查询指令
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/2001058
代码语言：javascript复制SELECT n.nspname as "Schema", c.relname as "Name", c.relfrozenxid,age(c.relfrozenxid)
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
WHERE c.relkind IN ('r','')
AND n.nspname <> 'information_schema' AND n.nspname !~ '^pg_toast'
AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
ORDER BY c.relfrozenxid::text::bigint DESC;
select datname,age(datfrozenxid),2^31-age(datfrozenxid) age_remain from pg_database order by age(datfrozenxid) desc;
select current_database(),rolname,nspname,relkind,relname,age(relfrozenxid),2^31-age(relfrozenxid) age_remain from pg_authid t1 join pg_class t2 on t1.oid=t2.relowner join pg_namespace t3 on t2.relnamespace=t3.oid where t2.relkind in ($$t$$,$$r$$) order by age(relfrozenxid) desc limit 5;
select datname,usename,query,xact_start,now()-xact_start xact_duration,query_start,now()-query_start query_duration,state from pg_stat_activity where state<>$$idle$$ and (backend_xid is not null or backend_xmin is not null) and now()-xact_start > interval $$30 min$$ order by xact_start;
select name,statement,prepare_time,now()-prepare_time,parameter_types,from_sql from pg_prepared_statements where now()-prepare_time > interval $$30 min$$ order by prepare_time;关键参数
系统级
代码语言：javascript复制# （final模式默认两亿，把回收xid位点limit设为oldestXmin，然后把limit之前的全部freeze，同时开始告警）
autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 200000000 # 如果表的事务ID年龄大于该值, 即使未开启autovacuum也会强制触发FREEZE, 并告警Preventing Transaction ID Wraparound Failures
# （lazy模式默认五千万，把回收xid位点limit设为oldestXmin减五千万，回收垃圾元组的同时顺便freeze）
vacuum_freeze_min_age = 50000000 # 手动或自动垃圾回收时, 如果记录的事务ID年龄大于该值, 将被FREEZE
# （eager模式默认一亿五千万，把回收xid位点limit设为oldestXmin减一亿五千万，按vm按需扫页面然后freeze）
vacuum_freeze_table_age = 150000000 # 手动垃圾回收时, 如果表的事务ID年龄大于该值, 将触发FREEZE. 该参数的上限值为 � autovacuum_freeze_max_age
# 组合事务ID限制，同上述配置。
autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age = 400000000 # 如果表的并行事务ID年龄大于该值, 即使未开启autovacuum也会强制触发FREEZE, 并告警Preventing Transaction ID Wraparound Failures
vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age = 5000000 # 手动或自动垃圾回收时, 如果记录的并行事务ID年龄大于该值, 将被FREEZE
vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age = 150000000 # 手动垃圾回收时, 如果表的并行事务ID年龄大于该值, 将触发FREEZE. 该参数的上限值为 � autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age
# 其他配置
autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay # 自动垃圾回收时, 每轮回收周期后的一个休息时间, 主要防止垃圾回收太耗资源. -1 表示沿用vacuum_cost_delay的设置
autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit # 自动垃圾回收时, 每轮回收周期设多大限制, 限制由vacuum_cost_page_hit,vacuum_cost_page_missvacuum_cost_page_dirty参数以及周期内的操作决定. -1 表示沿用vacuum_cost_limit的设置
vacuum_cost_delay # 手动垃圾回收时, 每轮回收周期后的一个休息时间, 主要防止垃圾回收太耗资源.
