Oracle 10g 以后的升级，步骤都差不多，实验之前，翻看了下官方手册和MOS上升级的内容。 步骤没有变化。下面详细讲解下Oracle 11.2.0.4 升级到 12.2.0.1 的大致步骤。
1． 检查升级条件
2． 安装12c 数据库
3． 执行DBUA 升级DB，当然，也可以采用手工执行命令的方式，但根据官方资料看，建议放弃这个想法，DBUA 真的简化了很多，如果手工执行，会多很多步骤，这样会增加出错的概率。
4． 检查数据库状态和无效对象。
我们需要把12c 安装到新的ORACLE_HOME，然后执行DBUA完成升级。 当然也可以一次搞定，但根据多次失败的经验来说，分开，更靠谱点。建议。
1. 讲补丁包上传到 Oracle Server ，解压、安装
[oracle@11g tmp]$ unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip
2. 检查当前版本
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production CORE 11.2.0.4.0 Production TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
SQL> set linesize 150; set pagesize 9999; col comp_name format a40; SELECT COMP_NAME, VERSION, STATUS FROM SYS.DBA_REGISTRY;SQL> SQL> SQL>
COMP_NAME VERSION STATUS ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------- OWB 11.2.0.1.0 VALID Oracle Application Express 3.2.1.00.10 VALID Oracle Enterprise Manager 11.2.0.4.0 VALID OLAP Catalog 11.2.0.4.0 VALID Spatial 11.2.0.4.0 VALID Oracle Multimedia 11.2.0.4.0 VALID Oracle XML Database 11.2.0.4.0 VALID Oracle Text 11.2.0.4.0 VALID Oracle Expression Filter 11.2.0.4.0 VALID Oracle Rules Manager 11.2.0.4.0 VALID Oracle Workspace Manager 11.2.0.4.0 VALID Oracle Database Catalog Views 11.2.0.4.0 VALID Oracle Database Packages and Types 11.2.0.4.0 VALID JServer Java Virtual Machine 11.2.0.4.0 VALID Oracle XDK 11.2.0.4.0 VALID Oracle Database Java Packages 11.2.0.4.0 VALID OLAP Analytic Workspace 11.2.0.4.0 VALID Oracle OLAP API 11.2.0.4.0 VALID
18 rows selected.
3. 检查磁盘空间
select a.tablespace_name, round(a.total_size) "total_size(mb)", round(a.total_size) - round(b.free_size,3) "unsed_size(mb)", round(b.free_size,3) "free_size(mb)", round(b.free_size/total_size *100,2) ||'%' free_rate from (select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) /1024/1024 total_size from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) a, (select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 free_size from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) b where a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name( );
4.为数据库做冷备份
RMAN>run { shutdown immediate; startup mount; allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; backup full tag='db_full_bak' database format '/home/oracle/rmanbak/full_cold_%d_%s.bak'; alter database open; }
RMAN> list backup;
数据库正常关闭后，还需要备份Oracle主目录，目的还是为了升级失败时，能够还原出数据库软件到升级前的版本。 重点是如下目录：
ORACLE_HOME/dbs
ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
ORACLE_HOME/hostname_dbname
ORACLE_HOME/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_hostname_dbname
[oracle@11g ~]$ env|grep ORA ORACLE_SID=orcl ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1 [oracle@11g ~]$ tar cvf oracle.ora /home/oracle
5. 关闭数据库实例及相关进程 (静态监听、动态监听、EOM、相关服务)
--停止数据库外部进程 [root@11g ~]#ps -ef|grep -v grep |grep LOCAL=NO|awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill -9
SQL> shutdown immediate; [oracle@11g rmanbak]$ cat /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora [oracle@11g rmanbak]$ lsnrctl stop [oracle@11g rmanbak]$ lsnrctl status [oracle@11g rmanbak]$ ps -ef |grep ora_|grep -v grep [oracle@11g rmanbak]$ netstat -an |grep 1521 [oracle@11g rmanbak]$ netstat -an |grep 1158
6. 开始升级操作 [oracle@11g ~]$ cd /tmp/database [oracle@11g database]$ ./runInstaller
6.1 不勾选
， 点击 next
注意这里的安装位置，我之前的安装目录是11.2.0.4，我新目录是12.2.0.1.0 即将oracle 安装到其他位置，这样可以减少宕机时间，也是oracle 推荐的方法。
有pdksh或者ksh其中一个就行
[root@11g ~]# rpm -qa|grep ksh pdksh-5.2.14-1.i386
执行到78%的时候弹出如下窗口： 用 root 用户跑这个脚本
进度到了83%的时候，自动弹出dbua窗口
停在37%执行了很久，耐心等待
选abort强制，进行如下操作
选yes
最后点击close。
7. 修改环境变量
然后，再修改oracle用户的.bash_profile
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0.1.0/db_1
然后source ~/.bash_profile
查看 cat /etc/oratab 【内容应该是新目录】
8. 登录查看，升级后版本
[oracle@11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Apr 2 16:43:38 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> set linesize 150; set pagesize 9999; col comp_name format a40; SELECT COMP_NAME, VERSION, STATUS FROM SYS.DBA_REGISTRY;
COMP_NAME VERSION STATUS ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------- Oracle Database Catalog Views 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED Oracle Database Packages and Types 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED Oracle XDK 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED Oracle Database Java Packages 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED OLAP Analytic Workspace 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED Oracle Workspace Manager 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED Oracle Text 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED Oracle XML Database 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED Oracle Multimedia 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED Spatial 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED Oracle OLAP API 12.2.0.1.0 UPGRADED OLAP Catalog 11.2.0.4.0 OPTION OFF Oracle Application Express 5.0.4.00.12 UPGRADED
14 rows selected.
