什么是WebSocket WebSocket用于在Web浏览器和服务器之间进行任意的双向数据传输的一种技术。WebSocket协议基于TCP协议实现，包含初始的握手过程，以及后续的多次数据帧双向传输过程。 其目的是在WebSocket应用和WebSocket服务器进行频繁双向通信时，可以使服务器避免打开多个HTTP连接进行工作来节约资源，提高了工作效率和资源利用率。
WebSocket 的一些特点：
- 建立在 TCP 协议之上，服务器端的实现比较容易。
- 与 HTTP 协议有着良好的兼容性。默认端口也是80和443，并且握手阶段采用 HTTP 协议，因此握手时不容易屏蔽，能通过各种 HTTP 代理服务器。
- 数据格式比较轻量，性能开销小，通信高效。
- 可以发送文本，也可以发送二进制数据。
- 没有同源限制，客户端可以与任意服务器通信。
- 协议标识符是ws（如果加密，则为wss），服务器网址就是 URL。
实现原理
浏览器发出webSocket的连线请求，服务器发出响应，这个过程称为握手,握手的过程只需要一次，就可以实现持久连接。
php实现websocket实时消息推送 这里封装了一个类，具体看SocketService.php文件
代码语言：javascript复制<?php
class SocketService
{
private $address = '0.0.0.0';
private $port = 8080;
private $_sockets;
public function __construct($address = '', $port='')
{
if(!empty($address)){
$this->address = $address;
}
if(!empty($port)) {
$this->port = $port;
}
}
public function service(){
//获取tcp协议号码。
$tcp = getprotobyname("tcp");
$sock = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $tcp);
socket_set_option($sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, 1);
if($sock < 0)
{
throw new Exception("failed to create socket: ".socket_strerror($sock)."n");
}
socket_bind($sock, $this->address, $this->port);
socket_listen($sock, $this->port);
echo "listen on $this->address $this->port ... n";
$this->_sockets = $sock;
}
public function run(){
$this->service();
$clients[] = $this->_sockets;
while (true){
$changes = $clients;
$write = NULL;
$except = NULL;
socket_select($changes, $write, $except, NULL);
foreach ($changes as $key => $_sock){
if($this->_sockets == $_sock){ //判断是不是新接入的socket
if(($newClient = socket_accept($_sock)) === false){
die('failed to accept socket: '.socket_strerror($_sock)."n");
}
$line = trim(socket_read($newClient, 1024));
$this->handshaking($newClient, $line);
//获取client ip
socket_getpeername ($newClient, $ip);
$clients[$ip] = $newClient;
echo "Client ip:{$ip} n";
echo "Client msg:{$line} n";
} else {
socket_recv($_sock, $buffer, 2048, 0);
$msg = $this->message($buffer);
//在这里业务代码
echo "{$key} clinet msg:",$msg,"n";
fwrite(STDOUT, 'Please input a argument:');
$response = trim(fgets(STDIN));
$this->send($_sock, $response);
echo "{$key} response to Client:".$response,"n";
}
}
}
}
/**
* 握手处理
* @param $newClient socket
* @return int 接收到的信息
*/
public function handshaking($newClient, $line){
$headers = array();
$lines = preg_split("/rn/", $line);
foreach($lines as $line)
{
$line = chop($line);
if(preg_match('/A(S ): (.*)z/', $line, $matches))
{
$headers[$matches[1]] = $matches[2];
}
}
$secKey = $headers['Sec-WebSocket-Key'];
$secAccept = base64_encode(pack('H*', sha1($secKey . '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11')));
$upgrade = "HTTP/1.1 101 Web Socket Protocol Handshakern" .
"Upgrade: websocketrn" .
"Connection: Upgradern" .
"WebSocket-Origin: $this->addressrn" .
"WebSocket-Location: ws://$this->address:$this->port/websocket/websocketrn".
"Sec-WebSocket-Accept:$secAcceptrnrn";
return socket_write($newClient, $upgrade, strlen($upgrade));
}
/**
* 解析接收数据
* @param $buffer
* @return null|string
*/
public function message($buffer){
$len = $masks = $data = $decoded = null;
$len = ord($buffer[1]) & 127;
if ($len === 126) {
$masks = substr($buffer, 4, 4);
$data = substr($buffer, 8);
} else if ($len === 127) {
$masks = substr($buffer, 10, 4);
$data = substr($buffer, 14);
} else {
$masks = substr($buffer, 2, 4);
$data = substr($buffer, 6);
}
for ($index = 0; $index < strlen($data); $index ) {
$decoded .= $data[$index] ^ $masks[$index % 4];
}
return $decoded;
}
/**
* 发送数据
* @param $newClinet 新接入的socket
* @param $msg 要发送的数据
* @return int|string
*/
public function send($newClinet, $msg){
$msg = $this->frame($msg);
socket_write($newClinet, $msg, strlen($msg));
}
public function frame($s) {
$a = str_split($s, 125);
if (count($a) == 1) {
return "x81" . chr(strlen($a[0])) . $a[0];
}
$ns = "";
foreach ($a as $o) {
$ns .= "x81" . chr(strlen($o)) . $o;
}
return $ns;
}
/**
* 关闭socket
*/
public function close(){
return socket_close($this->_sockets);
}
}
$sock = new SocketService();
$sock->run();前端显示
代码语言：javascript复制<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no">
<title>websocket</title>
</head>
<body>
<input id="text" value="">
<input type="submit" value="send" onclick="start()">
<input type="submit" value="close" onclick="close()">
<p id="msg"></p>
<script>
/**
0：未连接
1：连接成功，可通讯
2：正在关闭
3：连接已关闭或无法打开
*/
//创建一个webSocket 实例
var webSocket = new WebSocket("ws://192.168.31.152:8083");
webSocket.onerror = function (event){
onError(event);
};
// 打开websocket
webSocket.onopen = function (event){
onOpen(event);
};
//监听消息
webSocket.onmessage = function (event){
onMessage(event);
};
webSocket.onclose = function (event){
onClose(event);
}
//关闭监听websocket
function onError(event){
document.getElementById("msg").innerHTML = "<p>close</p>";
console.log("error" event.data);
};
function onOpen(event){
console.log("open:" sockState());
document.getElementById("msg").innerHTML = "<p>Connect to Service</p>";
};
function onMessage(event){
console.log("onMessage");
document.getElementById("msg").innerHTML = "<p>response:" event.data "</p>"
};
function onClose(event){
document.getElementById("msg").innerHTML = "<p>close</p>";
console.log("close:" sockState());
webSocket.close();
}
function sockState(){
var status = ['未连接','连接成功，可通讯','正在关闭','连接已关闭或无法打开'];
return status[webSocket.readyState];
}
function start(event){
console.log(webSocket);
var msg = document.getElementById('text').value;
document.getElementById('text').value = '';
console.log("send:" sockState());
console.log("msg=" msg);
webSocket.send("msg=" msg);
document.getElementById("msg").innerHTML = "<p>request" msg "</p>"
};
function close(event){
webSocket.close();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