vacuum_cost_limit # 手动垃圾回收时, 每轮回收周期设多大限制, 限制由vacuum_cost_page_hit,vacuum_cost_page_missvacuum_cost_page_dirty参数以及周期内的操作决定. 表级
代码语言：javascript复制# 系统级：autovacuum_freeze_max_age = 500000000
# 表级分段配置：
alter table t set (autovacuum_freeze_max_age=210000000);
alter table t set (autovacuum_freeze_max_age=220000000);
alter table t set (autovacuum_freeze_max_age=230000000);
..计算cutoff位点
起始freeze的位点
代码语言：javascript复制void
vacuum_set_xid_limits(Relation rel,
int freeze_min_age,
int freeze_table_age,
int multixact_freeze_min_age,
int multixact_freeze_table_age,
TransactionId *oldestXmin,
TransactionId *freezeLimit,
TransactionId *xidFullScanLimit,
MultiXactId *multiXactCutoff,
MultiXactId *mxactFullScanLimit)
{
int freezemin;
int mxid_freezemin;
int effective_multixact_freeze_max_age;
TransactionId limit;
TransactionId safeLimit;
MultiXactId oldestMxact;
MultiXactId mxactLimit;
MultiXactId safeMxactLimit;
/*
* We can always ignore processes running lazy vacuum. This is because we
* use these values only for deciding which tuples we must keep in the
* tables. Since lazy vacuum doesn't write its XID anywhere, it's safe to
* ignore it. In theory it could be problematic to ignore lazy vacuums in
* a full vacuum, but keep in mind that only one vacuum process can be
* working on a particular table at any time, and that each vacuum is
* always an independent transaction.
*/
*oldestXmin =
TransactionIdLimitedForOldSnapshots(GetOldestXmin(rel, PROCARRAY_FLAGS_VACUUM), rel);
Assert(TransactionIdIsNormal(*oldestXmin));
/*
* Determine the minimum freeze age to use: as specified by the caller, or
* vacuum_freeze_min_age, but in any case not more than half
* autovacuum_freeze_max_age, so that autovacuums to prevent XID
* wraparound won't occur too frequently.
*/
// vacuum_freeze_min_age这个值太大了会被置为autovacuum_freeze_max_age的1/2。
// 配的太大了会频繁的做freeze
freezemin = freeze_min_age;
if (freezemin < 0)
freezemin = vacuum_freeze_min_age;
freezemin = Min(freezemin, autovacuum_freeze_max_age / 2);
Assert(freezemin >= 0);
/*
* Compute the cutoff XID, being careful not to generate a "permanent" XID
*/
limit = *oldestXmin - freezemin;
if (!TransactionIdIsNormal(limit))
limit = FirstNormalTransactionId;
/*
* If oldestXmin is very far back (in practice, more than
* autovacuum_freeze_max_age / 2 XIDs old), complain and force a minimum
* freeze age of zero.
*/
safeLimit = ReadNewTransactionId() - autovacuum_freeze_max_age;
if (!TransactionIdIsNormal(safeLimit))
safeLimit = FirstNormalTransactionId;下面判断逻辑会根据情况调整freeze起始位点
if (TransactionIdPrecedes(limit, safeLimit))
{
ereport(WARNING,
(errmsg("oldest xmin is far in the past"),
errhint("Close open transactions soon to avoid wraparound problems.")));
limit = *oldestXmin;
}
*freezeLimit = limit;
/*
* Compute the multixact age for which freezing is urgent. This is
* normally autovacuum_multixact_freeze_max_age, but may be less if we are
* short of multixact member space.
*/
effective_multixact_freeze_max_age = MultiXactMemberFreezeThreshold();
/*
* Determine the minimum multixact freeze age to use: as specified by
* caller, or vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age, but in any case not more
* than half effective_multixact_freeze_max_age, so that autovacuums to
* prevent MultiXact wraparound won't occur too frequently.
