节选自《Netkiller Database 手札》
60.2. 文档API
60.2.1. 快速上手
文档通过 _index、_type、_id 元数据(metadata),确定 URL 唯一
代码语言:javascript复制 GET /<_index>/<_type>/<_id>
代码语言:javascript复制# curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/website/profile/1' -d '{
"name" : "neo",
"nickname" : "netkiller",
"age" : "35",
"message" : "Helloworld !!!"
}'
# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/profile/1?pretty'
{
"_index" : "website",
"_type" : "profile",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 1,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"name" : "neo",
"nickname" : "netkiller",
"age" : "35",
"message" : "Helloworld !!!"
}
}
# curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/website/blog/1?pretty' -d '{
> "title": "My first blog entry",
> "text": "Just trying this out...",
> "date": "2014/01/01"
> }'
{
"_index" : "website",
"_type" : "blog",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 1,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"created" : true
}
后面会详细讲解 PUT与GET的使用方法以及相关参数
60.2.2. 写入 PUT/POST
通过 PUT 写入数据
代码语言:javascript复制[root@localhost ~]# curl -XPUT 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/1' -d '{
> "user" : "kimchy",
> "post_date" : "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
> "message" : "trying out Elasticsearch"
> }'
{"_index":"twitter","_type":"tweet","_id":"1","_version":1,"_shards":{"total":2,"successful":1,"failed":0},"created":true}
使用 UUID 替代 _id, 注意使用UUID 必须使用 POST方式提交,不能使用 PUT。
代码语言:javascript复制curl -XPOST 'http://localhost:9200/website/news/?pretty' -d '{
"title": "My first news entry",
"text": "Just trying this out..."
}'
{
"_index" : "website",
"_type" : "news1",
"_id" : "AVY0RJrvJRTrBLpmYzBH",
"_version" : 1,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"created" : true
}
curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news/AVY0RJrvJRTrBLpmYzBH?pretty'
提交后会输出 "_id" : "AVY0RJrvJRTrBLpmYzBH",查询时将此放到放到URL中即可。
60.2.3. 获取 GET
通过 GET 读取数据
代码语言:javascript复制[root@localhost ~]# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/1'
{"_index":"twitter","_type":"tweet","_id":"1","_version":1,"found":true,"_source":{
"user" : "kimchy",
"post_date" : "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
"message" : "trying out Elasticsearch"
}}
60.2.3.1. _source
只返回 _source 数据,去掉元数据
代码语言:javascript复制# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news1/AVY0Q4SqdtH0Up0t-WB2/_source?pretty'
{
"title" : "My first news entry",
"text" : "Just trying this out..."
}
选择字段 _source=title,超过一个字段使用逗号分隔_source=title,text。
代码语言:javascript复制 # curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news1/AVY0Q4SqdtH0Up0t-WB2?_source=title&pretty'
{
"_index" : "website",
"_type" : "news1",
"_id" : "AVY0Q4SqdtH0Up0t-WB2",
"_version" : 1,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"title" : "My first news entry"
}
}
# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news1/AVY0Q4SqdtH0Up0t-WB2?_source=title,text&pretty'
{
"_index" : "website",
"_type" : "news1",
"_id" : "AVY0Q4SqdtH0Up0t-WB2",
"_version" : 1,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"text" : "Just trying this out...",
"title" : "My first news entry"
}
}
60.2.4. 检查记录是否存在
代码语言:javascript复制[root@localhost elasticsearch]# curl -i -XHEAD http://localhost:9200/website/blog/1
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 0
[root@localhost elasticsearch]# curl -i -XHEAD http://localhost:9200/website/blog/100
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 0
HTTP/1.1 200 OK 表示已经找到你要的数据
HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found 表示数据不存在
60.2.5. 参数
60.2.5.1. pretty 格式化 json
代码语言:javascript复制# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/twitter/tweet/1?pretty'
{
"_index" : "twitter",
"_type" : "tweet",
"_id" : "1",
"_version" : 1,
"found" : true,
"_source" : {
"user" : "kimchy",
"post_date" : "2009-11-15T14:12:12",
"message" : "trying out Elasticsearch"
}
}
60.3. 搜索
搜索所有内容
代码语言:javascript复制# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_search?pretty'
# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_all/_search?pretty'
指定 _index 搜索
代码语言:javascript复制# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/_search?pretty'
# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news/_search?pretty'
指定 _type 搜索
代码语言:javascript复制# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website,twitter/_search?pretty'
# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website/news,blog/_search?pretty'
# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/website,twitter/news,blog/_search?pretty'
所有 _index 包含指定 _type 搜索
代码语言:javascript复制# curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_all/news,blog/_search?pretty'
60.3.1. 分页
该功能与SQL的LIMIT关键字结果一样,Elasticsearch接受size和from两个参数参数:
size: 返回结果集数量,默认10,用法与SQL中的 Limit相同
from: 偏移量,默认0,用法与 SQL中的 Offset相同
如果你想每页显示10个结果,那么请求如下:
代码语言:javascript复制 第一页 GET /_search?size=10
第二页 GET /_search?size=10&from=10
第三页 GET /_search?size=10&from=20
60.3.2. 字符串搜索
代码语言:javascript复制 # curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_all/_search?q=neo&pretty'
同时满足两个条件
代码语言:javascript复制 name:neo age:30
查找name为mary 或者 john的数据
代码语言:javascript复制 name:(mary john)
查询姓名是neo或者jam并且年龄小于30岁同时1980-09-10之后出生的
代码语言:javascript复制 name:(neo jam) age:<30 date:>1980-09-10