14·灵魂前端工程师养成-代码实现HTTP

2022-09-26 16:49:20 浏览数 (1)
  • HTTP请求与响应
  • HTTP规范
  • 使用curl构造请求
  • 使用node.js设置请求
  • 使用node.js设置响应

-曾老湿, 江湖人称曾老大。

-多年互联网运维工作经验，曾负责过大规模集群架构自动化运维管理工作。 -擅长Web集群架构与自动化运维，曾负责国内某大型金融公司运维工作。 -devops项目经理兼DBA。 -开发过一套自动化运维平台（功能如下）： 1)整合了各个公有云API，自主创建云主机。 2)ELK自动化收集日志功能。 3)Saltstack自动化运维统一配置管理工具。 4)Git、Jenkins自动化代码上线及自动化测试平台。 5)堡垒机，连接Linux、Windows平台及日志审计。 6)SQL执行及审批流程。 7)慢查询日志分析web界面。

HTTP请求与响应

使用代码实现nginx或者apache

使用node.js

先创建一个demo，然后使用VScode打开



代码语言：javascript复制
var http = require('http')
var fs = require('fs')
var url = require('url')
var port = process.argv[2]

if(!port){
  console.log('请指定端口号好不啦？nnode server.js 8888 这样不会吗？')
  process.exit(1)
}

var server = http.createServer(function(request, response){
  var parsedUrl = url.parse(request.url, true)
  var pathWithQuery = request.url 
  var queryString = ''
  if(pathWithQuery.indexOf('?') >= 0){ queryString = pathWithQuery.substring(pathWithQuery.indexOf('?')) }
  var path = parsedUrl.pathname
  var query = parsedUrl.query
  var method = request.method

  /******** 从这里开始看，上面不要看 ************/

  console.log('有个傻子发请求过来啦！路径（带查询参数）为：'   pathWithQuery)

  if(path === '/'){
    response.statusCode = 200
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf-8')
    response.write(`曾老湿`)
    response.end()
  } else if(path === '/x'){
    response.statusCode = 200
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/css;charset=utf-8')
    response.write(`body{color: red;}`)
    response.end()
  } else if(path === '/y'){
    response.statusCode = 200
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/javascript;charset=utf-8')
    response.write(`console.log('这是JS内容')`)
    response.end()
  } else {
    response.statusCode = 404
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf-8')
    response.write(`你输入的路径不存在对应的内容`)
    response.end()
  }

  /******** 代码结束，下面不要看 ************/
})

server.listen(port)
console.log('监听 '   port   ' 成功n请用在空中转体720度然后用电饭煲打开 http://localhost:'   port)



新建终端输入 node server.js



会提示需要加上端口

代码语言：javascript复制
node server.js 8888



以上代码，就是服务器的代码，类似于nginx 或者 http

HTTP规范

http 标准定制： RFC 2612

权威资料：传送门

HTTP的概念，请看博客：https://blog.driverzeng.com/zenglaoshi/2039.html

看完之后，请求动词目前只记两个：GET | POST

请求： 请求动词 路径加查询参数 协议名/版本 Host：域名或IP Accept：text/html Content-Type：请求体的格式 回车，请求空行 请求体（也就是上传内容）

Accept： text/html 我们可以使用程序来调试，获取一下accept想要访问的内容:

代码语言：javascript复制
var http = require('http')
var fs = require('fs')
var url = require('url')
var port = process.argv[2]

if(!port){
  console.log('请指定端口号好不啦？nnode server.js 8888 这样不会吗？')
  process.exit(1)
}

var server = http.createServer(function(request, response){
  var parsedUrl = url.parse(request.url, true)
  var pathWithQuery = request.url 
  var queryString = ''
  if(pathWithQuery.indexOf('?') >= 0){ queryString = pathWithQuery.substring(pathWithQuery.indexOf('?')) }
  var path = parsedUrl.pathname
  var query = parsedUrl.query
  var method = request.method

  /******** 从这里开始看，上面不要看 ************/

  console.log('有个傻子发请求过来啦！路径（带查询参数）为：'   pathWithQuery)

  if(path === '/'){
    response.statusCode = 200
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf-8')
    var accept = request.headers["accept"];
    console.log("accept:");
    console.log(accept);
    response.write(`
        <!DOCTYPE html>
        <head>
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="/x">
        </head>
        <body>
            <h1>曾老湿</h1>
            <script src="/y"></script>
        </body>
    `)
    response.end()
  } else if(path === '/x'){
    response.statusCode = 200
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/css;charset=utf-8')
    response.write(`body{color: red;}`)
    response.end()
  } else if(path === '/y'){
    response.statusCode = 200
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/javascript;charset=utf-8')
    response.write(`console.log('这是JS内容')`)
    response.end()
  } else {
    response.statusCode = 404
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf-8')
    response.write(`你输入的路径不存在对应的内容`)
    response.end()
  }

  /******** 代码结束，下面不要看 ************/
})

server.listen(port)
console.log('监听 '   port   ' 成功n请用在空中转体720度然后用电饭煲打开 http://localhost:'   port)



