微信公众号-网页授权

2022-09-14 18:03:18 浏览数 (1)

一、授权需求

需求： 登陆主页后展示用户名，用户名使用用户的微信名

project/settings.py

代码语言：javascript复制
TEMPLATES = [
    {
        <span class="hljs-string">'BACKEND'</span>: <span class="hljs-string">'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates'</span>,
        <span class="hljs-string">'DIRS'</span>: [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, <span class="hljs-string">"template"</span>)],
        <span class="hljs-string">'APP_DIRS'</span>: <span class="hljs-keyword">True</span>,
        <span class="hljs-string">'OPTIONS'</span>: {
            <span class="hljs-string">'context_processors'</span>: [
                <span class="hljs-string">'django.template.context_processors.debug'</span>,
                <span class="hljs-string">'django.template.context_processors.request'</span>,
                <span class="hljs-string">'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth'</span>,
                <span class="hljs-string">'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages'</span>,
            ],
        },
    },
]

template/index.html

代码语言：javascript复制
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>index</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1,maximum-scale=1,user-scalable=no" />
</head>
<body>
    <h1>sunck is a good man</h1>
    <p>欢迎：{{name}}</p>
</body>
</html>

myApp/views.py

代码语言：javascript复制
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">index</span><span class="hljs-params">(request)</span>:</span>
    data = {
        <span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>: request.session.get(<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"游客"</span>)
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> render(request, <span class="hljs-string">"index.html"</span>, data)

二、授权原理

流程：

  1. 设置网页授权回调域名
  2. 用户同意授权获取code
  3. 通过code换取网页授权access_token
  4. 刷新access_token（如果需要）
  5. 拉取用户信息(需scope为 snsapi_userinfo)

1、设置网页授权回调域名：

在微信公众号请求用户网页授权之前，开发者需要先到公众平台官网中的“开发 - 接口权限 - 网页服务 - 网页帐号 - 网页授权获取用户基本信息”的配置选项中，修改授权回调域名。请注意，这里填写的是域名（是一个字符串），而不是URL，因此请勿加 http:// 等协议头

授权回调域名配置规范为全域名，比如需要网页授权的域名为：www.qq.com，配置以后此域名下面的页面http://www.qq.com/music.html 、 http://www.qq.com/login.html 都可以进行OAuth2.0鉴权。但http://pay.qq.com 、 http://music.qq.com 、 http://qq.com 无法进行OAuth2.0鉴权

如果公众号登录授权给了第三方开发者来进行管理，则不必做任何设置，由第三方代替公众号实现网页授权即可

2、用户同意授权获取code：

在确保微信公众账号拥有授权作用域（scope参数）的权限的前提下（服务号获得高级接口后，默认拥有scope参数中的snsapi_base和snsapi_userinfo），引导关注者打开如下页面：https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=APPID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&response_type=code&scope=SCOPE&state=STATE#wechat_redirec

参数

说明

appid

公众号的唯一标识

redirect_uri

授权后重定向的回调链接地址， 请使用 urlEncode 对链接进行处理

response_type

返回类型，请填写code

scope

应用授权作用域，snsapi_base （不弹出授权页面，直接跳转，只能获取用户openid），snsapi_userinfo （弹出授权页面，可通过openid拿到昵称、性别、所在地。并且， 即使在未关注的情况下，只要用户授权，也能获取其信息 ）

state

重定向后会带上state参数，开发者可以填写a-zA-Z0-9的参数值，最多128字节

#wechat_redirect

无论直接打开还是做页面302重定向时候，必须带此参数

如果用户同意授权，页面将跳转至 redirect_uri/?code=CODE&state=STATE。若用户禁止授权，则重定向后不会带上code参数，仅会带上state参数redirect_uri?state=STATE

  • snsapi_base https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=wxffde55b11cc79754&redirect_uri=http://39.107.226.105/empower&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_base&state=1#wechat_redirec

微信扫描二维码：

  • snsapi_userinfo https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=wxffde55b11cc79754&redirect_uri=http://39.107.226.105/empower&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state=1#wechat_redirec

微信扫描二维码：

3、通过code换取网页授权access_token：

首先请注意，这里通过code换取的是一个特殊的网页授权access_token,与基础支持中的access_token（该access_token用于调用其他接口）不同。公众号可通过下述接口来获取网页授权access_token。如果网页授权的作用域为snsapi_base，则本步骤中获取到网页授权access_token的同时，也获取到了openid，snsapi_base式的网页授权流程即到此为止

