Python: “中国大学排名定向爬虫”实例

2022-09-20 13:59:07 浏览数 (1)

文章背景:之前学习了BeautifulSoup模块(参见文末的延伸阅读),在此基础上,通过输入大学排名URL链接,获得大学排名信息的屏幕输出。

定向爬虫:仅对输入URL进行爬取,不扩展爬取。

技术路线:requests-bs4

爬取网页:https://www.shanghairanking.cn/rankings/bcur/2020

1 程序的结构设计
  1. 从网络上获取大学排名网页内容 getHTMLText()
  2. 提取网页内容中的信息到合适的数据结构 fillUnivList()
  3. 利用数据结构展示并输出结果 printUnivList()
2 代码展示
代码语言:javascript复制
import requests, bs4
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

def getHTMLText(url):
    try:
        r = requests.get(url, timeout=30)
        r.raise_for_status()
        r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
        return r.text
    except Exception as exc:
        print('There was a problem: %s' % (exc))

def fillUnivList(ulist, html):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "html.parser")
    for tr in soup.find('tbody').children:
        if isinstance(tr, bs4.element.Tag):
            tds = tr('td')
            ulist.append([tds[0].text.strip(), tds[1].text.strip(), tds[4].text.strip()])

def printUnivList(ulist, num):
    tplt = "{0:^10}t{1:{3}^10}t{2:^10}"
    print(tplt.format("排名","学校名称","总分",chr(12288)))
    for i in range(num):
        u=ulist[i]
        print(tplt.format(u[0],u[1],u[2],chr(12288)))
        
def main():
    uinfo = []
    url = 'https://www.shanghairanking.cn/rankings/bcur/2020'
    html = getHTMLText(url)
    fillUnivList(uinfo, html)
    printUnivList(uinfo, 10) # 10 univs
    
main()

运行结果:

参考资料:

[1] 中国大学MOOC: Python网络爬虫与信息提取(https://www.icourse163.org/course/BIT-1001870001

[2] Python format 格式化函数(https://www.runoob.com/python/att-string-format.html

[3] 字符串格式化不整齐与chr(12288)(https://blog.csdn.net/Heart_for_Ling/article/details/109247500

[4] BeautifulSoup中 .string 返回None 和 .text使用(https://blog.csdn.net/lin252931/article/details/105403723

延伸阅读:

[1] Python: BeautifulSoup库入门

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