大数据必学Java基础(九十):通过反射获取运行时类的完整结构

2022-12-13 11:13:10 浏览数 (2)

通过反射获取运行时类的完整结构

一、补充完善上篇提供的丰富的类

代码语言:javascript复制
//作为一个父类
public class Person implements Serializable {
    //属性
    private int age;
    public String name;

    //方法
    private void eat(){
        System.out.println("Person---eat");
    }
    public void sleep(){
        System.out.println("Person---sleep");
    }
}

package com.lanson.test03;

//Student作为子类
@MyAnnotation(value="hello")
public class Student extends Person implements MyInterface{
    //属性:
    private int sno;//学号
    double height;//身高
    protected double weight;//体重
    public double score;//成绩

    //方法:
    @MyAnnotation(value="himethod")
    public String showInfo(){
        return "我是一名三好学生";
    }
    public String showInfo(int a,int b){
        return "重载方法====我是一名三好学生";
    }
    private void work(){
        System.out.println("我以后会找工作--》成为码农  程序员 程序猿  程序媛");
    }
    void happy(){
        System.out.println("做人最重要的就是开心每一天");
    }
    protected int getSno(){
        return sno;
    }

    //构造器
    public Student(){
        System.out.println("空参构造器");
    }
    private Student(int sno){
        this.sno = sno;
    }
    Student(int sno,double weight){
        this.sno = sno;
        this.weight = weight;
    }
    protected Student(int sno,double height,double weight){
        this.sno = sno;
    }

    @Override
    @MyAnnotation(value="hellomyMethod")
    public void myMethod() {
        System.out.println("我重写了myMethod方法。。");
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{"  
                "sno="   sno  
                ", height="   height  
                ", weight="   weight  
                ", score="   score  
                '}';
    }
}


package com.lanson.test03;

import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.*;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE;
/*
@Target:定义当前注解能够修饰程序中的哪些元素
@Retention:定义注解的声明周期
 */
@Target({TYPE, FIELD, METHOD, PARAMETER, CONSTRUCTOR, LOCAL_VARIABLE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface MyAnnotation {
    String value();//属性
}

package com.lanson.test03;

public interface MyInterface {//自定义的接口
    //随便定义一个抽象方法:
    void myMethod();
}

二、获取构造器和创建对象

代码语言:javascript复制
package com.lanson.test03;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

public class Test01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
        //获取字节码信息:
        Class cls = Student.class;

        //通过字节码信息可以获取构造器:
        //getConstructors只能获取当前运行时类的被public修饰的构造器
        Constructor[] c1 = cls.getConstructors();
        for(Constructor c:c1){
            System.out.println(c);
        }

        System.out.println("-------------------");
        //getDeclaredConstructors:获取运行时类的全部修饰符的构造器
        Constructor[] c2 = cls.getDeclaredConstructors();
        for(Constructor c:c2){
            System.out.println(c);
        }
        System.out.println("-------------------");
        //获取指定的构造器:
        //得到空构造器
        Constructor con1 = cls.getConstructor();
        System.out.println(con1);

        //得到两个参数的有参构造器:
        Constructor con2 = cls.getConstructor(double.class, double.class);
        System.out.println(con2);

        //得到一个参数的有参构造器:并且是private修饰的
        Constructor con3 = cls.getDeclaredConstructor(int.class);
        System.out.println(con3);

        //有了构造器以后我就可以创建对象:
        Object o1 = con1.newInstance();
        System.out.println(o1);

        Object o2 = con2.newInstance(180.5, 170.6);
        System.out.println(o2);
    }
}

三、获取属性和对属性进行赋值

代码语言:javascript复制
package com.lanson.test03;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;

public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException {
        //获取运行时类的字节码信息:
        Class cls = Student.class;
        //获取属性:
        //getFields:获取运行时类和父类中被public修饰的属性
        Field[] fields = cls.getFields();
        for(Field f:fields){
            System.out.println(f);
        }
        System.out.println("---------------------");
        //getDeclaredFields:获取运行时类中的所有属性
        Field[] declaredFields = cls.getDeclaredFields();
        for(Field f:declaredFields){
            System.out.println(f);
        }
        System.out.println("---------------------");
        //获取指定的属性:
        Field score = cls.getField("score");
        System.out.println(score);
        Field sno = cls.getDeclaredField("sno");
        System.out.println(sno);

