1、目的
在已经掌握docker安装、docker仓库的基本使用、docker镜像和容器的基本操作和相互转化的基础上，可尝试通过docker搭建一个web服务器，便于分布式部署或快速移植web服务器。
通过本文的学习，可以了解学习docker容器与宿主机的文件和端口映射，进一步熟练使用docker容器。
2、修改容器，搭建简单的web服务
安装nginx
# apt-get install nginx
修改nginx配置文件
# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/web.conf
# server的配置 server { # 监听端口 listen 81; # 项目的初始化页面 location / { root /home/visual/nginx_web/; index index.html; } }
修改开机启动项
# vi /etc/rc.local
####!/bin/sh -e # # rc.local # # This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel. # Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other # value on error. # # In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution # bits. # # By default this script does nothing.
service ssh start service nginx start
/bin/bash
exit 0
3、创建镜像，便于再次启动容器
通过commit操作创建docker镜像文件，上篇文章已经讲过，命令如下
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/docker$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 568e5204fff3 Ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while..." 40 hours ago Exited (137) 38 hours ago kind_khorana 00f561d97811 ubuntu "/bin/echo hello w..." 40 hours ago Exited (0) 40 hours ago nifty_mcnulty 93a1b9d39683 ubuntu "bash" 40 hours ago Exited (0) 5 seconds ago zealous_noether abdc084f9821 hello-world "/hello" 41 hours ago Exited (0) 18 hours ago sleepy_clarke linuxidc@linuxidc:~/docker$ docker commit 93a1b9d39683 learn/nginx:v2 sha256:ab92edd21696770f1eb37e9229b6834094a8d3381e5b4e9edc620b7927004bb4 linuxidc@linuxidc:~/docker$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE learn/nginx v2 ab92edd21696 5 seconds ago 370MB learn/visual_init v1 56a4eab7dc5b 37 hours ago 321MB registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/zhangsp/ai visual_init 56a4eab7dc5b 37 hours ago 321MB ubuntu latest 14f60031763d 5 days ago 120MB hello-world latest 1815c82652c0 5 weeks ago 1.84kB
4、启动新容器
使用新创建的镜像learn/nginx:v2，启动新容器
# docker run -it --name nginx_test -h docker-nginx -p 8001:81 -p 8000:80 -v /home/linuxidc/docker/nginx_web/:/home/visual/nginx_web/ learn/nginx:v2 /bin/sh /etc/rc.local
启动容器的参数介绍
-it，交互方式启动 –name nginx_test，指定新容器的名称是nginx_test -h docker-nginx，指定新容器的主机名是docker-nginx -p 8001:81 -p 8000:80，指定宿主机与docker容器的端口映射，宿主机的8001对应docker容器的81，宿主机的8000对应docker容器的80 -v /home/linuxidc/docker/nginx_web/:/home/visual/nginx_web/，指定宿主机与docker容器的文件映射，宿主机的/home/linuxidc/docker/nginx_web/ 对应docker容器的 /home/visual/nginx_web/ learn/nginx:v2，指定启动容器对应的镜像是learn/nginx:v2，可以是镜像ID /bin/sh /etc/rc.local，指定容器启动后，执行shell脚本是/etc/rc.local
查看docker容器，容器nginx_test处于up状态，说明启动正常
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/docker/nginx_web$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES cbbbe7a5d47a learn/nginx:v2 "/bin/sh /etc/rc.l..." 25 minutes ago Up 24 minutes 0.0.0.0:8000->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8001->81/tcp nginx_test 966bd52b72da ubuntu "/bin/sh -c 'while..." 42 hours ago Exited (137) 40 hours ago stupefied_knuth 00f561d97811 ubuntu "/bin/echo hello w..." 42 hours ago Exited (0) 42 hours ago nifty_mcnulty 93a1b9d39683 ubuntu "bash" 43 hours ago Exited (0) About an hour ago zealous_noether abdc084f9821 hello-world "/hello" 43 hours ago Exited (0) 20 hours ago sleepy_clarke
5、测试docker_nginx是否正常
通过浏览器测试8001端口
通过浏览器测试8000端口
修改宿主机的文件，并测试8001端口
修改宿主机的/home/linuxidc/docker/nginx_web/index.html文件
linuxidc@linuxidc:~/docker/nginx_web$ vi index.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx! I am in docker!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx! I am in Docker!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html>
通过浏览器测试8001端口，发现“Welcome to nginx! I am in docker!”，说明内容已经修改，使用docker做为web服务器的功能已经OK
