在这篇文章中,我将向你展示如何在 CentOS 7 服务器中安装和配置最新版本的 Nextcloud 13。我会通过 Nginx 和 PHP7-FPM 来运行 Nextcloud,同时使用 MariaDB 做为数据库系统。
一、环境说明
- 一个带有50G云硬盘的CVM主机(腾讯云)
- CentOS 7.3 (腾讯云公共镜像)
- SELinux关闭
- 已经使用
yum update
升级软件
二、安装Nginx
添加EPEL包的仓库源
yum -y install epel-release
通过EPEL仓库来安装Nginx
yum -y install nginx
三、安装PHP7和PHP7-FPM
添加 PHP7-FPM webtatic 仓库,并安装PHP7以及功能相关的包。
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm yum -y install php70w-fpm php70w-cli php70w-gd php70w-mcrypt php70w-MySQL php70w-pear php70w-xml php70w-mbstring php70w-pdo php70w-json php70w-pecl-apcu php70w-pecl-apcu-devel
四、配置PHP-FPM
我们需要配置 php-fpm 与 Nginx 协同运行。php7-fpm 将使用 nginx 用户来运行,并监听 9000 端口。 使用 vim 编辑默认的 php7-fpm 配置文件。
vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
修改以下不连续的记录点,修改用户,指定端口,启用环境变量。
#Line 8-10 user = nginx group = nginx #Line 22 listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 #Line 366-370 env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin env[TMP] = /tmp env[TMPDIR] = /tmp env[TEMP] = /tmp
保存文件并退出 vim 编辑器. 需要在 /var/lib/ 目录下创建一个新的文件夹 session,并将其拥有者变更为 nginx 用户。最后启动 php-fpm 和 Nginx,并且将它们设置为随开机启动的服务。
mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session chown nginx:nginx -R /var/lib/php/session/
sudo systemctl start php-fpm sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl enable php-fpm sudo systemctl enable nginx
五、安装MariaDB
这里使用 MariaDB 作为 Nextcloud 的数据库。可以直接使用 yum 命令从 CentOS 默认远程仓库中安装 mariadb-server包。
yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server
systemctl start mariadb systemctl enable mariadb
另外也可以选择安装MySQL之前建议更换yum为国内的源,不然下载速度会很慢。这里有一篇我自己写的博客,传送门:http://blog.csdn.net/qq_36731677/article/details/76060519
六、配置MariaDB
使用MySQL初始化指令初始化root用户,默认密码为空。
mysql_secure_installation
#配置过程 Set root password? [Y/n] Y New password: Re-enter new password:
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
先使用命令登录MySQL
mysql -u root -p
输入以下 mysql 查询语句来创建新的数据库和用户。
create database nextcloud; create user nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@'; grant all privileges on nextcloud_db.* to nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@'; flush privileges; exit
七、安装SSL证书
我们可以自己生成SSL证书,也可以申请专业的SSL证书。 自签名的SSL证书在使用的时候会报错,建议使用有资质的SSL证书。 安装过程如下: 为 SSL 文件创建新目录:
mkdir -p /etc/nginx/cert/
可以使用OpenSSL自签名证书,但是更推荐使用具有官方认证的SSL证书
openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/cloud.example.com.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/cloud.example.com.key
在该目录下储存申请过的SSL证书,并设置证书的权限:]
chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*
八、下载和初步安装 Nextcloud
找到正确的官方下载库:https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/ 安装必要的下载解压工具
yum -y install wget unzip
先进入 /tmp 目录,然后使用 wget 从官网下载最新的 Nextcloud 13。
cd /tmp wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-13.0.0.zip
解压 Nextcloud,并将其移动到 /var/www 目录。
mkdir /var/www/ unzip nextcloud-13.0.0.zip mv nextcloud/ /var/www/
为NextCloud创建文件储存文件夹,并授予一定的权限。
cd /var/www mkdir -p nextcloud/data chown nginx:nginx -R nextcloud/
手动指定文件储存位置
若想修改文件储存的位置(比如你另外购买了一块云硬盘) 这时则需要编辑nextcloud的配置文件,修改datadirectory指向的文件夹。
vim /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.sample.php
将'datadirectory' => '/var/www/owncloud_data/' 修改为'datadirectory' => '你的路径'
九、配置Nginx转发规则
我们需要在Nginx的配置文件下写入有关nextcloud的转发协议。 我们可以直接新建一个配置文件并写入信息,当Nginx重新加载后就能使用配置文件了。
cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/ vim nextcloud.conf
根据个人需要修改并写入配置:
- server_name需要改为域名
- ssl_certificate和ssl_certificate_key需要改为SSL证书对应的文件
- root需要改为nextcloud文件夹所在路径
- 配置数据来自nextcloud官方文档
upstream php-handler { server 127.0.0.1:9000; #server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; }
server { listen 80; listen [::]:80; server_name cloud.example.com; # enforce https return 301 https://server_namerequest_uri;}
server { listen 443 ssl http2; listen [::]:443 ssl http2; server_name cloud.example.com;
ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.key;
# Add headers to serve security related headers # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this # topic first. # add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; # includeSubDomains; preload;"; # # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list # could take several months. add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff; add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"; add_header X-Robots-Tag none; add_header X-Download-Options noopen; add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
# Path to the root of your installation root /var/www/nextcloud/;
location = /robots.txt { allow all; log_not_found off; access_log off; }
# The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app. # Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app. #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last; #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json # last;
location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 scheme://host/remote.php/dav; } location = /.well-known/caldav { return 301 scheme://host/remote.php/dav; }
# set max upload size client_max_body_size 512M; fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
# Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers gzip on; gzip_vary on; gzip_comp_level 4; gzip_min_length 256; gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth; gzip_types application/atom xml application/Javascript application/json application/ld json application/manifest json application/rss xml application/vnd.geo json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest json application/xhtml xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;
# Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module # This module is currently not supported. #pagespeed off;
location / { rewrite ^ /index.php$uri; }
location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ { deny all; } location ~ ^/(?:.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) { deny all; }
location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/. |ocs-provider/. ).php(?:$|/) { fastcgi_split_path_info ^(. .php)(/.*)$; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param HTTPS on; #Avoid sending the security headers twice fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true; fastcgi_param front_controller_active true; fastcgi_pass php-handler; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_request_buffering off; }
location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) { try_files $uri/ =404; index index.php; }
# Adding the cache control header for js and css files # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block location ~ .(?:css|js|woff|svg|gif)$ { try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args; add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463"; # Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to # have those duplicated to the ones above) # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into # this topic first. # add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;"; # # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list # could take several months. add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff; add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"; add_header X-Robots-Tag none; add_header X-Download-Options noopen; add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none; # Optional: Don't log access to assets access_log off; }
location ~ .(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ { try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args; # Optional: Don't log access to other assets access_log off; } }
检验一下配置的正确性之后就能用域名访问网盘了
nginx -t systemctl restart nginx
常见错误
有可能你在访问页面时可以正常显示但是提示你“内部服务器错误”,若出现这个情况有两个可能:
- Nginx对nextcloud文件夹的访问权限不够,使用如下操作重新给予权限
cd /var/www mkdir -p nextcloud/data chown nginx:nginx -R nextcloud/
- SELinux未关闭
永久关闭SELinux需要编辑文件
/etc/selinux/config
,将SELINUX=enforcing
修改为SELINUX=disabled
,重启后生效 临时关闭SELinux只需要在shell中输入setenforce 0
就可以临时关闭SELinux。