MySQL数据库:第九章:子查询

2022-09-28 10:45:17 浏览数 (1)

回退至Mysql数据库理论与实战 #子查询

概念:出现在其他语句内部的select语句,称为子查询或内查询 其他语法:可以是select语句,也可以是create、insert、update等。只是select语句出现的较多 外面如果是select语句,称为主查询或外查询 位置: 子查询可以放在select语句中的select后面、from后面、where或having后面、exists后面 分类:(放在where或having后面) 单行子查询:子查询的结果只有一行 多行子查询:子查询的结果可以有多行 特点: ①子查询一般需要使用小括号括起来,为了提高阅读性 ②子查询一般放在条件的右侧 ③子查询优先于主查询执行,主查询使用到了子查询的结果 ④单行子查询一般搭配单行操作符使用 单行操作符:> < = <> >= <= 多行子查询一般搭配多行操作符使用 多行操作符:in/not in、any、all

#一、单行子查询

注意: 单行子查询的结果肯定是一行一列,不能是多行,也不能是空值

代码语言:javascript复制
#案例1:谁的工资比 Abel 高?
#①查询Abel的工资
SELECT salary 
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Abel'
#②查询哪个员工的工资>①
SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary>(
    SELECT salary 
    FROM employees
    WHERE last_name = 'Abel'
);
#案例2:返回job_id与141号员工相同,salary比143号员工多的员工姓名,job_id 和工资
#①查询141号员工的job_id
SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 141
#②查询143号员工的salary
SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = 143
#③查询job_id = ① 并且salary>②的员工姓名,job_id 和工资
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = (
    SELECT job_id
    FROM employees
    WHERE employee_id = 141
) AND salary>(
    SELECT salary
    FROM employees
    WHERE employee_id = 143
);
#案例3:返回公司工资最少的员工的last_name,job_id和salary
#①查询最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary)
FROM employees
#②查询last_name,job_id,salary,要求salary= ①
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary = (
    SELECT MIN(salary)
    FROM employees

);
SELECT * FROM employees;
#案例4:查询最低工资大于50号部门最低工资的部门id和其最低工资
#①查询50号部门的最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary) 
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 50
#②查询每个部门的最低工资,筛选条件:哪个部门最低工资>①
SELECT MIN(salary) 最低工资,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING 最低工资>(
    SELECT MIN(salary) 
    FROM employees
    WHERE department_id = 50
);

#二、多行子查询

in/not in:判断某个字段是否属于子查询结果的某个值 any/some:一般搭配条件运算符使用 【用的较少】 where sal>any(1,2,3,4) 0.5 all: 一般搭配条件运算符使用 【用的较少】 where sal > all(1,2,3,4) 4.5

代码语言:javascript复制
#题目:返回location_id是1400或1700的部门中的所有员工姓名
#①查询location_id是1400或1700的部门
SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN (1400,1700)
#②查询员工姓名,要求:department_id 属于①列表
SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN(
    SELECT DISTINCT department_id
    FROM departments
    WHERE location_id IN (1400,1700)
);
#题目:返回其它部门中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门任一工资低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary
#①查询job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门的工资
SELECT DISTINCT salary 
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
#②查询其它部门中salary<any(①)
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ANY(
    SELECT DISTINCT salary 
    FROM employees
    WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';
#题目:返回其它部门中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门所有工资都低的员工 的员工号、姓名、job_id 以及salary
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ALL(
    SELECT DISTINCT salary 
    FROM employees
    WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';
#等价于
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<(
    SELECT MIN(salary)
    FROM employees
    WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
) AND job_id<>'IT_PROG';
#1. 查询和 Zlotkey 相同部门的员工姓名和工资
#①查询Zlotkey的部门
SELECT  department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Zlotkey'
#②查询姓名和工资,要求部门号 = ①
SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = (
    SELECT  department_id
    FROM employees
    WHERE last_name = 'Zlotkey'
);
#2. 查询工资比公司平均工资高的员工的员工号,姓名和工资。
#①公司平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary)
FROM employees
#②查询salary>①的员工号,姓名和工资。
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary>(
    SELECT AVG(salary)
    FROM employees
);
#3. 查询各部门中工资比本部门平均工资高的员工的员工号, 姓名和工资
#①查询各部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
#②将①结果集和employees表进行连接查询,关联条件为老个表的department_id一致
SELECT employee_id,last_name,salary,e.department_id
FROM employees e
JOIN (
    SELECT AVG(salary) ag,department_id
    FROM employees
    GROUP BY department_id
) ag_dep
ON e.department_id = ag_dep.department_id
WHERE e.salary > ag_dep.ag;
#6. 查询管理者是 King 的员工姓名和工资
#①查询king的员工号
SELECT employee_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'k_ing'
#②查询哪个员工的领导号是①
SELECT last_name,salary
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IN(
    SELECT employee_id
    FROM employees
    WHERE last_name = 'k_ing'
);

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