webpack 版本冲突详细原因分析及解决办法「建议收藏」

大家好，又见面了，我是你们的朋友全栈君。

本项目使用vue/cli-4构建，在安装完less-loader后，npm run serve 时候报错，原因是webpack版本冲突

报错信息

Error: Rule can only have one resource source (provided resource and test include exclude) in { “exclude”: [ null ], “use”: [ { “loader”: “/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/cache-loader/dist/cjs.js”, “options”: { “cacheDirectory”: “/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/.cache/babel-loader”, “cacheIdentifier”: “72213e73” }, “ident”: “clonedRuleSet-38[0].rules[0].use[0]” }, { “loader”: “/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/babel-loader/lib/index.js”, “options”: “undefined”, “ident”: “undefined” } ] } Error: Rule can only have one resource source (provided resource and test include exclude) in { “exclude”: [ null ], “use”: [ { “loader”: “/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/cache-loader/dist/cjs.js”, “options”: { “cacheDirectory”: “/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/.cache/babel-loader”, “cacheIdentifier”: “72213e73” }, “ident”: “clonedRuleSet-38[0].rules[0].use[0]” }, { “loader”: “/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/babel-loader/lib/index.js”, “options”: “undefined”, “ident”: “undefined” } ] } at checkResourceSource (/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/@vue/cli-service/node_modules/webpack/lib/RuleSet.js:167:11) at Function.normalizeRule (/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/@vue/cli-service/node_modules/webpack/lib/RuleSet.js:198:4) at /Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/@vue/cli-service/node_modules/webpack/lib/RuleSet.js:110:20 at Array.map () at Function.normalizeRules (/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/@vue/cli-service/node_modules/webpack/lib/RuleSet.js:109:17) at new RuleSet (/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/@vue/cli-service/node_modules/webpack/lib/RuleSet.js:104:24) at new NormalModuleFactory (/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/@vue/cli-service/node_modules/webpack/lib/NormalModuleFactory.js:115:18) at Compiler.createNormalModuleFactory (/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/@vue/cli-service/node_modules/webpack/lib/Compiler.js:636:31) at Compiler.newCompilationParams (/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/@vue/cli-service/node_modules/webpack/lib/Compiler.js:653:30) at Compiler.compile (/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/@vue/cli-service/node_modules/webpack/lib/Compiler.js:661:23) at /Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/@vue/cli-service/node_modules/webpack/lib/Watching.js:77:18 at AsyncSeriesHook.eval [as callAsync] (eval at create (/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/tapable/lib/HookCodeFactory.js:33:10), :24:1) at AsyncSeriesHook.lazyCompileHook (/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/tapable/lib/Hook.js:154:20) at Watching._go (/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/@vue/cli-service/node_modules/webpack/lib/Watching.js:41:32) at /Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/@vue/cli-service/node_modules/webpack/lib/Watching.js:33:9 at Compiler.readRecords (/Users/truezir_tech_team/WebstormProjects/vue_shop/node_modules/@vue/cli-service/node_modules/webpack/lib/Compiler.js:529:11)

分析

在npm install 安装完依赖模块后，使用webpack -v查看webpack 版本（注意，如果已经全局安装webpack 该命令会显示全局安装的webapck版本，要查看局部安装的版本号可以使用 npx webpack -v 查看），此时我的局部的webpack版本是4.x.x。接着安装less-loader （npm install less less-loader -D）安装完成后，由于less-loader 版本是10.x.x 版本太高，其依赖的weback 版本为 5.x.x （在执行上面的命令安装less-loader 时，5.x.x的版本会被安装）此时node_modules中就有两个webpack版本，所以在执行 npm run serve 时出现冲突