尤其注意：由于公众号的secret和获取到的access_token安全级别都非常高，必须只保存在服务器，不允许传给客户端。后续刷新access_token、通过access_token获取用户信息等步骤，也必须从服务器发起

获取code后，请求以下链接获取access_token： https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code

参数

是否必须

说明

appid

是

公众号的唯一标识

secret

是

公众号的appsecret

code

是

填写第一步获取的code参数

grant_type

是

填写为authorization_code

正确返回的JSON数据包：

代码语言：javascript复制
{
  "access_token":"ACCESS_TOKEN",
  "expires_in":7200,
  "refresh_token":"REFRESH_TOKEN",
  "openid":"OPENID",
  "scope":"SCOPE" 
}

属性

说明

access_token

网页授权接口调用凭证,注意：此access_token与基础支持的access_token不同

expires_in

access_token接口调用凭证超时时间，单位（秒）

refresh_token

用户刷新access_token

openid

用户唯一标识，请注意，在未关注公众号时，用户访问公众号的网页，也会产生一个用户和公众号唯一的OpenID

scope

用户授权的作用域，使用逗号（,）分隔

关于网页授权access_token和普通access_token的区别：

  • 微信网页授权是通过OAuth2.0机制实现的，在用户授权给公众号后，公众号可以获取到一个网页授权特有的接口调用凭证（网页授权access_token），通过网页授权access_token可以进行授权后接口调用，如获取用户基本信息
  • 其他微信接口，需要通过基础支持中的“获取access_token”接口来获取到的普通access_token调用

错误时微信会返回JSON数据包：

代码语言：javascript复制
{"errcode":40029,"errmsg":"invalid code"}

4、刷新access_token（如果需要）:

由于access_token拥有较短的有效期，当access_token超时后，可以使用refresh_token进行刷新，refresh_token有效期为30天，当refresh_token失效之后，需要用户重新授权

请求方法

获取第二步的refresh_token后，请求以下链接获取access_token： https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/refresh_token?appid=APPID&grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=REFRESH_TOKEN

参数

是否必须

说明

appid

是

公众号的唯一标识

grant_type

是

填写为refresh_token

refresh_token

是

填写通过access_token获取到的refresh_token参数

正确时返回的JSON数据包

代码语言：javascript复制
{ 
  "access_token":"ACCESS_TOKEN",
  "expires_in":7200,
  "refresh_token":"REFRESH_TOKEN",
  "openid":"OPENID",
  "scope":"SCOPE" 
}

参数

说明

access_token

网页授权接口调用凭证,注意：此access_token与基础支持的access_token不同

expires_in

access_token接口调用凭证超时时间，单位（秒）

refresh_token

用户刷新access_token

openid

用户唯一标识

scope

用户授权的作用域，使用逗号（,）分隔

错误时微信会返回JSON数据包：

代码语言：javascript复制
{"errcode":40029,"errmsg":"invalid code"}

5、拉取用户信息(需scope为 snsapi_userinfo)：

请求方法

http：GET（请使用https协议） https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID&lang=zh_CN

参数

说明

access_token

网页授权接口调用凭证,注意：此access_token与基础支持的access_token不同

openid

用户的唯一标识

lang

返回国家地区语言版本，zh_CN 简体，zh_TW 繁体，en 英语

正确时返回的JSON数据包

代码语言：javascript复制
{   
  "openid":" OPENID",
  "nickname": NICKNAME,
  "sex":"1",
  "province":"PROVINCE",
  "city":"CITY",
  "country":"COUNTRY",
  "headimgurl":       "http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/g3MonUZtNHkdmzicIlibx6iaFqAc56vxLSUfpb6n5WKSYVY0ChQKkiaJSgQ1dZuTOgvLLrhJbERQQ4eMsv84eavHiaiceqxibJxCfHe/46",
  "privilege":[ "PRIVILEGE1" "PRIVILEGE2"     ],
  "unionid": "o6_bmasdasdsad6_2sgVt7hMZOPfL"
}