响应： 协议名/版本 状态码 状态字符串 Content-Type：响应体的格式 回车，响应空行 响应体（也就是下载内容）

使用curl构造请求

代码语言：javascript复制
MacBook-Pro:HTML driverzeng$ curl -v http://127.0.0.1:8888/
*   Trying 127.0.0.1...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 8888 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: 127.0.0.1:8888
> User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
< Date: Sun, 29 Dec 2019 11:24:07 GMT
< Connection: keep-alive
< Transfer-Encoding: chunked
<

        <!DOCTYPE html>
        <head>
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="/x">
        </head>
        <body>
            <h1>曾老湿</h1>
            <script src="/y"></script>
        </body>
* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact


# -X 设置请求头

    MacBook-Pro:HTML driverzeng$ curl -v -X POST http://127.0.0.1:8888/
*   Trying 127.0.0.1...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 8888 (#0)
> POST / HTTP/1.1
> Host: 127.0.0.1:8888
> User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
< Date: Sun, 29 Dec 2019 11:25:34 GMT
< Connection: keep-alive
< Transfer-Encoding: chunked
<

        <!DOCTYPE html>
        <head>
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="/x">
        </head>
        <body>
            <h1>曾老湿</h1>
            <script src="/y"></script>
        </body>
* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact


#修改请求路径
MacBook-Pro:HTML driverzeng$ curl -v -X POST http://127.0.0.1:8888/xxx
*   Trying 127.0.0.1...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 8888 (#0)
> POST /xxx HTTP/1.1
> Host: 127.0.0.1:8888
> User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
< Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
< Date: Sun, 29 Dec 2019 11:26:22 GMT
< Connection: keep-alive
< Transfer-Encoding: chunked
<
* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
你输入的路径不存在对应的内容


#加上请求参数
MacBook-Pro:HTML driverzeng$ curl -v -X POST http://127.0.0.1:8888/xxx?wd=hi
*   Trying 127.0.0.1...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 8888 (#0)
> POST /xxx?wd=hi HTTP/1.1
> Host: 127.0.0.1:8888
> User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
< Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
< Date: Sun, 29 Dec 2019 11:27:01 GMT
< Connection: keep-alive
< Transfer-Encoding: chunked
<
* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
你输入的路径不存在对应的内容

#设置请求头 -H
MacBook-Pro:HTML driverzeng$ curl -v -X POST -H 'Accept: text/html' http://127.0.0.1:8888/xxx?wd=hi
*   Trying 127.0.0.1...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 8888 (#0)
> POST /xxx?wd=hi HTTP/1.1
> Host: 127.0.0.1:8888
> User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
> Accept: text/html
>
< HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
< Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
< Date: Sun, 29 Dec 2019 11:28:35 GMT
< Connection: keep-alive
< Transfer-Encoding: chunked
<
* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
你输入的路径不存在对应的内容

#加上请求体 -d
MacBook-Pro:HTML driverzeng$ curl -v -X POST -H 'ZLS GOOD' -H 'Content-Tyoe: text/plain;charset=utf-8' -d '请求体内容'  http://127.0.0.1:8888/xxx?wd=hi
Note: Unnecessary use of -X or --request, POST is already inferred.
*   Trying 127.0.0.1...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 8888 (#0)
> POST /xxx?wd=hi HTTP/1.1
> Host: 127.0.0.1:8888
> User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
> Accept: */*
> Content-Tyoe: text/plain;charset=utf-8
> Content-Length: 15
> Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
>
* upload completely sent off: 15 out of 15 bytes
< HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
< Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
< Date: Sun, 29 Dec 2019 11:30:17 GMT
< Connection: keep-alive
< Transfer-Encoding: chunked
<
* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
你输入的路径不存在对应的内容

使用node.js设置请求

使用node.js 获取到请求动词

代码语言：javascript复制
var http = require('http')
var fs = require('fs')
var url = require('url')
var port = process.argv[2]

if(!port){
  console.log('请指定端口号好不啦？nnode server.js 8888 这样不会吗？')
  process.exit(1)
}

var server = http.createServer(function(request, response){
  var parsedUrl = url.parse(request.url, true)
  var pathWithQuery = request.url 
  var queryString = ''
  if(pathWithQuery.indexOf('?') >= 0){ queryString = pathWithQuery.substring(pathWithQuery.indexOf('?')) }
  var path = parsedUrl.pathname
  var query = parsedUrl.query
  var method = request.method

  /******** 从这里开始看，上面不要看 ************/

  console.log('有个傻子发请求过来啦！路径（带查询参数）为：'   pathWithQuery)
  console.log('method:');
  console.log(method);

  if(path === '/'){
    response.statusCode = 200
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf-8')
    var accept = request.headers["accept"];
    console.log("accept:");
    console.log(accept);
    response.write(`
        <!DOCTYPE html>
        <head>
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="/x">
        </head>
        <body>
            <h1>曾老湿</h1>
            <script src="/y"></script>
        </body>
    `)
    response.end()
  } else if(path === '/x'){
    response.statusCode = 200
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/css;charset=utf-8')
    response.write(`body{color: red;}`)
    response.end()
  } else if(path === '/y'){
    response.statusCode = 200
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/javascript;charset=utf-8')
    response.write(`console.log('这是JS内容')`)
    response.end()
  } else {
    response.statusCode = 404
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf-8')
    response.write(`你输入的路径不存在对应的内容`)
    response.end()
  }