*/
mxid_freezemin = multixact_freeze_min_age;
if (mxid_freezemin < 0)
mxid_freezemin = vacuum_multixact_freeze_min_age;
mxid_freezemin = Min(mxid_freezemin,
effective_multixact_freeze_max_age / 2);
Assert(mxid_freezemin >= 0);
/* compute the cutoff multi, being careful to generate a valid value */
oldestMxact = GetOldestMultiXactId();
mxactLimit = oldestMxact - mxid_freezemin;
if (mxactLimit < FirstMultiXactId)
mxactLimit = FirstMultiXactId;
safeMxactLimit =
ReadNextMultiXactId() - effective_multixact_freeze_max_age;
if (safeMxactLimit < FirstMultiXactId)
safeMxactLimit = FirstMultiXactId;
if (MultiXactIdPrecedes(mxactLimit, safeMxactLimit))
{
ereport(WARNING,
(errmsg("oldest multixact is far in the past"),
errhint("Close open transactions with multixacts soon to avoid wraparound problems.")));
/* Use the safe limit, unless an older mxact is still running */
if (MultiXactIdPrecedes(oldestMxact, safeMxactLimit))
mxactLimit = oldestMxact;
else
mxactLimit = safeMxactLimit;
}
*multiXactCutoff = mxactLimit;
if (xidFullScanLimit != NULL)
{
int freezetable;
Assert(mxactFullScanLimit != NULL);
/*
* Determine the table freeze age to use: as specified by the caller,
* or vacuum_freeze_table_age, but in any case not more than
* autovacuum_freeze_max_age * 0.95, so that if you have e.g nightly
* VACUUM schedule, the nightly VACUUM gets a chance to freeze tuples
* before anti-wraparound autovacuum is launched.
*/
freezetable = freeze_table_age;
if (freezetable < 0)
freezetable = vacuum_freeze_table_age;
freezetable = Min(freezetable, autovacuum_freeze_max_age * 0.95);
Assert(freezetable >= 0);
/*
* Compute XID limit causing a full-table vacuum, being careful not to
* generate a "permanent" XID.
*/
limit = ReadNewTransactionId() - freezetable;
if (!TransactionIdIsNormal(limit))
limit = FirstNormalTransactionId;
*xidFullScanLimit = limit;
/*
* Similar to the above, determine the table freeze age to use for
* multixacts: as specified by the caller, or
* vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age, but in any case not more than
* autovacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age * 0.95, so that if you have
* e.g. nightly VACUUM schedule, the nightly VACUUM gets a chance to
* freeze multixacts before anti-wraparound autovacuum is launched.
*/
freezetable = multixact_freeze_table_age;
if (freezetable < 0)
freezetable = vacuum_multixact_freeze_table_age;
freezetable = Min(freezetable,
effective_multixact_freeze_max_age * 0.95);
Assert(freezetable >= 0);
/*
* Compute MultiXact limit causing a full-table vacuum, being careful
* to generate a valid MultiXact value.
*/
mxactLimit = ReadNextMultiXactId() - freezetable;
if (mxactLimit < FirstMultiXactId)
mxactLimit = FirstMultiXactId;
*mxactFullScanLimit = mxactLimit;
}
else
{
Assert(mxactFullScanLimit == NULL);
}
}验证
实测
代码语言：javascript复制select txid_current(); # 14076185
# 创建表时relfrozenxid就是当前的事务ID，age=0（currentxid - 创建表时relfrozenxid就是当前的事务ID，age）
create table t9(i int);
select age(relfrozenxid),relfrozenxid,relname,pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size(oid)) from pg_class where relname='t9';
age | relfrozenxid | relname | pg_size_pretty
----- -------------- --------- ----------------
1 | 14076186 | t9 | 0 bytes
insert into t9 values (1);
insert into t9 values (2);
