Servlet概述

2022-09-14 20:54:26 浏览数 (1)

一、什么是Servlet

​ Servlet是JavaWeb的三大组件之一,它属于动态资源。Servlet的作用是处理请求,服务器会把接收到的请求交给Servlet来处理,在Servlet中通常需要:

  • ​ 接收请求数据;
  • ​ 处理请求;
  • ​ 完成响应。

例如客户端发出登录请求,或者输出注册请求,这些请求都应该由Servlet来完成处理!Servlet需要我们自己来编写,每个Servlet必须实现javax.servlet.Servlet接口。

二、实现Servlet的方式

实现Servlet有三种方式:

​ 1、实现javax.servlet.Servlet接口;

​ 2、继承javax.servlet.GenericServlet类;

​ 3、继承javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet类;

通常我们会去继承HttpServlet类来完成我们的Servlet,但学习Servlet还要从javax.servlet.Servlet接口开始学习。

了解Servlet接口

Servlet.java

代码语言:javascript复制
public interface Servlet  {
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException;
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig();
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
            throws ServletException, IOException;
    public String getServletInfo();
    public void destroy();
}

了解GenericServlet类

GenericServlet是Servlet接口的实现类,我们可以通过继承GenericServlet来编写自己的Servlet。

GenericServlet.java

代码语言:javascript复制
public abstract class GenericServlet implements Servlet, ServletConfig,
        java.io.Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private transient ServletConfig config;
    public GenericServlet() {}
    @Override
    public void destroy() {}
    @Override
    public String getInitParameter(String name) {
        return getServletConfig().getInitParameter(name);
    }
    @Override
    public Enumeration<String> getInitParameterNames() {
        return getServletConfig().getInitParameterNames();
    }
    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return config;
    }
    @Override
    public ServletContext getServletContext() {
        return getServletConfig().getServletContext();
    }
    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return "";
    }
    @Override
    public void init (ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        this.config = config;
        this.init();
    }
    public void init () throws ServletException {}
    public void log(String msg) {
        getServletContext().log(getServletName()   ": "   msg);
    }
    public void log(String message, Throwable t) {
        getServletContext().log(getServletName()   ": "   message, t);
    }
    @Override
    public abstract void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
            throws ServletException, IOException;
    @Override
    public String getServletName() {
        return config.getServletName();
    }
}

了解HttpServlet类

​ HttpServlet类是GenericServlet的子类,它提供了对HTTP请求的特殊支持,所以通常我们都会通过继承HttpServlet来完成自定义的Servlet。

HttpServlet.java

代码语言:javascript复制
public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet {
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException {
        ……
}
    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
        throws ServletException, IOException {

        HttpServletRequest  request;
        HttpServletResponse response;

        try {
            request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
            response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
         } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
        }
        service(request, response); 
}
……
}

注意:

Servlet中的方法大多数不由我们来调用,而是由Tomcat来调用。并且Servlet的对象也不由我们来创建,由Tomcat来创建!

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