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Oracle数据库工程师手记：备份恢复双城记(一)
Oracle数据库工程师手记：备份恢复双城记(二)
在两个数据库之间进行备份恢复同步，其实还有一个变形版本：就是利用增分更新备份方式，增分更新备份本身，就是每一次都对 image copy 执行 apply，这样会节省recover 执行的时间。
比如，如果我1月1日进行 level 0 的备份，1月2日进行 level 1 的备份，1月3日进行 level 1 的备份.... 1 月 31 日进行 level 1 的备份；2月1日我想恢复到 1月31日为止的状态时，我需要进行如下的操作：
(1) restore 1月1日的备份
(2) recover 1月2日的备份
(3) recover 1月3日的备份
.....
(31) recover 1月31日的备份。
这样，recover 的时间就会比较长。
而采用 增分更新备份，我可以在每次备份时，顺手执行 recover copy 命令，把作为基础的 level 0 备份(image copy)，变成apply 了昨天备份的状态。
典型的操作是这样的
代码语言：javascript复制run
{
RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE WITH TAG 'incr_update';
BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG 'incr_update' DATABASE format '/refresh/home/bak/%U';
}我要执行的操作是这样的:
首先，在 source 端，进行 第一次增分备份，以及控制文件和spfile的备份。
代码语言：javascript复制-bash-4.1$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Apr 4 08:04:34 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL1120 (DBID=3640541495)
RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG 'incr_update' DATABASE format '/refresh/home/bak/%U';
Starting backup at 20210404_08:04:52
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=45 device type=DISK
no parent backup or copy of datafile 1 found
no parent backup or copy of datafile 2 found
no parent backup or copy of datafile 3 found
no parent backup or copy of datafile 4 found
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
output file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0qvrebt4 tag=INCR_UPDATE RECID=20 STAMP=1068969896
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0rvrebtb tag=INCR_UPDATE RECID=21 STAMP=1068969902
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0svrebte tag=INCR_UPDATE RECID=22 STAMP=1068969903
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20210404_08:05:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20210404_08:05:06
piece handle=/refresh/home/bak/0tvrebtg_1_1 tag=INCR_UPDATE comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
output file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0uvrebti tag=INCR_UPDATE RECID=23 STAMP=1068969906
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 20210404_08:05:07
RMAN>对于增分更新备份，第一次执行时，相当于生成 level 0 的增分备份，它实际上会形成 image coy 。
代码语言：javascript复制RMAN> list copy;
specification does not match any control file copy in the repository
specification does not match any archived log in the repository
List of Datafile Copies
=======================
Key File S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time
------- ---- - ----------------- ---------- -----------------
20 1 A 20210404_08:04:56 1047627 20210404_08:04:52
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0qvrebt4
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
21 2 A 20210404_08:05:02 1047631 20210404_08:04:59
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0rvrebtb
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
22 3 A 20210404_08:05:03 1047633 20210404_08:05:02
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0svrebte
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
23 4 A 20210404_08:05:06 1047635 20210404_08:05:06
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0uvrebti
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
27 Incr 1 9.36M DISK 00:00:01 20210404_08:05:05
BP Key: 27 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR_UPDATE
Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak/0tvrebtg_1_1
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_07:39:00
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1047633 Ckp time: 20210404_08:05:02
RMAN>对控制文件和spfile的备份，方法与之前一样：
代码语言：javascript复制RMAN> backup current controlfile format '/refresh/home/bak/control.bks';
Starting backup at 20210404_08:11:01
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20210404_08:11:02
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20210404_08:11:03
piece handle=/refresh/home/bak/control.bks tag=TAG20210404T081101 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 20210404_08:11:03
RMAN> backup spfile format '/refresh/home/bak/spfile.bks';
Starting backup at 20210404_08:11:11
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20210404_08:11:11
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20210404_08:11:12
piece handle=/refresh/home/bak/spfile.bks tag=TAG20210404T081111 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 20210404_08:11:12
RMAN>第一次备份完成，我把这些备份内容拷贝到 dest 端，然后执行 restore 操作。
代码语言：javascript复制-bash-4.1$ scp /refresh/home/bak/* <anotherhost>:/refresh/home/bak/
-bash-4.1$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Apr 4 08:14:26 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup nomount force;
startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/initorcl11204.ora'
starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size 2260088 bytes
Variable Size 281019272 bytes
Database Buffers 780140544 bytes
Redo Buffers 5517312 bytes
RMAN> restore spfile from '/refresh/home/bak/spfile.bks';
Starting restore at 04-APR-21
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /refresh/home/bak/spfile.bks
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 04-APR-21
RMAN> restore spfile to pfile '/tmp/initnewdb.ora' from '/refresh/home/bak/spfile.bks';
