
}
@Override
protected Long compute() {
if (end - start <= THRESHOLD) {
// 如果任务足够小,直接计算:
long sum = 0;
for (int i = start; i < end; i ) {
sum = this.array[i];
}
return sum;
}
// 任务太大,一分为二:
int middle = (end start) / 2;
System.out.println(String.format("split %d~%d ==> %d~%d, %d~%d", start, end, start, middle, middle, end));
// “分裂”子任务:
SumTask subtask1 = new SumTask(this.array, start, middle);
SumTask subtask2 = new SumTask(this.array, middle, end);
// invokeAll会并行运行两个子任务:
invokeAll(subtask1, subtask2);
// 获得子任务的结果并汇总:
Long subresult1 = subtask1.join();
Long subresult2 = subtask2.join();
Long result = subresult1 subresult2;
System.out.println("result = " subresult1 " " subresult2 " ==> " result);
return result;
}
}