SQL> select count(*) from dba_objects where status<>'VALID';
COUNT(*) ---------- 8357
SQL> select * from utl_recomp_errors;
no rows selected
编译失效对象
SQL>@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catuppst.sql
Session altered. --多次执行utlrp.sql，失效对象数量不再变化 SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select count(*) from dba_objects where status<>'VALID';
COUNT(*) ---------- 44 统计失效的对象： SQL> set lin 300; set pagesize 300; col owner for a30; select owner, object_type, status, count(*) from dba_objects where status='INVALID' group by owner, object_type, status order by owner, object_type; OWNER OBJECT_TYPE STATUS COUNT(*) ------------------------------ ----------------------- ------- ---------- SYS FUNCTION INVALID 2 SYS PROCEDURE INVALID 5 SYS TRIGGER INVALID 2 SYS VIEW INVALID 1 TBTB FUNCTION INVALID 13 TBTB PROCEDURE INVALID 3 TBTB VIEW INVALID 18
查看具体失效对象 col owner for a20; col object_name for a32; col object_type for a16; col status for a8; select owner, object_name, object_type, status from dba_objects where status='INVALID' order by 1,2,3; OWNER OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE STATUS -------------------- -------------------------------- ---------------- -------- SYS DEPEND_RELATIONSHIP PROCEDURE INVALID SYS EVENT_TABLE PROCEDURE INVALID SYS FN_GETSQLBYSQLID FUNCTION INVALID SYS GET_SQLTEXT FUNCTION INVALID SYS OLAPISHUTDOWNTRIGGER TRIGGER INVALID SYS OLAPISTARTUPTRIGGER TRIGGER INVALID SYS P_COLL_DML_INSERT PROCEDURE INVALID SYS P_MONI_INVALID_INDEX PROCEDURE INVALID SYS P_MONI_SQL PROCEDURE INVALID SYS V$SQLAREA_TOTAL VIEW INVALID TBTB CONTRACT_CALV FUNCTION INVALID TBTB CONTRACT_CONTTYPE FUNCTION INVALID TBTB CONTRACT_GDQX FUNCTION INVALID TBTB EMPLEVEL_LT FUNCTION INVALID TBTB EMPLEVEL_LZ FUNCTION INVALID TBTB EMPLEVEL_QC FUNCTION INVALID TBTB EMPLEVEL_XJRS FUNCTION INVALID TBTB GETTRMOBJ_BYOID FUNCTION INVALID TBTB GETUNITFULLNAME FUNCTION INVALID TBTB GET_CONTRACTOIDBYEMPOID FUNCTION INVALID TBTB GET_EMPDATA FUNCTION INVALID TBTB JLSXTG PROCEDURE INVALID TBTB LUOC FUNCTION INVALID TBTB PROC_COPYTEMPLATE PROCEDURE INVALID TBTB REP_1 FUNCTION INVALID TBTB SET_EMPDATA PROCEDURE INVALID TBTB TB_CNB_PAYRECORDINFO VIEW INVALID TBTB TB_V_CRPT_SELCOUNT VIEW INVALID TBTB TB_V_EMPASSIGNEDJOB VIEW INVALID TBTB TB_V_EMPPOSITION VIEW INVALID TBTB TB_V_LEADERLEVEL VIEW INVALID TBTB TB_V_LEADER_SET VIEW INVALID TBTB TB_V_ORGUNIT VIEW INVALID TBTB TB_V_PMG_EVALUESCORE VIEW INVALID TBTB TB_V_PMG_REWARDANDPUNISH VIEW INVALID TBTB TB_V_REC_CANDIDATE VIEW INVALID TBTB TB_V_TABLE VIEW INVALID TBTB TB_V_TMG_MONTHREPORT VIEW INVALID TBTB TB_V_TRM_CLASSINFO VIEW INVALID TBTB TB_V_TRM_CLASSMONEY VIEW INVALID TBTB TB_V_TRM_COURSE VIEW INVALID TBTB VIEW_BIZPROCINST VIEW INVALID TBTB VIEW_BIZWORKITEM VIEW INVALID TBTB VIEW_ORG_PERSON_ROLE_UNIT VIEW INVALID
44 rows selected.