Starting restore at 04-APR-21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /refresh/home/bak/spfile.bks
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 04-APR-21
RMAN> exit查看生成的 /tmp/initnewdb.ora ，看看其中内容中有关于各个目录的，如果 dest 端没有这些目录，那么要建立好。特别是 audit 相关目录：
代码语言：javascript复制-bash-4.1$ grep audit /tmp/initnewdb.ora
*.audit_file_dest='/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/admin/orcl11204/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
-bash-4.1$如果各目录已经建立好了，那么就可以设置mount 状态：
代码语言：javascript复制-bash-4.1$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Apr 4 02:42:50 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: DUMMY (not mounted)
RMAN> shutdown immediate
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
Oracle instance shut down
RMAN> startup nomount;
connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 1570009088 bytes
Fixed Size 2253584 bytes
Variable Size 452988144 bytes
Database Buffers 1107296256 bytes
Redo Buffers 7471104 bytes
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/refresh/home/bak/control.bks';
Starting restore at 04-APR-21
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/control01.ctl
output file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 04-APR-21
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
RMAN>这里，我们不进行数据库本身的 restore/ recover， 而是进行 level 0 的增量备份(image copy) 的 appy:
我在 source 端得到到第一次增分更新备份所得的，是 image copy:
代码语言：javascript复制RMAN> list copy;
specification does not match any control file copy in the repository
specification does not match any archived log in the repository
List of Datafile Copies
=======================
Key File S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time
------- ---- - --------------- ---------- ---------------
20 1 A 04-APR-21 1047627 04-APR-21
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0qvrebt4
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
21 2 A 04-APR-21 1047631 04-APR-21
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0rvrebtb
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
22 3 A 04-APR-21 1047633 04-APR-21
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0svrebte
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
23 4 A 04-APR-21 1047635 04-APR-21
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0uvrebti
Tag: INCR_UPDATE我把它们拷贝到 dest 端：
代码语言：javascript复制-bash-4.1$ scp /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data*
> <anotherhost>:/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/
我可以在 dest 端执行第一次的 recover copy 命令，来对 image copy 进行 apply：
RMAN> RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE WITH TAG 'incr_update';
Starting recover at 20210404_09:40:30
using channel ORA_DISK_1
no copy of datafile 1 found to recover
no copy of datafile 2 found to recover
no copy of datafile 3 found to recover
no copy of datafile 4 found to recover
Finished recover at 20210404_09:40:30
RMAN>在 source 端，进行第一回 level 的增分更新备份：
代码语言：javascript复制SQL> create table tab001 as select * from dba_objects;
Table created.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
-bash-4.1$
-bash-4.1$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Apr 4 09:42:49 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL1120 (DBID=3640541495)
RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG 'incr_update' DATABASE format '/refresh/home/bak/%U';
Starting backup at 04-APR-21
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 04-APR-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 04-APR-21
piece handle=/refresh/home/bak/11vrehl7_1_1 tag=INCR_UPDATE comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 04-APR-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 04-APR-21
piece handle=/refresh/home/bak/12vrehl8_1_1 tag=INCR_UPDATE comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 04-APR-21
RMAN> exit把这次产生的备份，也拷贝到 dest 端：
代码语言：javascript复制-bash-4.1$ scp /refresh/home/bak/* <anotherhost>:/refresh/home/bak/回到 dest 端，注册新产生的备份，然后执行 recover copy 命令：
代码语言：javascript复制RMAN> catalog start with '/refresh/home/bak';
searching for all files that match the pattern /refresh/home/bak
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/12vrehl8_1_1
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/11vrehl7_1_1
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/control.bks
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/spfile.bks
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/12vrehl8_1_1
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/11vrehl7_1_1
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/control.bks
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/spfile.bks
RMAN> RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE WITH TAG 'incr_update';
Starting recover at 20210404_09:47:23
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile copies to recover
recovering datafile copy file number=00001 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0qvrebt4
recovering datafile copy file number=00002 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0rvrebtb
recovering datafile copy file number=00003 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0svrebte
recovering datafile copy file number=00004 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0uvrebti
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /refresh/home/bak/11vrehl7_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/refresh/home/bak/11vrehl7_1_1 tag=INCR_UPDATE
