运行时动态增加枚举类型

2022-07-18 13:51:09 浏览数 (1)

最近在使用一个内部框架的时候,希望能够在运行时指定枚举类型,却发现这是一件挺麻烦的事情(不找别的替代方式,就是要动态增加 enum 的类型),方法也不正统,不过作为有趣的尝试,研究研究也无妨,下面的内容主要来自于 《Java – create enum instances dynamically》这样一篇文章。在一切开始前,如果你想问,为什么非要增加/改变 enum 类型?其实这是一个非常好的问题,多数情况下这是应对被避免的,但是这不在今天我的讨论范围内。

一、方法 void addEnum(Class<T> enumType, String enumName),用于增加一个枚举类型:

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    /**
     * Add an enum instance to the enum class given as argument
     * 
     * @param the type of the enum (implicit)
     * @param enumType the class of the enum to be modified
     * @param enumName the name of the new enum instance to be added to the class.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static <T extends Enum<?>> void addEnum(Class<T> enumType, String enumName) {

        // 0. Sanity checks
        if (!Enum.class.isAssignableFrom(enumType)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("class "   enumType   " is not an instance of Enum");
        }
        // 1. Lookup "$VALUES" holder in enum class and get previous enum instances
        Field valuesField = null;
        Field[] fields = TestEnum.class.getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field field : fields) {
            if (field.getName().contains("$VALUES")) {
                valuesField = field;
                break;
            }
        }
        AccessibleObject.setAccessible(new Field[] { valuesField }, true);

        try {

            // 2. Copy it 
            T[] previousValues = (T[]) valuesField.get(enumType);
            List values = new ArrayList(Arrays.asList(previousValues));

            // 3. build new enum
            T newValue = (T) makeEnum(enumType, // The target enum class 
                    enumName, // THE NEW ENUM INSTANCE TO BE DYNAMICALLY ADDED 
                    values.size(),
                    new Class<><[] {}, // can be used to pass values to the enum constuctor
                    new Object[] {}); // can be used to pass values to the enum constuctor

            // 4. add new value
            values.add(newValue);

            // 5. Set new values field
            setFailsafeFieldValue(valuesField, null, 
                    values.toArray((T[]) Array.newInstance(enumType, 0)));

            // 6. Clean enum cache
            cleanEnumCache(enumType);

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

基于反射,把枚举类的属性列表全部取出来,增加一个新的枚举类型以后再放回去。上面的第 3、5、6 步下面分别说明。

二、在其中使用到了 makeEnum(Class<?> enumClass, String value, int ordinal, Class<?>[] additionalTypes, Object[] additionalValues) 这样一个方法:

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    private static Object makeEnum(Class<?> enumClass, String value, int ordinal, 
            Class<?>[] additionalTypes, Object[] additionalValues) throws Exception {
        Object[] parms = new Object[additionalValues.length   2];
        parms[0] = value;
        parms[1] = Integer.valueOf(ordinal);
        System.arraycopy(additionalValues, 0, parms, 2, additionalValues.length);
        return enumClass.cast(getConstructorAccessor(enumClass, additionalTypes).newInstance(parms));
    }

    private static ConstructorAccessor getConstructorAccessor(Class<?> enumClass, 
            Class<?>[] additionalParameterTypes) throws NoSuchMethodException {
        Class<?>[] parameterTypes = new Class[additionalParameterTypes.length   2];
        parameterTypes[0] = String.class;
        parameterTypes[1] = int.class;
        System.arraycopy(additionalParameterTypes, 0, 
                parameterTypes, 2, additionalParameterTypes.length);
        return reflectionFactory.newConstructorAccessor(
                enumClass.getDeclaredConstructor(parameterTypes));
    }

这是真正使用 newInstance 方法来创建新的枚举对象的方法,注意其中的构造器参数类型,第一个是 String,第二个是 int,这是需要符合 enum 内部实现的。

三、setFailsafeFieldValue(Field field, Object target, Object value) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException,这个修改方法 modifier 并设值的方法:

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    private static void setFailsafeFieldValue(Field field, Object target, Object value)
             throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {

        // let's make the field accessible
        field.setAccessible(true);

        // next we change the modifier in the Field instance to
        // not be final anymore, thus tricking reflection into
        // letting us modify the static final field
        Field modifiersField = Field.class.getDeclaredField("modifiers");
        modifiersField.setAccessible(true);
        int modifiers = modifiersField.getInt(field);

        // blank out the final bit in the modifiers int
        modifiers &= ~Modifier.FINAL;
        modifiersField.setInt(field, modifiers);

        FieldAccessor fa = reflectionFactory.newFieldAccessor(field, false);
        fa.set(target, value);
    }

四、清除枚举缓存:cleanEnumCache(Class<?> enumClass) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException:

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    private static void cleanEnumCache(Class<?> enumClass) 
            throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
        blankField(enumClass, "enumConstantDirectory"); // Sun (Oracle?!?) JDK 1.5/6
        blankField(enumClass, "enumConstants"); // IBM JDK
    }

    private static void blankField(Class<?> enumClass, String fieldName) 
            throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
        for (Field field : Class.class.getDeclaredFields()) {
            if (field.getName().contains(fieldName)) {
                AccessibleObject.setAccessible(new Field[] { field }, true);
                setFailsafeFieldValue(field, enumClass, null);
                break;
            }
        }
    }

最终的运行时测试代码:

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    private static enum TestEnum {
        a,
        b,
        c;
    };

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // Dynamically add 3 new enum instances d, e, f to TestEnum
        addEnum(TestEnum.class , "d");
        addEnum(TestEnum.class , "e");
        addEnum(TestEnum.class , "f");

        // Run a few tests just to show it works OK. 
        System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(TestEnum.values()));
        // Shows : [a, b, c, d, e, f] 
    }

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