        System.out.println("---------------------");
        //属性的具体结构:
        //获取修饰符
        /*int modifiers = sno.getModifiers();
        System.out.println(modifiers);
        System.out.println(Modifier.toString(modifiers));*/
        System.out.println(Modifier.toString(sno.getModifiers()));
        //获取属性的数据类型:
        Class clazz = sno.getType();
        System.out.println(clazz.getName());

        //获取属性的名字:
        String name = sno.getName();
        System.out.println(name);
        System.out.println("-------------------------------");
        //给属性赋值:(给属性设置值,必须要有对象)
        Field sco = cls.getField("score");
        Object obj = cls.newInstance();
        sco.set(obj,98);//给obj这个对象的score属性设置具体的值,这个值为98
        System.out.println(obj);
    }
}

四、获取方法和调用方法

代码语言:javascript复制
package com.lanson.test03;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;

public class Test03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, InvocationTargetException {
        //获取字节码信息:
        Class cls = Student.class;
        //获取方法:
        //getMethods:获取运行时类的方法还有所有父类中的方法(被public修饰)
        Method[] methods = cls.getMethods();
        for(Method m:methods){
            System.out.println(m);
        }
        System.out.println("-----------------------");
        //getDeclaredMethods:获取运行时类中的所有方法:
        Method[] declaredMethods = cls.getDeclaredMethods();
        for(Method m:declaredMethods){
            System.out.println(m);
        }
        System.out.println("-----------------------");
        //获取指定的方法:
        Method showInfo1 = cls.getMethod("showInfo");
        System.out.println(showInfo1);
        Method showInfo2 = cls.getMethod("showInfo", int.class, int.class);
        System.out.println(showInfo2);
        Method work = cls.getDeclaredMethod("work",int.class);
        System.out.println(work);
        System.out.println("-----------------------");
        //获取方法的具体结构:
        /*
        @注解
        修饰符 返回值类型  方法名(参数列表) throws XXXXX{}
         */
        //名字:
        System.out.println(work.getName());
        //修饰符:
        int modifiers = work.getModifiers();
        System.out.println(Modifier.toString(modifiers));
        //返回值:
        System.out.println(work.getReturnType());
        //参数列表:
        Class[] parameterTypes = work.getParameterTypes();
        for(Class c:parameterTypes){
            System.out.println(c);
        }

        //获取注解:
        Method myMethod = cls.getMethod("myMethod");
        Annotation[] annotations = myMethod.getAnnotations();
        for(Annotation a:annotations){
            System.out.println(a);
        }

        //获取异常:
        Class[] exceptionTypes = myMethod.getExceptionTypes();
        for(Class c:exceptionTypes){
            System.out.println(c);
        }


        //调用方法:
        Object o = cls.newInstance();
        myMethod.invoke(o);//调用o对象的mymethod方法

        System.out.println(showInfo2.invoke(o,12,45));;

    }
}

五、获取类的接口,所在包,注解

代码语言:javascript复制
package com.lanson.test03;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;

public class Test04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //获取字节码信息:
        Class cls = Student.class;
        //获取运行时类的接口:
        Class[] interfaces = cls.getInterfaces();
        for(Class c:interfaces){
            System.out.println(c);
        }

        //得到父类的接口:
        //先得到父类的字节码信息:
        Class superclass = cls.getSuperclass();

        //得到接口:
        Class[] interfaces1 = superclass.getInterfaces();
        for(Class c:interfaces1){
            System.out.println(c);
        }

        //获取运行时类所在的包:
        Package aPackage = cls.getPackage();
        System.out.println(aPackage);
        System.out.println(aPackage.getName());

        //获取运行类的注解:
        Annotation[] annotations = cls.getAnnotations();
        for(Annotation a:annotations){
            System.out.println(a);
        }

    }
}

六、关于反射的面试题

问题1:创建Person的对象,以后用new Person()创建,还是用反射创建?

问题2:反射是否破坏了面向对象的封装性?

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