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 20210404_09:47:24
RMAN-06497: WARNING: control file is not current, control file AUTOBACKUP skipped
RMAN>回到 source 端，执行第二次更新增分备份：
代码语言：javascript复制-bash-4.1$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Apr 4 09:48:44 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> create table tab002 as select * from dba_objects;
Table created.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
-bash-4.1$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Apr 4 09:49:04 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL1120 (DBID=3640541495)
RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 FOR RECOVER OF COPY WITH TAG 'incr_update' DATABASE format '/refresh/home/bak/%U';
Starting backup at 04-APR-21
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=42 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 04-APR-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 04-APR-21
piece handle=/refresh/home/bak/13vrei16_1_1 tag=INCR_UPDATE comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 04-APR-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 04-APR-21
piece handle=/refresh/home/bak/14vrei17_1_1 tag=INCR_UPDATE comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 04-APR-21
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
-bash-4.1$再次拷贝到 dest 端：把这次产生的备份，也拷贝到 dest 端。
代码语言：javascript复制-bash-4.1$ scp /refresh/home/bak/* <anotherhost>:/refresh/home/bak/回到 dest 端，注册新产生的备份，然后执行 recover copy 命令：
代码语言：javascript复制RMAN> catalog start with '/refresh/home/bak';
searching for all files that match the pattern /refresh/home/bak
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/13vrei16_1_1
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/14vrei17_1_1
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/13vrei16_1_1
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/14vrei17_1_1
RMAN> RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE WITH TAG 'incr_update';
Starting recover at 20210404_09:52:29
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile copies to recover
recovering datafile copy file number=00001 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0qvrebt4
recovering datafile copy file number=00002 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0rvrebtb
recovering datafile copy file number=00003 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0svrebte
recovering datafile copy file number=00004 name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0uvrebti
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /refresh/home/bak/13vrei16_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/refresh/home/bak/13vrei16_1_1 tag=INCR_UPDATE
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 20210404_09:52:30
RMAN-06497: WARNING: control file is not current, control file AUTOBACKUP skipped
RMAN>好了，现在开始执行最重要的步骤，从source 端作出最新的控制文件备份和 archive log，拷贝到 dest 端：
代码语言：javascript复制SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
-bash-4.1$
-bash-4.1$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Apr 4 09:54:10 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL1120 (DBID=3640541495)
RMAN> backup current controlfile format '/refresh/home/bak/newcontrol.bks';
Starting backup at 04-APR-21
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=42 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 04-APR-21
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 04-APR-21
piece handle=/refresh/home/bak/newcontrol.bks tag=TAG20210404T095437 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 04-APR-21
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
-bash-4.1$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Apr 4 09:54:47 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> exit拷贝新生成的 archive log，到 dest 端：
代码语言：javascript复制-bash-4.1$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Apr 4 09:59:25 2021
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL1120 (DBID=3640541495)
RMAN> list archivelog all;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORCL11204
=====================================================================
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
14 1 5 A 04-APR-21
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_5_1068881903.dbf
15 1 6 A 04-APR-21
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_6_1068881903.dbf
16 1 7 A 04-APR-21
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_7_1068881903.dbf
RMAN> exit
-bash-4.1$ scp /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch* <annotherhost>:/refresh/home/bak/在拷贝最新的控制文件的备份，到 dest 端：
代码语言：javascript复制-bash-4.1$ scp /refresh/home/bak/* <anotherhost>:/refresh/home/bak/回到 dest 端，我需要重新使得数据库从 nomount 启动：
代码语言：javascript复制RMAN> shutdown immediate
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down
RMAN> startup nomount;
connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 1570009088 bytes
Fixed Size 2253584 bytes
Variable Size 452988144 bytes
Database Buffers 1107296256 bytes
Redo Buffers 7471104 bytes
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/refresh/home/bak/newcontrol.bks';
Starting restore at 20210404_10:05:15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/control01.ctl