参数

描述

openid

用户的唯一标识

nickname

用户昵称

sex

用户的性别，值为1时是男性，值为2时是女性，值为0时是未知

province

用户个人资料填写的省份

city

普通用户个人资料填写的城市

country

国家，如中国为CN

headimgurl

用户头像，最后一个数值代表正方形头像大小（有0、46、64、96、132数值可选，0代表640*640正方形头像），用户没有头像时该项为空。若用户更换头像，原有头像URL将失效

privilege

用户特权信息，json 数组，如微信沃卡用户为（chinaunicom）

unionid

只有在用户将公众号绑定到微信开放平台帐号后，才会出现该字段

错误时微信会返回JSON数据包

代码语言：javascript复制
{"errcode":40003,"errmsg":" invalid openid "}

检验授权凭证（access_token）是否有效 请求方法 http：GET（请使用https协议） https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/auth?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID 参数 说明 access_token 网页授权接口调用凭证,注意：此access_token与基础支持的access_token不同 openid 用户的唯一标识 正确的JSON返回结果 { "errcode":0,"errmsg":"ok"} 错误时的JSON { "errcode":40003,"errmsg":"invalid openid"}

代码示例

myApp/urls.py

代码语言：javascript复制
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> django.urls <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> path, re_path
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> myApp <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> views

urlpatterns = [
    path(<span class="hljs-string">r'index/'</span>, views.index),
    path(<span class="hljs-string">r'weixin/'</span>, views.weixin),
    path(<span class="hljs-string">r'access/'</span>, views.access),
    path(<span class="hljs-string">r'menu/'</span>, views.menu),
    path(<span class="hljs-string">r'dlmenu/'</span>, views.menu),
    path(<span class="hljs-string">r'empower/'</span>, views.empower),
]

myApp/views.py

代码语言：javascript复制
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> django.shortcuts <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> render, HttpResponse, redirect
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> django.views.decorators.csrf <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> csrf_exempt

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> hashlib
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> xmltodict
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> time
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> json
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> requests

<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> myApp.accessToken <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> AccessToken

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">index</span><span class="hljs-params">(request)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">responseXML</span><span class="hljs-params">(ToUserName, FromUserName, MsgType, **kwargs)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@csrf_exempt</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">weixin</span><span class="hljs-params">(request)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">access</span><span class="hljs-params">(request)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">menu</span><span class="hljs-params">(request)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">dlmenu</span><span class="hljs-params">(request)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span>
      
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">empower</span><span class="hljs-params">(request)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">#获得授权书</span>
    code = request.GET.get(<span class="hljs-string">"code"</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> code:
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> HttpResponse(<span class="hljs-string">"您未授权，无法获取用户信息"</span>)

    <span class="hljs-comment">#获取access_token和openid</span>
    url = <span class="hljs-string">"https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=%s&amp;secret=%s&amp;code=%s&amp;grant_type=authorization_code"</span>%(<span class="hljs-string">"wxffde55b11cc79754"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"84e86527f090d6238ea1c0b96f5fc753"</span>, code)
    res = requests.get(url)
    resDict = json.loads(res.content)

    access_token = resDict.get(<span class="hljs-string">"access_token"</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> access_token:
        <span class="hljs-comment"># 获取用户信息</span>
        url = <span class="hljs-string">"https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=%s&amp;openid=%s&amp;lang=zh_CN"</span>%(access_token, resDict.get(<span class="hljs-string">"openid"</span>))
        ret = requests.get(url)
        retDict = json.loads(ret.content)
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"----------------------------"</span>)
        print(retDict)
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"----------------------------"</span>)
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> HttpResponse(<span class="hljs-string">"获取用户信息成功"</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> HttpResponse(<span class="hljs-string">"获取access_token失败"</span>)

三、登陆主页获取用户信息

project/settings.py

代码语言：javascript复制
SESSION_ENGINE = <span class="hljs-string">"django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache"</span>

myApp/urls.py

代码语言：javascript复制
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> django.urls <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> path, re_path
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> myApp <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> views

urlpatterns = [
    path(<span class="hljs-string">r'index/'</span>, views.index),
    path(<span class="hljs-string">r'weixin/'</span>, views.weixin),
    path(<span class="hljs-string">r'access/'</span>, views.access),
    path(<span class="hljs-string">r'menu/'</span>, views.menu),
    path(<span class="hljs-string">r'dlmenu/'</span>, views.menu),
    path(<span class="hljs-string">r'empower/'</span>, views.empower),
    path(<span class="hljs-string">r'auth/'</span>, views.auth),
]

myApp/views.py

代码语言：javascript复制
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> django.shortcuts <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> render, HttpResponse, redirect
<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> django.views.decorators.csrf <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> csrf_exempt

<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> hashlib
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> xmltodict
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> time
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> json
<span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> requests

<span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> myApp.accessToken <span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> AccessToken