postgres=# select t_xmin,t_xmax,t_infomask2,t_infomask from heap_page_items(get_raw_page('t9', 0));
t_xmin | t_xmax | t_infomask2 | t_infomask
---------- -------- ------------- ------------
14076187 | 0 | 1 | 2048
14076188 | 0 | 1 | 2048
postgres=# select * from pg_stat_user_tables where relname='t9';
-[ RECORD 1 ]------- -------
relid | 135092
schemaname | public
relname | t9
seq_scan | 0
seq_tup_read | 0
idx_scan |
idx_tup_fetch |
n_tup_ins | 2
n_tup_upd | 0
n_tup_del | 0
n_tup_hot_upd | 0
n_live_tup | 2
n_dead_tup | 0
n_mod_since_analyze | 2
last_vacuum | （执行了，不管清理没清理，都会更新时间）
last_autovacuum |
last_analyze |
last_autoanalyze |
vacuum_count | 0
autovacuum_count | 0
analyze_count |
autoanalyze_count | 0
【1】启动长事务
【2】启动消耗事务ID：pgbench -M prepared -n -r -P 1 -f ./test.sql -c 32 -j 32 -T 10
# （1）到vacuum_freeze_min_age=5000W时，因为长事务存在，不能freeze。
# （2）不会有报错
# （3）但会提示最老事务的事务ID：oldest xmin: 14076189（就是那个长事务）
vacuum (freeze,verbose) t9;
INFO: vacuuming "public.t9"
INFO: "t9": found 0 removable, 2 nonremovable row versions in 1 out of 1 pages
DETAIL: 0 dead row versions cannot be removed yet, oldest xmin: 14076189
There were 0 unused item pointers.
Skipped 0 pages due to buffer pins, 0 frozen pages.
0 pages are entirely empty.
CPU: user: 0.00 s, system: 0.00 s, elapsed: 0.00 s.
VACUUM
postgres=# select age(relfrozenxid),relfrozenxid,relname,pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size(oid)) from pg_class where relname='t9';
age | relfrozenxid | relname | pg_size_pretty
---------- -------------- --------- ----------------
59056502 | 14076189 | t9 | 40 kB
# （1）到vacuum_freeze_table_age=15000W时，因为长事务存在，不能freeze。
# （2）不会有报错
# （3）但会提示最老事务的事务ID：oldest xmin: 14076189（就是那个长事务）
postgres=# vacuum (freeze,verbose) t9;
vacuum (freeze,verbose) t9;
INFO: vacuuming "public.t9"
INFO: "t9": found 0 removable, 2 nonremovable row versions in 1 out of 1 pages
DETAIL: 0 dead row versions cannot be removed yet, oldest xmin: 14076189
There were 0 unused item pointers.
Skipped 0 pages due to buffer pins, 0 frozen pages.
0 pages are entirely empty.
CPU: user: 0.00 s, system: 0.00 s, elapsed: 0.00 s.
VACUUM
postgres=# select age(relfrozenxid),relfrozenxid,relname,pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size(oid)) from pg_class where relname='t9';
age | relfrozenxid | relname | pg_size_pretty
----------- -------------- --------- ----------------
153257008 | 14076189 | t9 | 40 kB
# （1）到autovacuum_freeze_max_age=20000W时，因为长事务存在，不能freeze。
# （2）开始报警，但是没报错
# （3）但会提示最老事务的事务ID：oldest xmin: 14076189（就是那个长事务）
postgres=# vacuum (freeze,verbose) t9;
WARNING: oldest xmin is far in the past
HINT: Close open transactions soon to avoid wraparound problems.
INFO: vacuuming "public.t9"
INFO: "t9": found 0 removable, 2 nonremovable row versions in 1 out of 1 pages
DETAIL: 0 dead row versions cannot be removed yet, oldest xmin: 14076189
There were 0 unused item pointers.
Skipped 0 pages due to buffer pins, 0 frozen pages.
0 pages are entirely empty.
CPU: user: 0.00 s, system: 0.00 s, elapsed: 0.00 s.
VACUUM
postgres=# select age(relfrozenxid),relfrozenxid,relname,pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size(oid)) from pg_class where relname='t9';
age | relfrozenxid | relname | pg_size_pretty
----------- -------------- --------- ----------------
213075933 | 14076189 | t9 | 40 kB