output file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 20210404_10:05:17
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
RMAN>使得新引入的控制文件和实际情况相符：
代码语言：javascript复制RMAN> crosscheck copy;
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
specification does not match any control file copy in the repository
validation failed for datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0qvrebt4 RECID=20 STAMP=1068969896
validation failed for datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0rvrebtb RECID=21 STAMP=1068969902
validation failed for datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0svrebte RECID=22 STAMP=1068969903
validation failed for datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0uvrebti RECID=23 STAMP=1068969906
validation failed for archived log
archived log file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_5_1068881903.dbf RECID=14 STAMP=1068976138
validation failed for archived log
archived log file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_6_1068881903.dbf RECID=15 STAMP=1068976445
Crosschecked 6 objects
RMAN> delete expired copy;
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
specification does not match any control file copy in the repository
List of Datafile Copies
=======================
Key File S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time
------- ---- - ----------------- ---------- -----------------
20 1 X 20210404_08:04:56 1047627 20210404_08:04:52
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0qvrebt4
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
21 2 X 20210404_08:05:02 1047631 20210404_08:04:59
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0rvrebtb
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
22 3 X 20210404_08:05:03 1047633 20210404_08:05:02
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0svrebte
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
23 4 X 20210404_08:05:06 1047635 20210404_08:05:06
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0uvrebti
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORCL11204
=====================================================================
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - -----------------
14 1 5 X 20210404_03:10:11
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_5_1068881903.dbf
15 1 6 X 20210404_09:48:58
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_6_1068881903.dbf
Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? yes
deleted datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0qvrebt4 RECID=20 STAMP=1068969896
deleted datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0rvrebtb RECID=21 STAMP=1068969902
deleted datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0svrebte RECID=22 STAMP=1068969903
deleted datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0uvrebti RECID=23 STAMP=1068969906
deleted archived log
archived log file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_5_1068881903.dbf RECID=14 STAMP=1068976138
deleted archived log
archived log file name=/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/arch1_6_1068881903.dbf RECID=15 STAMP=1068976445
Deleted 6 EXPIRED objects
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/refresh/home/bak/0tvrebtg_1_1 RECID=27 STAMP=1068969905
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/refresh/home/bak/control.bks RECID=28 STAMP=1068970262
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/refresh/home/bak/spfile.bks RECID=29 STAMP=1068970271
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/refresh/home/bak/11vrehl7_1_1 RECID=30 STAMP=1068975783
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/refresh/home/bak/12vrehl8_1_1 RECID=31 STAMP=1068975785
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/refresh/home/bak/13vrei16_1_1 RECID=32 STAMP=1068976166
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'
backup piece handle=/refresh/home/bak/14vrei17_1_1 RECID=33 STAMP=1068976168
Crosschecked 7 objects
RMAN> delete expired backup;
using channel ORA_DISK_1
specification does not match any backup in the repository
RMAN> catalog start with '/refresh/home/bak';
searching for all files that match the pattern /refresh/home/bak
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/arch1_6_1068881903.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/arch1_7_1068881903.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/arch1_5_1068881903.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/newcontrol.bks
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/arch1_6_1068881903.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/arch1_7_1068881903.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/arch1_5_1068881903.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/bak/newcontrol.bks
RMAN> catalog start with '/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs';
searching for all files that match the pattern /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/cntrlorcl11204.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0rvrebtb
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/lkORCL1120
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/hc_orcl11204.dat
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0qvrebt4
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0svrebte