手动单个单个编译失效对象，结果每个报 Warning: Procedure altered with compilation errors. ALTER PROCEDURE SYS.DEPEND_RELATIONSHIP COMPILE; ALTER PROCEDURE SYS.P_MONI_INVALID_INDEX COMPILE; ALTER PROCEDURE SYS.P_MONI_SQL COMPILE; ALTER PROCEDURE SYS.P_COLL_DML_INSERT COMPILE; ALTER FUNCTION SYS.GET_SQLTEXT COMPILE; ALTER TRIGGER SYS.OLAPISTARTUPTRIGGER COMPILE; ALTER TRIGGER SYS.OLAPISHUTDOWNTRIGGER COMPILE; ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.GET_EMPDATA COMPILE; ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.GETUNITFULLNAME COMPILE; ALTER PROCEDURE TBTB.SET_EMPDATA COMPILE; ALTER PROCEDURE TBTB.JLSXTG COMPILE; ALTER PROCEDURE TBTB.PROC_COPYTEMPLATE COMPILE; ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.GETTRMOBJ_BYOID COMPILE; ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.LUOC COMPILE; ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.REP_1 COMPILE; ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.GET_CONTRACTOIDBYEMPOID COMPILE; ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.EMPLEVEL_LT COMPILE; ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.EMPLEVEL_LZ COMPILE; ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.EMPLEVEL_QC COMPILE; ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.CONTRACT_CALV COMPILE; ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.CONTRACT_CONTTYPE COMPILE; ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.CONTRACT_GDQX COMPILE; ALTER FUNCTION TBTB.EMPLEVEL_XJRS COMPILE; ALTER FUNCTION SYS.FN_GETSQLBYSQLID COMPILE; ALTER PROCEDURE SYS.EVENT_TABLE COMPILE;
至此失效对象无法valid，推测是版本升级废弃对象，这里先不讨论。
9. 修改compatible参数，若修改完成，此次升级操作就无法回退，一定要在应用经过测试之后修改。
SQL> show parameter compatible
NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ compatible string 11.2.0.4 noncdb_compatible boolean FALSE
QL> create spfile from pfile;
File created. SQL> shutdown immediate; SQL> startup; SQL> alter system set compatible='12.2.0.1.0' scope=spfile;
System altered. SQL> shutdown immediate; SQL> startup;
SQL> show parameter compatible
NAME TYPE VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ compatible string 12.2.0.1.0 noncdb_compatible boolean FALSE
SQL> set linesize 150; set pagesize 9999; col comp_name format a40; SELECT COMP_NAME, VERSION, STATUS FROM SYS.DBA_REGISTRY;
COMP_NAME VERSION STATUS ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ---------------------- Oracle Database Catalog Views 12.2.0.1.0 VALID Oracle Database Packages and Types 12.2.0.1.0 VALID JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 12.2.0.1.0 VALID Oracle XDK 12.2.0.1.0 VALID Oracle Database Java Packages 12.2.0.1.0 VALID OLAP Analytic Workspace 12.2.0.1.0 VALID Oracle Workspace Manager 12.2.0.1.0 VALID Oracle Text 12.2.0.1.0 VALID Oracle XML Database 12.2.0.1.0 VALID Oracle Multimedia 12.2.0.1.0 VALID Spatial 12.2.0.1.0 VALID Oracle OLAP API 12.2.0.1.0 VALID OLAP Catalog 11.2.0.4.0 OPTION OFF Oracle Application Express 5.0.4.00.12 VALID
14 rows selected.
升级过程有忽略，abort,很简单粗暴，只用来初次尝试，用来学习与参考，失效对象还要进一步确认，升级过程中有不合理之处请指正。