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">index</span><span class="hljs-params">(request)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">responseXML</span><span class="hljs-params">(ToUserName, FromUserName, MsgType, **kwargs)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span>
<span class="hljs-meta">@csrf_exempt</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">weixin</span><span class="hljs-params">(request)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">access</span><span class="hljs-params">(request)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span>

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">menu</span><span class="hljs-params">(request)</span>:</span>
    access_toke = AccessToken.getAccessToken(<span class="hljs-string">"client_credential"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"wxffde55b11cc79754"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"84e86527f090d6238ea1c0b96f5fc753"</span>)

    url = <span class="hljs-string">"https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/menu/create?access_token=%s"</span>�cess_toke
    menu_data = {
        <span class="hljs-string">"button"</span>: [
            {
                <span class="hljs-string">"type"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"click"</span>,
                <span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"sunck"</span>,
                <span class="hljs-string">"key"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"V1001_SUNCK"</span>
            },
            {
                <span class="hljs-string">"type"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"view"</span>,
                <span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"主页"</span>,
                <span class="hljs-string">"url"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"http://39.107.226.105/auth/"</span>
            },
            {
                <span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"佳丽"</span>,
                <span class="hljs-string">"sub_button"</span>: [
                    {
                        <span class="hljs-string">"type"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"click"</span>,
                        <span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"林志玲"</span>,
                        <span class="hljs-string">"key"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"V1002_MASSAGE_BEAUTIFUL01"</span>
                    },
                    {
                        <span class="hljs-string">"type"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"click"</span>,
                        <span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"范冰冰"</span>,
                        <span class="hljs-string">"key"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"V1002_MASSAGE_BEAUTIFUL02"</span>
                    },
                    {
                        <span class="hljs-string">"type"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"click"</span>,
                        <span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"关之琳"</span>,
                        <span class="hljs-string">"key"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"V1002_MASSAGE_BEAUTIFUL03"</span>
                    },
                    {
                        <span class="hljs-string">"type"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"view"</span>,
                        <span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"更多佳丽"</span>,
                        <span class="hljs-string">"url"</span>: <span class="hljs-string">"http://www.baidu.com/"</span>
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    }

    data = json.dumps(menu_data, ensure_ascii=<span class="hljs-keyword">False</span>).encode()
    res = requests.post(url, data, <span class="hljs-string">"json"</span>)

    resDict = json.loads(res.content)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> resDict.get(<span class="hljs-string">"errcode"</span>) == <span class="hljs-number">0</span>:
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> HttpResponse(<span class="hljs-string">"菜单修改成功"</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> HttpResponse(<span class="hljs-string">"菜单修改失败"</span>)
      
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">dlmenu</span><span class="hljs-params">(request)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">pass</span>
      
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">empower</span><span class="hljs-params">(request)</span>:</span>
    <span class="hljs-comment">#获得授权书</span>
    code = request.GET.get(<span class="hljs-string">"code"</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">not</span> code:
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> HttpResponse(<span class="hljs-string">"您未授权，无法获取用户信息"</span>)

    <span class="hljs-comment">#获取access_token和openid</span>
    url = <span class="hljs-string">"https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=%s&amp;secret=%s&amp;code=%s&amp;grant_type=authorization_code"</span>%(<span class="hljs-string">"wxffde55b11cc79754"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"84e86527f090d6238ea1c0b96f5fc753"</span>, code)
    res = requests.get(url)
    resDict = json.loads(res.content)

    access_token = resDict.get(<span class="hljs-string">"access_token"</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> access_token:
        <span class="hljs-comment"># 获取用户信息</span>
        url = <span class="hljs-string">"https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=%s&amp;openid=%s&amp;lang=zh_CN"</span>%(access_token, resDict.get(<span class="hljs-string">"openid"</span>))
        ret = requests.get(url)
        retDict = json.loads(ret.content)
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"----------------------------"</span>)
        print(retDict)
        print(<span class="hljs-string">"----------------------------"</span>)
        request.session[<span class="hljs-string">"name"</span>] = retDict[<span class="hljs-string">"nickname"</span>]
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> redirect(<span class="hljs-string">"http://39.107.226.105/index/"</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>:
        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> HttpResponse(<span class="hljs-string">"获取access_token失败"</span>)

<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">def</span> <span class="hljs-title">auth</span><span class="hljs-params">(request)</span>:</span>
    url = <span class="hljs-string">"https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=wxffde55b11cc79754&amp;redirect_uri=http://39.107.226.105/empower&amp;response_type=code&amp;scope=snsapi_userinfo&amp;state=1#wechat_redirec"</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> redirect(url)
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