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0uvrebti
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/init.ora
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/lkORCL11204
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/lkDUMMY
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/spfileorcl11204.ora
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/orapworcl11204
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/cntrlorcl11204.dbf
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0rvrebtb
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0qvrebt4
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0svrebte
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0uvrebti
List of Files Which Where Not Cataloged
=======================================
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/lkORCL1120
RMAN-07517: Reason: The file header is corrupted
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/hc_orcl11204.dat
RMAN-07517: Reason: The file header is corrupted
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/init.ora
RMAN-07517: Reason: The file header is corrupted
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/lkORCL11204
RMAN-07517: Reason: The file header is corrupted
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/lkDUMMY
RMAN-07517: Reason: The file header is corrupted
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/spfileorcl11204.ora
RMAN-07518: Reason: Foreign database file DBID: 0 Database Name:
File Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/orapworcl11204
RMAN-07517: Reason: The file header is corrupted
RMAN> list copy;
List of Datafile Copies
=======================
Key File S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time
------- ---- - ----------------- ---------- -----------------
26 1 A 20210404_10:07:49 1050660 20210404_09:49:26
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0qvrebt4
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
25 2 A 20210404_10:07:49 1050660 20210404_09:49:26
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0rvrebtb
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
27 3 A 20210404_10:07:49 1050660 20210404_09:49:26
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0svrebte
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
28 4 A 20210404_10:07:49 1050660 20210404_09:49:26
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0uvrebti
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
List of Control File Copies
===========================
Key S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time
------- - ----------------- ---------- -----------------
24 A 20210404_10:07:49 1034598 20210404_02:16:07
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/cntrlorcl11204.dbf
Tag: TAG20210404T021607
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORCL11204
=====================================================================
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - -----------------
18 1 5 A 20210404_03:10:11
Name: /refresh/home/bak/arch1_5_1068881903.dbf
16 1 6 A 20210404_09:48:58
Name: /refresh/home/bak/arch1_6_1068881903.dbf
17 1 7 A 20210404_09:54:05
Name: /refresh/home/bak/arch1_7_1068881903.dbf
RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
27 Incr 1 9.36M DISK 00:00:01 20210404_08:05:05
BP Key: 27 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR_UPDATE
Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak/0tvrebtg_1_1
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_07:39:00
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1047633 Ckp time: 20210404_08:05:02
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
28 Full 9.33M DISK 00:00:01 20210404_08:11:02
BP Key: 28 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20210404T081101
Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak/control.bks
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1048038 Ckp time: 20210404_08:11:01
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
29 Full 80.00K DISK 00:00:00 20210404_08:11:11
BP Key: 29 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20210404T081111
Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak/spfile.bks
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_07:39:00
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
30 Incr 1 13.84M DISK 00:00:01 20210404_09:43:04
BP Key: 30 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR_UPDATE
Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak/11vrehl7_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 30
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ----------------- ----
1 1 Incr 1050428 20210404_09:43:03 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
2 1 Incr 1050428 20210404_09:43:03 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
3 1 Incr 1050428 20210404_09:43:03 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
4 1 Incr 1050428 20210404_09:43:03 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
31 Incr 1 9.36M DISK 00:00:01 20210404_09:43:05
BP Key: 31 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR_UPDATE
Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak/12vrehl8_1_1
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_07:39:00