  /******** 代码结束，下面不要看 ************/
})

server.listen(port)
console.log('监听 '   port   ' 成功n请用在空中转体720度然后用电饭煲打开 http://localhost:'   port)





使用node.js 获取到所有的请求头

代码语言：javascript复制
var http = require('http')
var fs = require('fs')
var url = require('url')
var port = process.argv[2]

if(!port){
  console.log('请指定端口号好不啦？nnode server.js 8888 这样不会吗？')
  process.exit(1)
}

var server = http.createServer(function(request, response){
  var parsedUrl = url.parse(request.url, true)
  var pathWithQuery = request.url 
  var queryString = ''
  if(pathWithQuery.indexOf('?') >= 0){ queryString = pathWithQuery.substring(pathWithQuery.indexOf('?')) }
  var path = parsedUrl.pathname
  var query = parsedUrl.query
  var method = request.method

  /******** 从这里开始看，上面不要看 ************/

  console.log('有个傻子发请求过来啦！路径（带查询参数）为：'   pathWithQuery)
  console.log('method:');
  console.log(method);
  console.log('request.headers:');
  console.log(request.headers); 
  if(path === '/'){
    response.statusCode = 200
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf-8')
    var accept = request.headers["accept"];
    console.log("accept:");
    console.log(accept);
    response.write(`
        <!DOCTYPE html>
        <head>
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="/x">
        </head>
        <body>
            <h1>曾老湿</h1>
            <script src="/y"></script>
        </body>
    `)
    response.end()
  } else if(path === '/x'){
    response.statusCode = 200
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/css;charset=utf-8')
    response.write(`body{color: red;}`)
    response.end()
  } else if(path === '/y'){
    response.statusCode = 200
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/javascript;charset=utf-8')
    response.write(`console.log('这是JS内容')`)
    response.end()
  } else {
    response.statusCode = 404
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf-8')
    response.write(`你输入的路径不存在对应的内容`)
    response.end()
  }

  /******** 代码结束，下面不要看 ************/
})

server.listen(port)
console.log('监听 '   port   ' 成功n请用在空中转体720度然后用电饭煲打开 http://localhost:'   port)



使用node.js设置响应

修改状态码

代码语言：javascript复制
var http = require('http')
var fs = require('fs')
var url = require('url')
var port = process.argv[2]

if(!port){
  console.log('请指定端口号好不啦？nnode server.js 8888 这样不会吗？')
  process.exit(1)
}

var server = http.createServer(function(request, response){
  var parsedUrl = url.parse(request.url, true)
  var pathWithQuery = request.url 
  var queryString = ''
  if(pathWithQuery.indexOf('?') >= 0){ queryString = pathWithQuery.substring(pathWithQuery.indexOf('?')) }
  var path = parsedUrl.pathname
  var query = parsedUrl.query
  var method = request.method

  /******** 从这里开始看，上面不要看 ************/

  console.log('有个傻子发请求过来啦！路径（带查询参数）为：'   pathWithQuery)
  console.log('method:');
  console.log(method);
  console.log('request.headers:');
  console.log(request.headers); 
  if(path === '/'){
    response.statusCode = 201
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf-8')
    var accept = request.headers["accept"];
    console.log("accept:");
    console.log(accept);
    response.write(`
        <!DOCTYPE html>
        <head>
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="/x">
        </head>
        <body>
            <h1>曾老湿</h1>
            <script src="/y"></script>
        </body>
    `)
    response.end()
  } else if(path === '/x'){
    response.statusCode = 200
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/css;charset=utf-8')
    response.write(`body{color: red;}`)
    response.end()
  } else if(path === '/y'){
    response.statusCode = 200
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/javascript;charset=utf-8')
    response.write(`console.log('这是JS内容')`)
    response.end()
  } else {
    response.statusCode = 404
    response.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/html;charset=utf-8')
    response.write(`你输入的路径不存在对应的内容`)
    response.end()
  }

  /******** 代码结束，下面不要看 ************/
})

server.listen(port)
console.log('监听 '   port   ' 成功n请用在空中转体720度然后用电饭煲打开 http://localhost:'   port)
代码语言：javascript复制
#使用curl获取结果
MacBook-Pro:HTML driverzeng$ curl -v http://127.0.0.1:8888/
*   Trying 127.0.0.1...
* TCP_NODELAY set
* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 8888 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: 127.0.0.1:8888
> User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 201 Created
< Content-Type: text/html;charset=utf-8
< Date: Sun, 29 Dec 2019 11:47:09 GMT
< Connection: keep-alive
< Transfer-Encoding: chunked
<

        <!DOCTYPE html>
        <head>
            <link rel="stylesheet" href="/x">
        </head>
        <body>
            <h1>曾老湿</h1>
            <script src="/y"></script>
        </body>
* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
javascript node.js 运维 自动化 http

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