CentOS 7使用Nginx+MariaDB+PHP安装Nextcloud 13

2022-07-14 09:12:16 浏览数 (1)

在这篇文章中,我将向你展示如何在 CentOS 7 服务器中安装和配置最新版本的 Nextcloud 13。我会通过 Nginx 和 PHP7-FPM 来运行 Nextcloud,同时使用 MariaDB 做为数据库系统。

一、环境说明

  • 一个带有50G云硬盘的CVM主机(腾讯云)
  • CentOS 7.3 (腾讯云公共镜像)
  • SELinux关闭
  • 已经使用yum update升级软件

二、安装Nginx

添加EPEL包的仓库源 yum -y install epel-release 通过EPEL仓库来安装Nginx yum -y install nginx

三、安装PHP7和PHP7-FPM

添加 PHP7-FPM webtatic 仓库,并安装PHP7以及功能相关的包。

rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm yum -y install php70w-fpm php70w-cli php70w-gd php70w-mcrypt php70w-MySQL php70w-pear php70w-xml php70w-mbstring php70w-pdo php70w-json php70w-pecl-apcu php70w-pecl-apcu-devel

四、配置PHP-FPM

我们需要配置 php-fpm 与 Nginx 协同运行。php7-fpm 将使用 nginx 用户来运行,并监听 9000 端口。 使用 vim 编辑默认的 php7-fpm 配置文件。

vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

修改以下不连续的记录点,修改用户,指定端口,启用环境变量。

#Line 8-10 user = nginx group = nginx #Line 22 listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 #Line 366-370 env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin env[TMP] = /tmp env[TMPDIR] = /tmp env[TEMP] = /tmp

保存文件并退出 vim 编辑器. 需要在 /var/lib/ 目录下创建一个新的文件夹 session,并将其拥有者变更为 nginx 用户。最后启动 php-fpm 和 Nginx,并且将它们设置为随开机启动的服务。

mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session chown nginx:nginx -R /var/lib/php/session/

sudo systemctl start php-fpm sudo systemctl start nginx

sudo systemctl enable php-fpm sudo systemctl enable nginx

五、安装MariaDB

这里使用 MariaDB 作为 Nextcloud 的数据库。可以直接使用 yum 命令从 CentOS 默认远程仓库中安装 mariadb-server包。

yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server

systemctl start mariadb systemctl enable mariadb

另外也可以选择安装MySQL之前建议更换yum为国内的源,不然下载速度会很慢。这里有一篇我自己写的博客,传送门:http://blog.csdn.net/qq_36731677/article/details/76060519

六、配置MariaDB

使用MySQL初始化指令初始化root用户,默认密码为空。

mysql_secure_installation

#配置过程 Set root password? [Y/n] Y New password: Re-enter new password:

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

先使用命令登录MySQL

mysql -u root -p

输入以下 mysql 查询语句来创建新的数据库和用户。

create database nextcloud; create user nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@'; grant all privileges on nextcloud_db.* to nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@'; flush privileges; exit

七、安装SSL证书

我们可以自己生成SSL证书,也可以申请专业的SSL证书。 自签名的SSL证书在使用的时候会报错,建议使用有资质的SSL证书。 安装过程如下: 为 SSL 文件创建新目录:

mkdir -p /etc/nginx/cert/

可以使用OpenSSL自签名证书,但是更推荐使用具有官方认证的SSL证书

openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/cloud.example.com.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/cloud.example.com.key

在该目录下储存申请过的SSL证书,并设置证书的权限:]

chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*

八、下载和初步安装 Nextcloud

找到正确的官方下载库:https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/ 安装必要的下载解压工具

yum -y install wget unzip

先进入 /tmp 目录,然后使用 wget 从官网下载最新的 Nextcloud 13。

cd /tmp wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-13.0.0.zip

解压 Nextcloud,并将其移动到 /var/www 目录。

mkdir /var/www/ unzip nextcloud-13.0.0.zip mv nextcloud/ /var/www/

为NextCloud创建文件储存文件夹,并授予一定的权限。

cd /var/www mkdir -p nextcloud/data chown nginx:nginx -R nextcloud/

手动指定文件储存位置

若想修改文件储存的位置(比如你另外购买了一块云硬盘) 这时则需要编辑nextcloud的配置文件,修改datadirectory指向的文件夹。

vim /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.sample.php

将'datadirectory' => '/var/www/owncloud_data/' 修改为'datadirectory' => '你的路径'