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1050429 Ckp time: 20210404_09:43:04
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
32 Incr 1 10.21M DISK 00:00:01 20210404_09:49:27
BP Key: 32 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR_UPDATE
Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak/13vrei16_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 32
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ----------------- ----
1 1 Incr 1050660 20210404_09:49:26 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
2 1 Incr 1050660 20210404_09:49:26 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
3 1 Incr 1050660 20210404_09:49:26 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
4 1 Incr 1050660 20210404_09:49:26 /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
33 Incr 1 9.36M DISK 00:00:01 20210404_09:49:28
BP Key: 33 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: INCR_UPDATE
Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak/14vrei17_1_1
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20210403_07:39:00
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL11204
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1050660 Ckp time: 20210404_09:49:26
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -----------------
34 Full 9.33M DISK 00:00:00 20210404_09:54:37
BP Key: 34 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20210404T095437
Piece Name: /refresh/home/bak/newcontrol.bks
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1050826 Ckp time: 20210404_09:54:37
RMAN>在我准备在 dest 端，进行数据库的真正的 recover之前，需要提到一点，有时候，客户环境的 image copy 很大，达到好几个TB，这时候，可以考虑用 switch copy 命令，这个命令跳过了 restore 过程，把 image copy 直接在当前的位置转换为数据文件。
代码语言：javascript复制RMAN> switch database to copy;
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy "/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0qvrebt4"
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy "/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0rvrebtb"
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy "/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0svrebte"
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy "/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_I-3640541495_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0uvrebti"
RMAN> list copy;
List of Datafile Copies
=======================
Key File S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time
------- ---- - ----------------- ---------- -----------------
29 1 A 20210404_10:11:36 1047627 20210404_08:04:52
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/system01.dbf
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
30 2 A 20210404_10:11:36 1047631 20210404_08:04:59
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/sysaux01.dbf
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
31 3 A 20210404_10:11:36 1047633 20210404_08:05:02
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/undotbs01.dbf
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
32 4 A 20210404_10:11:36 1047635 20210404_08:05:06
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/oradata/orcl11204/users01.dbf
Tag: INCR_UPDATE
List of Control File Copies
===========================
Key S Completion Time Ckp SCN Ckp Time
------- - ----------------- ---------- -----------------
24 A 20210404_10:07:49 1034598 20210404_02:16:07
Name: /refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/cntrlorcl11204.dbf
Tag: TAG20210404T021607
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORCL11204
=====================================================================
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - -----------------
18 1 5 A 20210404_03:10:11
Name: /refresh/home/bak/arch1_5_1068881903.dbf
16 1 6 A 20210404_09:48:58
Name: /refresh/home/bak/arch1_6_1068881903.dbf
17 1 7 A 20210404_09:54:05
Name: /refresh/home/bak/arch1_7_1068881903.dbf
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 20210404_10:11:49
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 6 is already on disk as file /refresh/home/bak/arch1_6_1068881903.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 7 is already on disk as file /refresh/home/bak/arch1_7_1068881903.dbf
archived log file name=/refresh/home/bak/arch1_6_1068881903.dbf thread=1 sequence=6
archived log file name=/refresh/home/bak/arch1_7_1068881903.dbf thread=1 sequence=7
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=8
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 04/04/2021 10:11:49
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 8 and starting SCN of 1050839
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
RMAN>至此，数据库的 restore/recover 成功了，我们再看看新的数据库文件的数据文件状况：
代码语言：javascript复制SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_
I-3640541495_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0qvrebt4
/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_
I-3640541495_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0rvrebtb
/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_
I-3640541495_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0svrebte
/refresh/home/app/11.2.0.4/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_4/dbs/data_D-ORCL1120_
I-3640541495_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0uvrebti
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL>
