4.MySQL增删改查(2)——查找元素

2022-10-26 15:13:24 浏览数 (2)

先创建一个表

一、查看数据

1.全列查找

select * from [表名];

2.指定列查找

select [列名] from [表名];

3.查找并加和

算出总成绩: select name,chinese english math from exam_result;

给某一个成绩加分: select name,chinese 5 from exam_result;

4.查询字段指定列名

select name,chinese english math as total from exam_result;

(其中as可以省略)

5.去重

select distinct math from exam_result;

(不会改变原来的表结构)

6.排序

  1. order by 指定针对哪个列进行排序
  2. 默认为升序排序(asc)
  3. desc 表示降序

a)查找数学成绩升序排序

select * from exam_result order by math;

b)查找数学成绩降序排序

select * from exam_result order by math desc;

c)查找总成绩降序排序

select name,chinese math english as total from exam_result order by total desc;

d)按照(指定)多个列排序

select * from exam_result order by chinese desc,math desc,english desc;

7.条件查找 a)查找语文成绩为空的记录

select * from exam_result where chinese is null; select * from exam_result where chinese <=> null;

此表格中没有为null的值,所以查找出来为0;

b)查找语文成绩不及格的信息

select * from exam_result where chinese < 60;

c)查找语文成绩大于英语成绩的信息

select * from exam_result where chinese > english;

d)查找总成绩大于200的信息

select name,chinese math english as total from exam_result where chinese math english < 200; (where里面不能用别名)

e)同时满足两科大于70的

select * from exam_result where chinese>70 and math>70;

f)查询语文在【20,40】之间的

select * from exam_result where chinese between 20 and 40; (也可以用and)

g)查询数学是97或者90的

select * from exam_result where math in (90.0,97.0); (也可以用or)

h)模糊查询 like (查询效率低)

%:匹配任意个任意字符 _ :匹配一个任意字符

i)查找姓孙同学的成绩

select * from exam_result where name like ‘孙%’; select * from exam_result where name like ‘孙__’;(两个下划线)

ii)查找姓所有同学的数学成绩是9开头的

select * from exam_result where math like ‘9%’;

8.分页查找

a)查找总分的前三名

select name,chinese math english as total from exam_result order by total desc limit 3;

b)查找总分的前4 5 6名

select name,chinese math english as total from exam_result order by total desc limit 3 offset 3;

( offset 3 可以当成下标)

如果limit写的超出了数据范围,那么不会报错,返回从开始位置到最后位置的全部值;

如果offset写的超出了范围,不会报错,返回一个空的结果;

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