九、配置Nginx转发规则

我们需要在Nginx的配置文件下写入有关nextcloud的转发协议。 我们可以直接新建一个配置文件并写入信息,当Nginx重新加载后就能使用配置文件了。

cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/ vim nextcloud.conf

根据个人需要修改并写入配置:

  • server_name需要改为域名
  • ssl_certificate和ssl_certificate_key需要改为SSL证书对应的文件
  • root需要改为nextcloud文件夹所在路径
  • 配置数据来自nextcloud官方文档

upstream php-handler {     server 127.0.0.1:9000;     #server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; }

server {    listen 80;    listen [::]:80;    server_name cloud.example.com;    # enforce https    return 301 https://server_namerequest_uri;}

server {     listen 443 ssl http2;     listen [::]:443 ssl http2;     server_name cloud.example.com;

    ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.crt;     ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.key;

    # Add headers to serve security related headers     # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this     # topic first.     # add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;     # includeSubDomains; preload;";     #     # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about     # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option     # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped     # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list     # could take several months.     add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;     add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";     add_header X-Robots-Tag none;     add_header X-Download-Options noopen;     add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;

    # Path to the root of your installation     root /var/www/nextcloud/;

    location = /robots.txt {         allow all;         log_not_found off;         access_log off;     }

    # The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.     # Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.     #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;     #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json     # last;

    location = /.well-known/carddav {      return 301 scheme://host/remote.php/dav;    }    location = /.well-known/caldav {      return 301 scheme://host/remote.php/dav;    }

    # set max upload size     client_max_body_size 512M;     fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

    # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers     gzip on;     gzip_vary on;     gzip_comp_level 4;     gzip_min_length 256;     gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;     gzip_types application/atom xml application/Javascript application/json application/ld json application/manifest json application/rss xml application/vnd.geo json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest json application/xhtml xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

    # Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module     # This module is currently not supported.     #pagespeed off;

    location / {         rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;     }

    location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {         deny all;     }     location ~ ^/(?:.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {         deny all;     }

    location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/. |ocs-provider/. ).php(?:$|/) {         fastcgi_split_path_info ^(. .php)(/.*)$;         include fastcgi_params;         fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;         fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;         fastcgi_param HTTPS on;         #Avoid sending the security headers twice         fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;         fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;         fastcgi_pass php-handler;         fastcgi_intercept_errors on;         fastcgi_request_buffering off;     }

    location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {         try_files $uri/ =404;         index index.php;     }

    # Adding the cache control header for js and css files     # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block     location ~ .(?:css|js|woff|svg|gif)$ {         try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;         add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";         # Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to         # have those duplicated to the ones above)         # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into         # this topic first.         # add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;";         #         # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about         # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option         # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped         # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list         # could take several months.         add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;         add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";         add_header X-Robots-Tag none;         add_header X-Download-Options noopen;         add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;         # Optional: Don't log access to assets         access_log off;     }

    location ~ .(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {         try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;         # Optional: Don't log access to other assets         access_log off;     } }

检验一下配置的正确性之后就能用域名访问网盘了

nginx -t systemctl restart nginx

常见错误

有可能你在访问页面时可以正常显示但是提示你“内部服务器错误”,若出现这个情况有两个可能:

  • Nginx对nextcloud文件夹的访问权限不够,使用如下操作重新给予权限

cd /var/www mkdir -p nextcloud/data chown nginx:nginx -R nextcloud/

  • SELinux未关闭 永久关闭SELinux需要编辑文件/etc/selinux/config,将SELINUX=enforcing修改为SELINUX=disabled,重启后生效 临时关闭SELinux只需要在shell中输入setenforce 0就可以临时关闭SELinux。

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