大家好,又见面了,我是你们的朋友全栈君。
1.问题思考:
需要明确的是String是引用类型,int是基本类型,所以两者的转换并不是基本类型间的转换,这也是该问题提出的意义所在,SUN公司提供了相应的类库供编程人员直接使用。
2.Integer.parseInt(str) 与 Integer.valueOf(Str).intValue() :
其实查看Java源码不难发现后者的实现是基于parseInt函数来实现的,所以很有必要分析parseInt源码。
3.Integer.parseInt(str) 源码分析:
代码语言:javascript复制 public static int parseInt(String s, int radix)
throws NumberFormatException
{
/*
* WARNING: This method may be invoked early during VM initialization
* before IntegerCache is initialized. Care must be taken to not use
* the valueOf method.
*/
if (s == null) {
throw new NumberFormatException("null");
}
if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX) {
throw new NumberFormatException("radix " radix
" less than Character.MIN_RADIX");
}
if (radix > Character.MAX_RADIX) {
throw new NumberFormatException("radix " radix
" greater than Character.MAX_RADIX");
}
int result = 0;
boolean negative = false;
int i = 0, len = s.length();
int limit = -Integer.MAX_VALUE;
int multmin;
int digit;
if (len > 0) {
char firstChar = s.charAt(0);
if (firstChar < '0') { // Possible leading " " or "-"
if (firstChar == '-') {
negative = true;
limit = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
} else if (firstChar != ' ')
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
if (len == 1) // Cannot have lone " " or "-"
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
i ;
}
multmin = limit / radix;
while (i < len) {
// Accumulating negatively avoids surprises near MAX_VALUE
digit = Character.digit(s.charAt(i ),radix);
if (digit < 0) {
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
}
if (result < multmin) {
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
}
result *= radix;
if (result < limit digit) {
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
}
result -= digit;
}
} else {
throw NumberFormatException.forInputString(s);
}
return negative ? result : -result;
}
加红源码如下:
代码语言:javascript复制public static int digit(char ch, int radix) {
return digit((int)ch, radix);
}
代码语言:javascript复制 /* @param codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be converted.
* @param radix the radix.
* @return the numeric value represented by the character in the
* specified radix.
* @see Character#forDigit(int, int)
* @see Character#isDigit(int)
* @since 1.5
*/
public static int digit(int codePoint, int radix) {
return CharacterData.of(codePoint).digit(codePoint, radix);
}
可以看出加红代码是将字符 => Unicode(字符统一编码) => Unicode(数字统一编码) => 数字。
从上面的分析可以发现源码是取出字符串中的每个字符,然后将字符转换为数字进行拼接,但是在拼接的过程中SUN公司的编程人员是将其先拼接为负数,再用三元运算转换选择输出。自己并不认同,因为这样的做法是不利于理解,当然作者可能有自己的考虑,值得揣摩。
4.自己动手,丰衣足食:
思路:
化整为零 -> 将引用类型的String分解为char;
逐个击破 -> 进本数据类型之间的转换Character.digit(ch,radix) / Character.getNumericValue(ch) 原理相同;
由点及线-> 将数字放到不同权值得相应位置上,组成int型数值。
注:
正负号判断,数值长度判断,数字合法性校验(0-9)…
CODEING:
代码语言:javascript复制public static int change(String s){
int result = 0; //数值
int len = s.length();
int indexEnd = len - 1; //控制由右及左取字符(数字)
int indexBegin = 0; //起始位置(存在 - 号)
boolean negative = false; //确定起始位置及输出结果标志符
int position = 1; //权值:起始位置为个位
int digit = 0; //数字
if(len > 0){
char firstChar = s.charAt(0);
if (firstChar < '0') {
if (firstChar == '-') {
negative = true;
indexBegin = 1;
}else if(firstChar == ' '){
indexBegin = 1;
}else if (firstChar != ' '){
throw new NumberFormatException(s);
}
if (len == 1) throw new NumberFormatException(s);
}
while (indexEnd >= indexBegin) {
//(int) s.charAt(indexEnd--);只是该字符的数字编码,十进制数字的Unicode码范围为48-57
if(s.charAt(indexEnd) < 48 || s.charAt(indexEnd)> 57){
throw new NumberFormatException(s);
}
//int temp = Character.getNumericValue(s.charAt(indexEnd--));
int temp = Character.digit(s.charAt(indexEnd--), 10);
digit = temp * position;
result = digit;
position *= 10;
}
}
return negative ? -result : result;
}
5.C 的写法:
handle four cases: – discards all leading whitespaces;- sign of the number;- overflow;- invalid input
代码语言:javascript复制int atoi(const char *str) { int sign = 1, base = 0, i = 0; while (str[i] == ' ') { i ; } if (str[i] == '-' || str[i] == ' ') { sign = 1 - 2 * (str[i ] == '-'); //神一般的写法 或者 凡人 sign = str.charAt(i ) == '-' ? -1 : 1; } while (str[i] >= '0' && str[i] <= '9') { if (base > INT_MAX / 10 || (base == INT_MAX / 10 && str[i] - '0' > 7)) { if (sign == 1) return INT_MAX; else return INT_MIN; } base = 10 * base (str[i ] - '0'); } return base * sign;}
6.学无止境,Java升级版:
代码语言:javascript复制public static int myAtoi(String str) {
int index = 0, sign = 1, total = 0;
//1. Empty string
if(str.length() == 0) return 0;
//2. Remove Spaces
while(str.charAt(index) == ' ' && index < str.length()) // str = str.trim();
index ;
//3. Handle signs
if(str.charAt(index) == ' ' || str.charAt(index) == '-'){
sign = str.charAt(index) == ' ' ? 1 : -1;
index ;
}
//4. Convert number and avoid overflow
while(index < str.length()){
int digit = str.charAt(index) - '0';
if(digit < 0 || digit > 9) break;
//check if total will be overflow after 10 times and add digit
if(Integer.MAX_VALUE/10 < total || Integer.MAX_VALUE/10 == total && Integer.MAX_VALUE < digit)
return sign == 1 ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : Integer.MIN_VALUE;
total = 10 * total digit;
index ;
}
return total * sign;
}
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